From b38f00dc02fa60e23d24d5e99137e1afa003f059 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Junaid <86780488+jdevcs@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 12 Oct 2023 17:00:05 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 1/4] getRevertReason update for signed Txs (#6497)

* checkRevertBeforeSending without v r s part

* unit test

* changelog

* linter fix
---
 packages/web3-eth/CHANGELOG.md                |  1 +
 packages/web3-eth/src/rpc_method_wrappers.ts  |  5 ++-
 .../send_signed_transaction.test.ts           | 37 +++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 42 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/packages/web3-eth/CHANGELOG.md b/packages/web3-eth/CHANGELOG.md
index 8ebcda52b5f..9a0c99f76f2 100644
--- a/packages/web3-eth/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/packages/web3-eth/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -200,6 +200,7 @@ Documentation:
 ### Fixed
 
 -   Ensure provider.supportsSubscriptions exists before watching by subscription (#6440)
+-   Fixed param sent to `checkRevertBeforeSending` in `sendSignedTransaction` 
 
 ### Added
 
diff --git a/packages/web3-eth/src/rpc_method_wrappers.ts b/packages/web3-eth/src/rpc_method_wrappers.ts
index 542b1b36d88..9a36f2dc405 100644
--- a/packages/web3-eth/src/rpc_method_wrappers.ts
+++ b/packages/web3-eth/src/rpc_method_wrappers.ts
@@ -627,8 +627,11 @@ export function sendSignedTransaction<
 					};
 
 					try {
+						const { v , r , s, 
+								...txWithoutSigParams} = unSerializedTransactionWithFrom;
+						
 						await sendTxHelper.checkRevertBeforeSending(
-							unSerializedTransactionWithFrom as TransactionCall,
+							txWithoutSigParams as TransactionCall,
 						);
 
 						sendTxHelper.emitSending(signedTransactionFormattedHex);
diff --git a/packages/web3-eth/test/unit/rpc_method_wrappers/send_signed_transaction.test.ts b/packages/web3-eth/test/unit/rpc_method_wrappers/send_signed_transaction.test.ts
index 9cdb71a7019..4a741c46646 100644
--- a/packages/web3-eth/test/unit/rpc_method_wrappers/send_signed_transaction.test.ts
+++ b/packages/web3-eth/test/unit/rpc_method_wrappers/send_signed_transaction.test.ts
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ import {
 	testData,
 } from './fixtures/send_signed_transaction';
 import { transactionReceiptSchema } from '../../../src/schemas';
+import { SendTxHelper } from '../../../src/utils/send_tx_helper';
 
 jest.mock('web3-rpc-methods');
 jest.mock('../../../src/utils/wait_for_transaction_receipt');
@@ -45,6 +46,42 @@ describe('sendTransaction', () => {
 
 	afterEach(() => jest.resetAllMocks());
 
+	it.each(testData)(
+		`should remove signature part in transaction before checkRevertBeforeSending`,
+		async (_, inputSignedTransaction) => {
+			(
+				WaitForTransactionReceipt.waitForTransactionReceipt as jest.Mock
+			).mockResolvedValueOnce(expectedTransactionReceipt);
+
+			const checkRevertBeforeSendingSpy = jest.fn().mockImplementation((transaction) => {
+				expect(transaction).toBeDefined();
+
+				// verify signature part is removed before sending to revert check function
+				expect(transaction).not.toHaveProperty('v');
+				expect(transaction).not.toHaveProperty('r');
+				expect(transaction).not.toHaveProperty('s');
+			});
+
+			SendTxHelper.prototype.checkRevertBeforeSending = checkRevertBeforeSendingSpy;
+
+			const inputSignedTransactionFormatted = format(
+				{ format: 'bytes' },
+				inputSignedTransaction,
+				DEFAULT_RETURN_FORMAT,
+			);
+			await sendSignedTransaction(web3Context, inputSignedTransaction, DEFAULT_RETURN_FORMAT);
+
+			// verify original tx params are intact
+			expect(ethRpcMethods.sendRawTransaction).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+				web3Context.requestManager,
+				inputSignedTransactionFormatted,
+			);
+
+			expect(checkRevertBeforeSendingSpy).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+			
+		},
+	);
+
 	it.each(testData)(
 		`sending event should emit with inputSignedTransaction\n ${testMessage}`,
 		async (_, inputSignedTransaction) => {

From 6e43d1b78940d795c22d62fc431e09d10ffcab92 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: xiaolou86 <20718693+xiaolou86@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 13 Oct 2023 02:08:51 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 2/4] Fix typos (#6494)

---
 .../guides/web3_upgrade_guide/1.x/web3_eth_migration_guide.md | 4 ++--
 docs/src/theme/SearchBar/algolia.css                          | 2 +-
 packages/web3-eth/test/e2e/e2e_utils.ts                       | 2 +-
 packages/web3/test/e2e/e2e_utils.ts                           | 2 +-
 scripts/test-runner.sh                                        | 2 +-
 5 files changed, 6 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/docs/guides/web3_upgrade_guide/1.x/web3_eth_migration_guide.md b/docs/docs/guides/web3_upgrade_guide/1.x/web3_eth_migration_guide.md
index e97578d1c84..10b57e1d261 100644
--- a/docs/docs/guides/web3_upgrade_guide/1.x/web3_eth_migration_guide.md
+++ b/docs/docs/guides/web3_upgrade_guide/1.x/web3_eth_migration_guide.md
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ await web3.eth.getFeeHistory('0x1', 'latest', []);
 
 #### sending
 
--   In 1.x, the event listener would receive a `payload` object as an argument. In 4.x, just the sent transaction object is recieved
+-   In 1.x, the event listener would receive a `payload` object as an argument. In 4.x, just the sent transaction object is received
 
 ```typescript
 // in 1.x
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ web3.eth.sendTransaction({ ... }).on('sending', (sendTransactionObject) => { ...
 
 #### sent
 
--   In 1.x, the event listener would receive a `payload` object as an argument. In 4.x just the sent transaction object is recieved
+-   In 1.x, the event listener would receive a `payload` object as an argument. In 4.x just the sent transaction object is received
 
 ```typescript
 // in 1.x
diff --git a/docs/src/theme/SearchBar/algolia.css b/docs/src/theme/SearchBar/algolia.css
index c5590cfa486..8c3782ba827 100644
--- a/docs/src/theme/SearchBar/algolia.css
+++ b/docs/src/theme/SearchBar/algolia.css
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 .algolia-docsearch-suggestion--highlight {
   color: #3a33d1;
 }
-/* Highligted search terms in the main category headers */
+/* Highlighted search terms in the main category headers */
 .algolia-docsearch-suggestion--category-header
   .algolia-docsearch-suggestion--highlight {
   background-color: #4d47d5;
diff --git a/packages/web3-eth/test/e2e/e2e_utils.ts b/packages/web3-eth/test/e2e/e2e_utils.ts
index 6cc6d49e60e..56989fc927d 100644
--- a/packages/web3-eth/test/e2e/e2e_utils.ts
+++ b/packages/web3-eth/test/e2e/e2e_utils.ts
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ import { getSystemTestBackend } from '../fixtures/system_test_utils';
 import secrets from '../../../../.secrets.json';
 
 export const getSystemE2ETestProvider = (): string => {
-	if (process.env.WEB3_SYTEM_TEST_MODE === 'http') {
+	if (process.env.WEB3_SYSTEM_TEST_MODE === 'http') {
 		return getSystemTestBackend() === 'sepolia'
 			? process.env.INFURA_SEPOLIA_HTTP ?? secrets.SEPOLIA.HTTP
 			: process.env.INFURA_MAINNET_HTTP ?? secrets.MAINNET.HTTP;
diff --git a/packages/web3/test/e2e/e2e_utils.ts b/packages/web3/test/e2e/e2e_utils.ts
index 8001e72fc55..cfb680d8b81 100644
--- a/packages/web3/test/e2e/e2e_utils.ts
+++ b/packages/web3/test/e2e/e2e_utils.ts
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ import { getSystemTestBackend } from '../shared_fixtures/system_tests_utils';
 import secrets from '../../../../.secrets.json';
 
 export const getSystemE2ETestProvider = (): string => {
-	if (process.env.WEB3_SYTEM_TEST_MODE === 'http') {
+	if (process.env.WEB3_SYSTEM_TEST_MODE === 'http') {
 		return getSystemTestBackend() === 'sepolia'
 			? process.env.INFURA_SEPOLIA_HTTP ?? secrets.SEPOLIA.HTTP
 			: process.env.INFURA_MAINNET_HTTP ?? secrets.MAINNET.HTTP;
diff --git a/scripts/test-runner.sh b/scripts/test-runner.sh
index 5b60f75b59f..cdb3798e461 100755
--- a/scripts/test-runner.sh
+++ b/scripts/test-runner.sh
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ fi
 echo "Node software used for tests: " $BACKEND
 echo "Node running on: " "$MODE://127.0.0.1:$WEB3_SYSTEM_TEST_PORT"
 
-export WEB3_SYTEM_TEST_MODE=$MODE
+export WEB3_SYSTEM_TEST_MODE=$MODE
 export WEB3_SYSTEM_TEST_PROVIDER="$MODE://127.0.0.1:$WEB3_SYSTEM_TEST_PORT"
 export WEB3_SYSTEM_TEST_BACKEND=$BACKEND
 export WEB3_SYSTEM_TEST_ENGINE=$ENGINE

From e760667d2595deafcf7606c84b15bda9b472c5a7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Alex <alex.luu@mail.utoronto.ca>
Date: Thu, 12 Oct 2023 21:56:40 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 3/4] update tests (#6474)

---
 .../integration/local_account/contract_erc721.test.ts  | 10 +++-------
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/packages/web3-eth-contract/test/integration/local_account/contract_erc721.test.ts b/packages/web3-eth-contract/test/integration/local_account/contract_erc721.test.ts
index 2b50e735257..d9226c580f1 100644
--- a/packages/web3-eth-contract/test/integration/local_account/contract_erc721.test.ts
+++ b/packages/web3-eth-contract/test/integration/local_account/contract_erc721.test.ts
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ along with web3.js.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 import Web3 from 'web3';
 // eslint-disable-next-line import/no-extraneous-dependencies
 import { Web3Account } from 'web3-eth-accounts';
-import { EventLog } from 'web3-types';
 import { Contract } from '../../../src';
 import { ERC721TokenAbi, ERC721TokenBytecode } from '../../shared_fixtures/build/ERC721Token';
 import { getSystemTestProvider, createLocalAccount } from '../../fixtures/system_test_utils';
@@ -80,8 +79,7 @@ describe('contract', () => {
 				tempAccount.address.toLowerCase(),
 			);
 
-			const logs = await contractDeployed.getPastEvents('Transfer');
-			const tokenId = (logs[0] as EventLog)?.returnValues?.tokenId as string;
+			const tokenId = awardReceipt.events?.Transfer.returnValues?.tokenId as string;
 
 			expect(
 				toUpperCaseHex(
@@ -113,8 +111,7 @@ describe('contract', () => {
 				tempAccount.address.toLowerCase(),
 			);
 
-			const logs = await contractDeployed.getPastEvents('Transfer');
-			const tokenId = (logs[0] as EventLog)?.returnValues?.tokenId as string;
+			const tokenId = awardReceipt.events?.Transfer.returnValues?.tokenId as string;
 			const transferFromReceipt = await contractDeployed.methods
 				.transferFrom(tempAccount.address, toAccount.address, tokenId)
 				.send({
@@ -186,8 +183,7 @@ describe('contract', () => {
 				tempAccount.address.toLowerCase(),
 			);
 
-			const logs = await contractDeployed.getPastEvents('Transfer');
-			const tokenId = (logs[0] as EventLog)?.returnValues?.tokenId as string;
+			const tokenId = awardReceipt.events?.Transfer.returnValues?.tokenId as string;
 
 			const approveReceipt = await contractDeployed.methods
 				.approve(toAccount.address, tokenId)

From 42502b6599c3c8149721a5679fcbf56c79deeebd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Muhammad Altabba <24407834+Muhammad-Altabba@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 16 Oct 2023 12:56:11 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 4/4] Avoid using `**` with `BigInt` (#6506)

* user static numbers to avoid `**`  at web3-utils converters.ts

* fill `numberLimits` in a loop without using **

* implement `bigintPower` to avoid `**` with `bigint`

* update CHANGELOG.md files
---
 packages/web3-eth-abi/CHANGELOG.md            |  6 +-
 .../web3-eth-abi/src/coders/base/number.ts    | 20 +------
 .../src/coders/base/numbersLimits.ts          | 39 +++++++++++++
 packages/web3-utils/CHANGELOG.md              |  3 +-
 packages/web3-utils/src/converters.ts         | 56 +++++++++----------
 .../web3-utils/src/string_manipulation.ts     |  6 +-
 packages/web3-validator/CHANGELOG.md          |  3 +-
 .../web3-validator/src/validation/numbers.ts  | 17 +++++-
 8 files changed, 93 insertions(+), 57 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 packages/web3-eth-abi/src/coders/base/numbersLimits.ts

diff --git a/packages/web3-eth-abi/CHANGELOG.md b/packages/web3-eth-abi/CHANGELOG.md
index 908a451032e..0765c91d578 100644
--- a/packages/web3-eth-abi/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/packages/web3-eth-abi/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -142,4 +142,8 @@ Documentation:
 
 -   Dependencies updated
 
-## [Unreleased]
\ No newline at end of file
+## [Unreleased]
+
+### Fixed
+
+-   Fix issue with default config with babel (and React): "TypeError: Cannot convert a BigInt value to a number #6187" (#6506)
diff --git a/packages/web3-eth-abi/src/coders/base/number.ts b/packages/web3-eth-abi/src/coders/base/number.ts
index 317ecd3780f..a86ee4f6acd 100644
--- a/packages/web3-eth-abi/src/coders/base/number.ts
+++ b/packages/web3-eth-abi/src/coders/base/number.ts
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import { padLeft, toBigInt } from 'web3-utils';
 import { utils } from 'web3-validator';
 import { DecoderResult, EncoderResult } from '../types.js';
 import { WORD_SIZE } from '../utils.js';
+import { numberLimits } from './numbersLimits.js';
 
 // eslint-disable-next-line no-bitwise
 const mask = BigInt(1) << BigInt(256);
@@ -43,25 +44,6 @@ function uint8ArrayToBigInt(value: Uint8Array, max: bigint): bigint {
 	return result - mask;
 }
 
-const numberLimits = new Map<string, { min: bigint; max: bigint }>();
-
-// precalculate all the limits
-for (let i = 8; i <= 256; i += 8) {
-	numberLimits.set(`uint${i}`, {
-		min: BigInt(0),
-		max: BigInt(2) ** BigInt(i) - BigInt(1),
-	});
-	numberLimits.set(`int${i}`, {
-		min: -(BigInt(2) ** BigInt(i - 1)),
-		max: BigInt(2) ** BigInt(i - 1) - BigInt(1),
-	});
-}
-
-// eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-non-null-assertion
-numberLimits.set(`int`, numberLimits.get('int256')!);
-// eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-non-null-assertion
-numberLimits.set(`uint`, numberLimits.get('uint256')!);
-
 export function encodeNumber(param: AbiParameter, input: unknown): EncoderResult {
 	let value;
 	try {
diff --git a/packages/web3-eth-abi/src/coders/base/numbersLimits.ts b/packages/web3-eth-abi/src/coders/base/numbersLimits.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..29f11462843
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/web3-eth-abi/src/coders/base/numbersLimits.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+/*
+This file is part of web3.js.
+
+web3.js is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+(at your option) any later version.
+
+web3.js is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+along with web3.js.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+*/
+
+/* 
+ * this variable contains the precalculated limits for all the numbers for uint and int types
+*/
+export const numberLimits = new Map<string, { min: bigint; max: bigint }>();
+
+let base = BigInt(256); // 2 ^ 8 = 256
+for (let i = 8; i <= 256; i += 8) {
+	numberLimits.set(`uint${i}`, {
+		min: BigInt(0),
+		max: base - BigInt(1),
+	});
+	numberLimits.set(`int${i}`, {
+		min: -base / BigInt(2),
+		max: base / BigInt(2) - BigInt(1),
+	});
+	base *= BigInt(256);
+}
+
+// eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-non-null-assertion
+numberLimits.set(`int`, numberLimits.get('int256')!);
+// eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-non-null-assertion
+numberLimits.set(`uint`, numberLimits.get('uint256')!);
diff --git a/packages/web3-utils/CHANGELOG.md b/packages/web3-utils/CHANGELOG.md
index 5db90f9426b..c46f98df69f 100644
--- a/packages/web3-utils/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/packages/web3-utils/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -162,4 +162,5 @@ Documentation:
 
 ### Added
 
--   As a replacment of the node EventEmitter, a custom `EventEmitter` has been implemented and exported. (#6398)
+-   As a replacement of the node EventEmitter, a custom `EventEmitter` has been implemented and exported. (#6398)
+-   Fix issue with default config with babel (and React): "TypeError: Cannot convert a BigInt value to a number #6187" (#6506)
diff --git a/packages/web3-utils/src/converters.ts b/packages/web3-utils/src/converters.ts
index eed4e5caa1a..4e5f8592f77 100644
--- a/packages/web3-utils/src/converters.ts
+++ b/packages/web3-utils/src/converters.ts
@@ -38,39 +38,37 @@ import {
 	InvalidUnitError,
 } from 'web3-errors';
 
-const base = BigInt(10);
-const expo10 = (expo: number) => base ** BigInt(expo);
-
 // Ref: https://ethdocs.org/en/latest/ether.html
+// Note: this could be simplified using ** operator, but babel does not handle it well (https://github.com/babel/babel/issues/13109)
 /** @internal */
 export const ethUnitMap = {
-	noether: BigInt('0'),
+	noether: BigInt(0),
 	wei: BigInt(1),
-	kwei: expo10(3),
-	Kwei: expo10(3),
-	babbage: expo10(3),
-	femtoether: expo10(3),
-	mwei: expo10(6),
-	Mwei: expo10(6),
-	lovelace: expo10(6),
-	picoether: expo10(6),
-	gwei: expo10(9),
-	Gwei: expo10(9),
-	shannon: expo10(9),
-	nanoether: expo10(9),
-	nano: expo10(9),
-	szabo: expo10(12),
-	microether: expo10(12),
-	micro: expo10(12),
-	finney: expo10(15),
-	milliether: expo10(15),
-	milli: expo10(15),
-	ether: expo10(18),
-	kether: expo10(21),
-	grand: expo10(21),
-	mether: expo10(24),
-	gether: expo10(27),
-	tether: expo10(30),
+	kwei: BigInt(1000),
+	Kwei: BigInt(1000),
+	babbage: BigInt(1000),
+	femtoether: BigInt(1000),
+	mwei: BigInt(1000000),
+	Mwei: BigInt(1000000),
+	lovelace: BigInt(1000000),
+	picoether: BigInt(1000000),
+	gwei: BigInt(1000000000),
+	Gwei: BigInt(1000000000),
+	shannon: BigInt(1000000000),
+	nanoether: BigInt(1000000000),
+	nano: BigInt(1000000000),
+	szabo: BigInt(1000000000000),
+	microether: BigInt(1000000000000),
+	micro: BigInt(1000000000000),
+	finney: BigInt(1000000000000000),
+	milliether: BigInt(1000000000000000),
+	milli: BigInt(1000000000000000),
+	ether: BigInt('1000000000000000000'),
+	kether: BigInt('1000000000000000000000'),
+	grand: BigInt('1000000000000000000000'),
+	mether: BigInt('1000000000000000000000000'),
+	gether: BigInt('1000000000000000000000000000'),
+	tether: BigInt('1000000000000000000000000000000'),
 };
 
 export type EtherUnits = keyof typeof ethUnitMap;
diff --git a/packages/web3-utils/src/string_manipulation.ts b/packages/web3-utils/src/string_manipulation.ts
index 7719afeba42..b7d0371d0b1 100644
--- a/packages/web3-utils/src/string_manipulation.ts
+++ b/packages/web3-utils/src/string_manipulation.ts
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ along with web3.js.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
 import { Numbers } from 'web3-types';
 import { NibbleWidthError } from 'web3-errors';
-import { isHexStrict, validator, utils as validatorUtils } from 'web3-validator';
+import { isHexStrict, validator, utils as validatorUtils, bigintPower } from 'web3-validator';
 import { numberToHex, toHex, toNumber } from './converters.js';
 
 /**
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ export const toTwosComplement = (value: Numbers, nibbleWidth = 64): string => {
 
 	if (val >= 0) return padLeft(toHex(val), nibbleWidth);
 
-	const largestBit = BigInt(2) ** BigInt(nibbleWidth * 4);
+	const largestBit = bigintPower(BigInt(2), BigInt(nibbleWidth * 4));
 	if (-val >= largestBit) {
 		throw new NibbleWidthError(`value: ${value}, nibbleWidth: ${nibbleWidth}`);
 	}
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ export const fromTwosComplement = (value: Numbers, nibbleWidth = 64): number | b
 	// check the largest bit to see if negative
 	if (nibbleWidth * 4 !== largestBit) return val;
 
-	const complement = BigInt(2) ** (BigInt(nibbleWidth) * BigInt(4));
+	const complement = bigintPower(BigInt(2), BigInt(nibbleWidth) * BigInt(4));
 
 	return toNumber(BigInt(val) - complement);
 };
diff --git a/packages/web3-validator/CHANGELOG.md b/packages/web3-validator/CHANGELOG.md
index fea00e98075..54cfe6080fd 100644
--- a/packages/web3-validator/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/packages/web3-validator/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -151,4 +151,5 @@ Documentation:
 
 ## Fixed
 
--   Multi-dimensional arrays are now handled properly when parsing ABIs
+-   Multi-dimensional arrays are now handled properly when parsing ABIs (#6435)
+-   Fix issue with default config with babel (and React): "TypeError: Cannot convert a BigInt value to a number #6187" (#6506)
diff --git a/packages/web3-validator/src/validation/numbers.ts b/packages/web3-validator/src/validation/numbers.ts
index 5ad606a5fe2..276fb84dd1e 100644
--- a/packages/web3-validator/src/validation/numbers.ts
+++ b/packages/web3-validator/src/validation/numbers.ts
@@ -24,6 +24,17 @@ import { isHexStrict } from './string.js';
  */
 export const isBigInt = (value: ValidInputTypes): boolean => typeof value === 'bigint';
 
+// Note: this could be simplified using ** operator, but babel does not handle it well
+// 	you can find more at: https://github.com/babel/babel/issues/13109 and https://github.com/web3/web3.js/issues/6187
+/** @internal */
+export const bigintPower = (base: bigint, expo: bigint) => {
+	let res = base;
+	for (let index = 1; index < expo; index += 1) {
+		res *= base;
+	}
+	return res;
+};
+
 export const isUInt = (
 	value: ValidInputTypes,
 	options: { abiType: string; bitSize?: never } | { bitSize: number; abiType?: never } = {
@@ -49,7 +60,7 @@ export const isUInt = (
 		size = options.bitSize;
 	}
 
-	const maxSize = BigInt(2) ** BigInt(size ?? 256) - BigInt(1);
+	const maxSize = bigintPower(BigInt(2), BigInt(size ?? 256)) - BigInt(1);
 
 	try {
 		const valueToCheck =
@@ -94,8 +105,8 @@ export const isInt = (
 		size = options.bitSize;
 	}
 
-	const maxSize = BigInt(2) ** BigInt((size ?? 256) - 1);
-	const minSize = BigInt(-1) * BigInt(2) ** BigInt((size ?? 256) - 1);
+	const maxSize = bigintPower(BigInt(2), BigInt((size ?? 256) - 1));
+	const minSize = BigInt(-1) * bigintPower(BigInt(2), BigInt((size ?? 256) - 1));
 
 	try {
 		const valueToCheck =