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Skulls - Thinkpad X230T

seabios_bootmenu

Latest release

Get it from our release page

  • coreboot: We take coreboot's master branch at the time we build a release image.
  • microcode update: revision 0x21 from 2019-02-13
  • SeaBIOS: version 1.16.0 from 2022-03-01

release images to choose from

We release multiple different, but very similar images you can choose from. They all should work on all versions of the X230T. These are the differences; (xxxxxxxxxx stands for random characters in the filename):

  • x230t_coreboot_seabios_xxxxxxxxxx_top.rom includes the proprietary VGA BIOS from Intel which is non-free software. It is executed in "secure" mode.
  • x230t_coreboot_seabios_free_xxxxxxxxxx_top.rom includes the VGA BIOS SeaVGABIOS which is free software.

table of contents

TL;DR

  1. run sudo ./skulls.sh -b x230t on your current X230T Linux system
  2. Power down, remove the battery. Remove the keyboard and palmrest. Connect a hardware flasher to an external PC (or a Raspberry Pi with a SPI 8-pin chip clip can directly be used), and run sudo ./external_install_bottom.sh on the lower chip and sudo ./external_install_top.sh -b x230t on the top chip of the two.
  3. For updating later, run ./skulls.sh -b x230t. No need to disassemble.

And always use the latest released package. This will be tested. The git master branch is not meant to be stable. Use it for testing only.

First-time installation

before you begin

Run Linux on your X230T, install dmidecode and run sudo ./skulls.sh -b x230t. It simply prints system information and helps you to be up to date.

Make sure you have the latest skulls-x230t package release by running ./skulls.sh -b x230t -U.

original BIOS update / EC firmware (optional)

If the script, sudo ./skulls.sh -b x230t says "The installed original BIOS is very old.", it means that you have a BIOS version that may include an EC version older than 1.14.

If that's the case, consider doing one original Lenovo upgrade process. This is not supported anymore, once you're running coreboot (You'd have to manually flash back your backup images first, see later chapters).

This updates the BIOS and Embedded Controller (EC) firmware. The EC is not updated anymore, when running coreboot. Since official BIOS release 2.77 and its EC version 1.15 Lenovo includes a digital signature check, which prevents further firmware patching.

You have 2 options:

  • use the latest original CD and burn it, or
  • use the same, only with a patched EC firmware that allows using any aftermarket-battery: (this is only possible up to EC Firmware 1.14) By default, only original Lenovo batteries are allowed. Thanks to this project we can use Lenovo's bootable upgrade image, change it and create a bootable USB image (even with EC updates that allows one to use 3rd party aftermarket batteries). For this, follow instructions at github.com/hamishcoleman/thinkpad-ec.

preparation: required hardware

open up the X230T

Remove the 7 screws of your X230T to remove the keyboard (by pushing it towards the screen before lifting) and the palmrest. You'll find the chips using the photo below. This is how the SPI connection looks like on both of the X230T's chips:

	Screen (furthest from you)

______ MOSI 5 --| |-- 4 GND CLK 6 --| |-- 3 N/C N/C 7 --| |-- 2 MISO VCC 8 --|______|-- 1 CS

	   Edge (closest to you)

... choose one of the following supported flashing hardware examples:

Hardware Example: Raspberry Pi 3

A Raspberry Pi can directly be a flasher through it's I/O pins, see below. Use a test clip or hooks, see required hardware.

On the RPi we run Raspbian and have the following setup:

  • Connect to the console: Either

  • in the SD Cards's /boot/config.txt file enable_uart=1 and dtparam=spi=on

  • For flashrom we put spi_bcm2835 and spidev in /etc/modules

  • Connect to a wifi or ethernet to sudo apt-get install flashrom

  • connect the Clip to the Raspberry Pi 3 (there are prettier images too):

         Edge of pi (furthest from you)
                 (UART)
   L           GND TX  RX                           CS
   E            |   |   |                           |
   F +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
   T |  x   x   x   x   x   x   x   x   x   x   x   x   x   x   x   x   x   x   x   x  |
     |  x   x   x   x   x   x   x   x   x   x   x   x   x   x   x   x   x   x   x   x  |
   E +----------------------------------^---^---^---^-------------------------------^--+
   D                                    |   |   |   |                               |
   G                                   3.3V MOSIMISO|                              GND
   E                                 (VCC)         CLK
     Body of Pi (closest to you)
Plug your RPI into an 8 Pin SOIC Clip
Pin Number Clip (25xx signal) Raspberry Pi
1 CS 24
2 MISO 21
3 not used not used
4 GND 25
5 MOSI 19
6 CLK 23
7 not used not used
8 3.3V

Connect corresponding RPI Pins, according to the images above.

Raspberry Pi at work

Now copy the Skulls release tarball over to the Rasperry Pi and continue on the Pi.

Hardware Example: CH341A based

The CH341A from Winchiphead, a USB interface chip, is used by some cheap memory programmers. The one we describe can be bought at aliexpress, but it's available elsewhere too. This means you need a different computer running a Linux based system here. Also, we don't use the included 3,3V power output (provides too little power), but a separate power supply. If you don't have any, consider getting a AMS1117 based supply for a second USB port (like this or this).

  • Leave the P/S Jumper connected (programmer mode, 1a86:5512 USB device)
  • Connect 3,3V from your external supply to the Pomona clip's (or hook) VCC
  • Connect GND from your external supply to GND on your CH341A programmer
  • Connect your clip or hooks to the rest of the programmer's SPI pins
  • Connect the programmer (and power supply, if USB) to your PC's USB port

ch341a programmer with extra USB power supply

unpack the Skulls release archive

tar -xf skulls-<version>.tar.xz
cd skulls-<version>

ifd unlock and me_cleaner: the 8MB chip

Flashing the bottom chip (closer to you) is highly recommended. It has the same pinout than the upper chip. When you dont unlock the bottom chip with external flasher, you cant fix the known critical security issues in the Intel Management Engine. Recently Intel release security updates for the CPU-Microcode (updates included in the skulls releases) for the CPUs build into the x230t, but does not release any security updates for the long known issues in the Management engine. Intel Management Engine security reasons. When you dont flash the bottom 8MB chip, you additionaly to the security issues cant use from end of 2020 onwards released Heads "maximized" releases that are discussed here: linuxboot/heads#703

sudo ./external_install_bottom.sh -m -k <backup-file-to-create>

That's it. Keep the backup safe. Here are the options (just so you know):

  • The -m option applies me_cleaner -S -d before flashing back, see me_cleaner.
  • The -l option will (re-)lock your flash ROM, in case you want to force yourself (and others) to hardware-flashing, see updating.

Your BIOS choice: the 4MB chip

Now it's time to make your choice! Choose one of the images included in our release and select it during running:

sudo ./external_install_top.sh -b x230t -k <backup-file-to-create>

This selects and flashes it and that's it. Keep the backup safe, assemble and turn on the X230T. coreboot will do hardware init and start SeaBIOS.

Updating

If you have locked your flash (i.e. ./external_install_bottom -l) you can flash externally using external_install_top.sh -b x230t just like the first time, see above. Only the "upper" 4MB chip has to be written.

It is recommended to do the update directly on your X230T using Linux though. This is considered more safe for your hardware and is very convenient - just install the "flashrom" program and run ./skulls.sh -b x230t, see below.

  1. boot Linux with the iomem=relaxed boot parameter (for example in /etc/default/grub GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT)
  2. download the latest Skulls release tarball and unpack it or check for updates by running ./skulls.sh -b x230t -U.
  3. run sudo ./skulls.sh -b x230t and choose the image to flash.

Hint: In case your Linux distribution's GRUB bootloader doesn't use the full screen, put the line GRUB_GFXMODE=1366x768x32 in your /etc/default/grub file (and run update_grub).

Moving to Heads

Heads is an alternative BIOS system with advanced security features. It's more complicated to use though. When having Skulls installed, installing Heads is as easy as updating Skulls. You can directly start using it:

  • build Heads
  • boot Linux with the iomem=relaxed boot parameter
  • copy Heads' 12M image file build/x230t/coreboot.rom to Skulls' x230t directory
  • run sudo ./x230t_heads.sh

That's it. Heads is a completely different project. Please read the documentation for how to use it and report bugs over there

Switching back to Skulls is the same as updating. Just run ./skulls.sh -b x230t.

Why does this work?

On the X230T, there are 2 physical "BIOS" chips. The "upper" 4MB one holds the actual bios we can generate using coreboot, and the "lower" 8MB one holds the rest that you can modify yourself once, if you like, but strictly speaking, you don't need to touch it at all. What's this "rest"? Mainly a tiny binary used by the Ethernet card and the Intel Management Engine. Read the coreboot documentation for more details.

how to reproduce the release images

  • git clone https://github.com/merge/skulls
  • cd skulls/x230t
  • git checkout <version tag> for the release you want to build. In this example 0.1.5.
  • ./build.sh and choose the configuration you want to build

replace the splashscreen image

In order to create your own splashscreen image, before building, overwrite the splashscreen.jpg with your own JPEG, using

  • "Progressive" turned off, and
  • "4:2:0 (chroma quartered)" Subsampling