diff --git a/apps/_documentation/static/en/.buildinfo b/apps/_documentation/static/en/.buildinfo
index 4ffd52044..7d9eca350 100644
--- a/apps/_documentation/static/en/.buildinfo
+++ b/apps/_documentation/static/en/.buildinfo
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 # Sphinx build info version 1
 # This file hashes the configuration used when building these files. When it is not found, a full rebuild will be done.
-config: 6caf0f7db59c0515710115373bfa6456
+config: 154aa256a0dfceb4c55d272ea1758345
 tags: 645f666f9bcd5a90fca523b33c5a78b7
diff --git a/apps/_documentation/static/en/_static/basic.css b/apps/_documentation/static/en/_static/basic.css
index 7577acb1a..30fee9d0f 100644
--- a/apps/_documentation/static/en/_static/basic.css
+++ b/apps/_documentation/static/en/_static/basic.css
@@ -237,6 +237,10 @@ a.headerlink {
     visibility: hidden;
 }
 
+a:visited {
+    color: #551A8B;
+}
+
 h1:hover > a.headerlink,
 h2:hover > a.headerlink,
 h3:hover > a.headerlink,
@@ -670,6 +674,16 @@ dd {
     margin-left: 30px;
 }
 
+.sig dd {
+    margin-top: 0px;
+    margin-bottom: 0px;
+}
+
+.sig dl {
+    margin-top: 0px;
+    margin-bottom: 0px;
+}
+
 dl > dd:last-child,
 dl > dd:last-child > :last-child {
     margin-bottom: 0;
@@ -738,6 +752,14 @@ abbr, acronym {
     cursor: help;
 }
 
+.translated {
+    background-color: rgba(207, 255, 207, 0.2)
+}
+
+.untranslated {
+    background-color: rgba(255, 207, 207, 0.2)
+}
+
 /* -- code displays --------------------------------------------------------- */
 
 pre {
diff --git a/apps/_documentation/static/en/_static/css/theme.css b/apps/_documentation/static/en/_static/css/theme.css
index c03c88f06..19a446a0e 100644
--- a/apps/_documentation/static/en/_static/css/theme.css
+++ b/apps/_documentation/static/en/_static/css/theme.css
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diff --git a/apps/_documentation/static/en/_static/documentation_options.js b/apps/_documentation/static/en/_static/documentation_options.js
index 593eb28e9..ebf92ac71 100644
--- a/apps/_documentation/static/en/_static/documentation_options.js
+++ b/apps/_documentation/static/en/_static/documentation_options.js
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
-var DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = {
-    URL_ROOT: document.getElementById("documentation_options").getAttribute('data-url_root'),
-    VERSION: '1.20230507.1',
+const DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = {
+    VERSION: '1.20230718.1',
     LANGUAGE: 'en',
     COLLAPSE_INDEX: false,
     BUILDER: 'html',
diff --git a/apps/_documentation/static/en/_static/pygments.css b/apps/_documentation/static/en/_static/pygments.css
index 08bec689d..84ab3030a 100644
--- a/apps/_documentation/static/en/_static/pygments.css
+++ b/apps/_documentation/static/en/_static/pygments.css
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ span.linenos.special { color: #000000; background-color: #ffffc0; padding-left:
 .highlight .cs { color: #3D7B7B; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Special */
 .highlight .gd { color: #A00000 } /* Generic.Deleted */
 .highlight .ge { font-style: italic } /* Generic.Emph */
+.highlight .ges { font-weight: bold; font-style: italic } /* Generic.EmphStrong */
 .highlight .gr { color: #E40000 } /* Generic.Error */
 .highlight .gh { color: #000080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Heading */
 .highlight .gi { color: #008400 } /* Generic.Inserted */
diff --git a/apps/_documentation/static/en/_static/searchtools.js b/apps/_documentation/static/en/_static/searchtools.js
index 97d56a74d..7918c3fab 100644
--- a/apps/_documentation/static/en/_static/searchtools.js
+++ b/apps/_documentation/static/en/_static/searchtools.js
@@ -57,12 +57,12 @@ const _removeChildren = (element) => {
 const _escapeRegExp = (string) =>
   string.replace(/[.*+\-?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, "\\$&"); // $& means the whole matched string
 
-const _displayItem = (item, searchTerms) => {
+const _displayItem = (item, searchTerms, highlightTerms) => {
   const docBuilder = DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.BUILDER;
-  const docUrlRoot = DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.URL_ROOT;
   const docFileSuffix = DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.FILE_SUFFIX;
   const docLinkSuffix = DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.LINK_SUFFIX;
   const showSearchSummary = DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.SHOW_SEARCH_SUMMARY;
+  const contentRoot = document.documentElement.dataset.content_root;
 
   const [docName, title, anchor, descr, score, _filename] = item;
 
@@ -75,20 +75,24 @@ const _displayItem = (item, searchTerms) => {
     if (dirname.match(/\/index\/$/))
       dirname = dirname.substring(0, dirname.length - 6);
     else if (dirname === "index/") dirname = "";
-    requestUrl = docUrlRoot + dirname;
+    requestUrl = contentRoot + dirname;
     linkUrl = requestUrl;
   } else {
     // normal html builders
-    requestUrl = docUrlRoot + docName + docFileSuffix;
+    requestUrl = contentRoot + docName + docFileSuffix;
     linkUrl = docName + docLinkSuffix;
   }
   let linkEl = listItem.appendChild(document.createElement("a"));
   linkEl.href = linkUrl + anchor;
   linkEl.dataset.score = score;
   linkEl.innerHTML = title;
-  if (descr)
+  if (descr) {
     listItem.appendChild(document.createElement("span")).innerHTML =
       " (" + descr + ")";
+    // highlight search terms in the description
+    if (SPHINX_HIGHLIGHT_ENABLED)  // set in sphinx_highlight.js
+      highlightTerms.forEach((term) => _highlightText(listItem, term, "highlighted"));
+  }
   else if (showSearchSummary)
     fetch(requestUrl)
       .then((responseData) => responseData.text())
@@ -97,6 +101,9 @@ const _displayItem = (item, searchTerms) => {
           listItem.appendChild(
             Search.makeSearchSummary(data, searchTerms)
           );
+        // highlight search terms in the summary
+        if (SPHINX_HIGHLIGHT_ENABLED)  // set in sphinx_highlight.js
+          highlightTerms.forEach((term) => _highlightText(listItem, term, "highlighted"));
       });
   Search.output.appendChild(listItem);
 };
@@ -115,14 +122,15 @@ const _finishSearch = (resultCount) => {
 const _displayNextItem = (
   results,
   resultCount,
-  searchTerms
+  searchTerms,
+  highlightTerms,
 ) => {
   // results left, load the summary and display it
   // this is intended to be dynamic (don't sub resultsCount)
   if (results.length) {
-    _displayItem(results.pop(), searchTerms);
+    _displayItem(results.pop(), searchTerms, highlightTerms);
     setTimeout(
-      () => _displayNextItem(results, resultCount, searchTerms),
+      () => _displayNextItem(results, resultCount, searchTerms, highlightTerms),
       5
     );
   }
@@ -360,7 +368,7 @@ const Search = {
     // console.info("search results:", Search.lastresults);
 
     // print the results
-    _displayNextItem(results, results.length, searchTerms);
+    _displayNextItem(results, results.length, searchTerms, highlightTerms);
   },
 
   /**
diff --git a/apps/_documentation/static/en/chapter-01.html b/apps/_documentation/static/en/chapter-01.html
index a26806cb1..4d145a25c 100644
--- a/apps/_documentation/static/en/chapter-01.html
+++ b/apps/_documentation/static/en/chapter-01.html
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html class="writer-html5" lang="en" >
 <head>
-  <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.19: https://docutils.sourceforge.io/" />
+  <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.18.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" />
 
   <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
-  <title>What is py4web? &mdash; py4web 1.20230507.1 documentation</title>
+  <title>What is py4web? &mdash; py4web 1.20230718.1 documentation</title>
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" />
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/css/theme.css" type="text/css" />
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/tabs.css" type="text/css" />
@@ -14,12 +14,12 @@
     <script src="_static/js/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
   <![endif]-->
   
-        <script src="_static/jquery.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js"></script>
-        <script data-url_root="./" id="documentation_options" src="_static/documentation_options.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/doctools.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/js/toggle.js"></script>
+        <script src="_static/jquery.js?v=5d32c60e"></script>
+        <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js?v=2cd50e6c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/documentation_options.js?v=4c9c9fab"></script>
+        <script src="_static/doctools.js?v=888ff710"></script>
+        <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js?v=dc90522c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/js/toggle.js?v=e1b5a5a1"></script>
     <script src="_static/js/theme.js"></script>
     <link rel="index" title="Index" href="genindex.html" />
     <link rel="search" title="Search" href="search.html" />
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
               <img src="_static/logo.png" class="logo" alt="Logo"/>
           </a>
               <div class="version">
-                1.20230507.1
+                1.20230718.1
               </div>
 <div role="search">
   <form id="rtd-search-form" class="wy-form" action="search.html" method="get">
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@
            <div itemprop="articleBody">
              
   <section id="what-is-py4web">
-<h1>What is py4web?<a class="headerlink" href="#what-is-py4web" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h1>
+<h1>What is py4web?<a class="headerlink" href="#what-is-py4web" title="Link to this heading"></a></h1>
 <p>PY4WEB is a web framework for rapid development of efficient database
 driven web applications. It is an evolution of the popular web2py
 framework, but much faster and slicker. Its internal design has been much
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ <h1>What is py4web?<a class="headerlink" href="#what-is-py4web" title="Permalink
 development easy and accessible, while producing applications that are
 fast and secure.</p>
 <section id="acknowledgments">
-<h2>Acknowledgments<a class="headerlink" href="#acknowledgments" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Acknowledgments<a class="headerlink" href="#acknowledgments" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>Many thanks to everyone who has contributed to the project, and especially:</p>
 <ul class="simple">
 <li><p><a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/mdipierro">Massimo Di Pierro</a></p></li>
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ <h2>Acknowledgments<a class="headerlink" href="#acknowledgments" title="Permalin
      <label for="switch"></label>
      </span>
       
-      v: 1.20230507.1
+      v: 1.20230718.1
       <span class="fa fa-caret-down"></span>
     </span>
     <div class="rst-other-versions">
diff --git a/apps/_documentation/static/en/chapter-02.html b/apps/_documentation/static/en/chapter-02.html
index 6b5fbc96f..462785009 100644
--- a/apps/_documentation/static/en/chapter-02.html
+++ b/apps/_documentation/static/en/chapter-02.html
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html class="writer-html5" lang="en" >
 <head>
-  <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.19: https://docutils.sourceforge.io/" />
+  <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.18.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" />
 
   <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
-  <title>Help, resources and hints &mdash; py4web 1.20230507.1 documentation</title>
+  <title>Help, resources and hints &mdash; py4web 1.20230718.1 documentation</title>
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" />
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/css/theme.css" type="text/css" />
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/tabs.css" type="text/css" />
@@ -14,12 +14,12 @@
     <script src="_static/js/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
   <![endif]-->
   
-        <script src="_static/jquery.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js"></script>
-        <script data-url_root="./" id="documentation_options" src="_static/documentation_options.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/doctools.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/js/toggle.js"></script>
+        <script src="_static/jquery.js?v=5d32c60e"></script>
+        <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js?v=2cd50e6c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/documentation_options.js?v=4c9c9fab"></script>
+        <script src="_static/doctools.js?v=888ff710"></script>
+        <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js?v=dc90522c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/js/toggle.js?v=e1b5a5a1"></script>
     <script src="_static/js/theme.js"></script>
     <link rel="index" title="Index" href="genindex.html" />
     <link rel="search" title="Search" href="search.html" />
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
               <img src="_static/logo.png" class="logo" alt="Logo"/>
           </a>
               <div class="version">
-                1.20230507.1
+                1.20230718.1
               </div>
 <div role="search">
   <form id="rtd-search-form" class="wy-form" action="search.html" method="get">
@@ -113,26 +113,26 @@
            <div itemprop="articleBody">
              
   <section id="help-resources-and-hints">
-<h1>Help, resources and hints<a class="headerlink" href="#help-resources-and-hints" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h1>
+<h1>Help, resources and hints<a class="headerlink" href="#help-resources-and-hints" title="Link to this heading"></a></h1>
 <p>We’ve made our best to make PY4WEB simple and clean. But you know, modern web programming is a daunting task. It requires an open mind, able to
 jump frequently (without being lost!) from python to HTML to javascript to css and even database management.
 But don’t be scared, in this manual we’ll assist you side by side in this journey. And there are many other valuable resources that we’re going to show you.</p>
 <section id="resources">
-<h2>Resources<a class="headerlink" href="#resources" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Resources<a class="headerlink" href="#resources" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <section id="this-manual">
-<h3>This manual<a class="headerlink" href="#this-manual" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>This manual<a class="headerlink" href="#this-manual" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>This manual is the Reference Manual for py4web. It’s available online at <a class="reference external" href="https://py4web.com/_documentation/static/index.html">https://py4web.com/_documentation/static/index.html</a>, where you’ll also find the PDF and EBOOK version, in multiple languages. It written in RestructuredText and generated using Sphinx.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="the-google-group">
-<h3>The Google group<a class="headerlink" href="#the-google-group" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>The Google group<a class="headerlink" href="#the-google-group" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>There is a dedicated mailing list hosted on Google Groups, see <a class="reference external" href="https://groups.google.com/g/py4web">https://groups.google.com/g/py4web</a>. This is the main source of discussions for developers and simple users. For any problem you should face, this is the right place to search for a hint or a solution.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="the-discord-server">
-<h3>The Discord server<a class="headerlink" href="#the-discord-server" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>The Discord server<a class="headerlink" href="#the-discord-server" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>For quick questions and chats you can also use the free <a class="reference external" href="https://discord.gg/xCzQ9KTk3W">Discord server dedicated to py4web</a>. You could usually find many py4web developers hanging out in the channel.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="tutorials-and-video">
-<h3>Tutorials and video<a class="headerlink" href="#tutorials-and-video" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Tutorials and video<a class="headerlink" href="#tutorials-and-video" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>There are many tutorials and videos available. Here are some of them:</p>
 <ul class="simple">
 <li><p>the <a class="reference external" href="https://learn-py4web.github.io">Learn Py4Web site</a> by Luca de Alfaro (with lots of excellent training videos)</p></li>
@@ -143,21 +143,21 @@ <h3>Tutorials and video<a class="headerlink" href="#tutorials-and-video" title="
 </ul>
 </section>
 <section id="the-sources-on-github">
-<h3>The sources on GitHub<a class="headerlink" href="#the-sources-on-github" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>The sources on GitHub<a class="headerlink" href="#the-sources-on-github" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Last but not least, py4web is Open Source, with a BSD v3 license, hosted on GitHub at <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/web2py/py4web">https://github.com/web2py/py4web</a>. This means that you can read, study and experiment
 with all of its internal details by yourself.</p>
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="hints-and-tips">
-<h2>Hints and tips<a class="headerlink" href="#hints-and-tips" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Hints and tips<a class="headerlink" href="#hints-and-tips" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>This paragraph is dedicated to preliminary hints, suggestions and tips that could be helpful to know before starting to learn py4web.</p>
 <section id="prerequisites">
-<h3>Prerequisites<a class="headerlink" href="#prerequisites" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Prerequisites<a class="headerlink" href="#prerequisites" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>In order to understand py4web you need at least a basic python knowledge. There are many books, courses and tutorials available on the web - choose what’s best for you.
 The python’s decorators, in particular, are a milestone of any python web framework and you have to fully understand it.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="a-modern-python-workplace">
-<h3>A modern python workplace<a class="headerlink" href="#a-modern-python-workplace" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>A modern python workplace<a class="headerlink" href="#a-modern-python-workplace" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>In the following chapters you will start coding on your computer. We suggest you to setup a modern python workplace if you plan to do it efficiently and safely.
 Even for running simple examples and experimenting a little, we strongly suggest to use an <strong>Integrated Development Environment</strong> (IDE). This will make your programming experience much better, allowing syntax checking, linting and visual debugging.
 Nowadays there are two free and multi-platform main choices: Microsoft Visual Studio Code aka <a class="reference external" href="https://code.visualstudio.com/">VScode</a> and
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ <h3>A modern python workplace<a class="headerlink" href="#a-modern-python-workpl
 </ul>
 </section>
 <section id="debugging-py4web-with-vscode">
-<h3>Debugging py4web with VScode<a class="headerlink" href="#debugging-py4web-with-vscode" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Debugging py4web with VScode<a class="headerlink" href="#debugging-py4web-with-vscode" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>It’s quite simple to run and debug py4web within VScode.</p>
 <p>If you have <strong>installed py4web from source</strong>, you just need to open the main py4web folder (not the apps folder!) with VScode and add:</p>
 <div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>&quot;args&quot;: [&quot;run&quot;, &quot;apps&quot;],
@@ -209,12 +209,12 @@ <h3>Debugging py4web with VScode<a class="headerlink" href="#debugging-py4web-wi
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="debugging-py4web-with-pycharm">
-<h3>Debugging py4web with PyCharm<a class="headerlink" href="#debugging-py4web-with-pycharm" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Debugging py4web with PyCharm<a class="headerlink" href="#debugging-py4web-with-pycharm" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>In PyCharm, if you should get gevent errors you need to enable Settings | Build, Execution, Deployment | Python Debugger | Gevent compatible.</p>
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="how-to-contribute">
-<h2>How to contribute<a class="headerlink" href="#how-to-contribute" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>How to contribute<a class="headerlink" href="#how-to-contribute" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>We need help from everyone: support our efforts! You can just participate in the Google group trying to answer other’s questions, submit bugs using or create pull requests on the GitHub
 repository.</p>
 <p>If you wish to correct and expand this manual, or even translate it in a new foreign language, you can read all the needed information directly on the
@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ <h2>How to contribute<a class="headerlink" href="#how-to-contribute" title="Perm
      <label for="switch"></label>
      </span>
       
-      v: 1.20230507.1
+      v: 1.20230718.1
       <span class="fa fa-caret-down"></span>
     </span>
     <div class="rst-other-versions">
diff --git a/apps/_documentation/static/en/chapter-03.html b/apps/_documentation/static/en/chapter-03.html
index d0dcc190a..c15bd13af 100644
--- a/apps/_documentation/static/en/chapter-03.html
+++ b/apps/_documentation/static/en/chapter-03.html
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html class="writer-html5" lang="en" >
 <head>
-  <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.19: https://docutils.sourceforge.io/" />
+  <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.18.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" />
 
   <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
-  <title>Installation and Startup &mdash; py4web 1.20230507.1 documentation</title>
+  <title>Installation and Startup &mdash; py4web 1.20230718.1 documentation</title>
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" />
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/css/theme.css" type="text/css" />
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/tabs.css" type="text/css" />
@@ -14,13 +14,13 @@
     <script src="_static/js/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
   <![endif]-->
   
-        <script src="_static/jquery.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js"></script>
-        <script data-url_root="./" id="documentation_options" src="_static/documentation_options.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/doctools.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/tabs.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/js/toggle.js"></script>
+        <script src="_static/jquery.js?v=5d32c60e"></script>
+        <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js?v=2cd50e6c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/documentation_options.js?v=4c9c9fab"></script>
+        <script src="_static/doctools.js?v=888ff710"></script>
+        <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js?v=dc90522c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/tabs.js?v=3030b3cb"></script>
+        <script src="_static/js/toggle.js?v=e1b5a5a1"></script>
     <script src="_static/js/theme.js"></script>
     <link rel="index" title="Index" href="genindex.html" />
     <link rel="search" title="Search" href="search.html" />
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
               <img src="_static/logo.png" class="logo" alt="Logo"/>
           </a>
               <div class="version">
-                1.20230507.1
+                1.20230718.1
               </div>
 <div role="search">
   <form id="rtd-search-form" class="wy-form" action="search.html" method="get">
@@ -129,9 +129,9 @@
            <div itemprop="articleBody">
              
   <section id="installation-and-startup">
-<h1>Installation and Startup<a class="headerlink" href="#installation-and-startup" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h1>
+<h1>Installation and Startup<a class="headerlink" href="#installation-and-startup" title="Link to this heading"></a></h1>
 <section id="understanding-the-design">
-<h2>Understanding the design<a class="headerlink" href="#understanding-the-design" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Understanding the design<a class="headerlink" href="#understanding-the-design" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>Before everything else it is important to understand that unlike other web frameworks,
 is not only a python module that can be imported by apps. It is also a program that
 is in charge of starting some apps. For this reason you need two things:</p>
@@ -146,16 +146,16 @@ <h2>Understanding the design<a class="headerlink" href="#understanding-the-desig
 An apps folder is a python module, and each app is also a python module.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="supported-platforms-and-prerequisites">
-<h2>Supported platforms and prerequisites<a class="headerlink" href="#supported-platforms-and-prerequisites" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Supported platforms and prerequisites<a class="headerlink" href="#supported-platforms-and-prerequisites" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>PY4WEB runs fine on Windows, MacOS and Linux. Its only prerequisite is
 Python 3.7+, which must be installed in advance (except if you use binaries).</p>
 </section>
 <section id="setup-procedures">
-<h2>Setup procedures<a class="headerlink" href="#setup-procedures" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Setup procedures<a class="headerlink" href="#setup-procedures" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>There are four alternative ways of running py4web, with different level
 of difficulty and flexibility. Let’s look at the pros and cons.</p>
 <section id="installing-from-binaries">
-<h3>Installing from binaries<a class="headerlink" href="#installing-from-binaries" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Installing from binaries<a class="headerlink" href="#installing-from-binaries" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>This is not a real installation, because you just copy a bunch of files
 on your system without modifying it anyhow. Hence this is the simplest
 solution, especially for newbies or students, because it does not
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ <h3>Installing from binaries<a class="headerlink" href="#installing-from-binarie
 keep them up to date.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="installing-from-pip">
-<h3>Installing from pip<a class="headerlink" href="#installing-from-pip" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Installing from pip<a class="headerlink" href="#installing-from-pip" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Using <em>pip</em> is the standard installation procedure for py4web, since it will
 quickly install the latest stable release of py4web.</p>
 <p>From the command line</p>
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ <h3>Installing from pip<a class="headerlink" href="#installing-from-pip" title="
 <em>–user</em> option by mistake.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="installing-using-a-virtual-environment">
-<h3>Installing using a virtual environment<a class="headerlink" href="#installing-using-a-virtual-environment" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Installing using a virtual environment<a class="headerlink" href="#installing-using-a-virtual-environment" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>A full installation of any complex python application like py4web will
 surely modify the python environment of your system. In order to prevent
 any unwanted change, it’s a good habit to use a python virtual
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ <h3>Installing using a virtual environment<a class="headerlink" href="#installin
 <p>The instructions for starting and running py4web are the same with or without a virtual environment.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="installing-from-source-globally">
-<h3>Installing from source (globally)<a class="headerlink" href="#installing-from-source-globally" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Installing from source (globally)<a class="headerlink" href="#installing-from-source-globally" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>This is the traditional way for installing a program, but it works only
 on Linux and MacOS (Windows does not normally support the <cite>make</cite> utility).
 All the requirements will be installed on the
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ <h3>Installing from source (globally)<a class="headerlink" href="#installing-fro
 <p>Notice that you also (and should) install py4web from source inside a virtual environment.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="installing-from-source-locally">
-<h3>Installing from source (locally)<a class="headerlink" href="#installing-from-source-locally" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Installing from source (locally)<a class="headerlink" href="#installing-from-source-locally" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>In this way all the requirements will be installed or upgraded on the
 system’s path, but py4web itself will only be copied
 on a local folder. This is especially useful if you already have a
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ <h3>Installing from source (locally)<a class="headerlink" href="#installing-from
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="upgrading">
-<h2>Upgrading<a class="headerlink" href="#upgrading" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Upgrading<a class="headerlink" href="#upgrading" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>If you installed py4web from pip you can simple upgrade it with</p>
 <div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>python3 -m pip install --upgrade py4web
 </pre></div>
@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ <h2>Upgrading<a class="headerlink" href="#upgrading" title="Permalink to this he
 again.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="first-run">
-<h2>First run<a class="headerlink" href="#first-run" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>First run<a class="headerlink" href="#first-run" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>Running py4web using any of the previous procedure should produce an
 output like this:</p>
 <div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>py4web run apps
@@ -339,7 +339,7 @@ <h2>First run<a class="headerlink" href="#first-run" title="Permalink to this he
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="command-line-options">
-<h2>Command line options<a class="headerlink" href="#command-line-options" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Command line options<a class="headerlink" href="#command-line-options" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>py4web provides multiple command line options which can be listed by
 running it without any argument</p>
 <div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span># py4web
@@ -349,7 +349,7 @@ <h2>Command line options<a class="headerlink" href="#command-line-options" title
 <p>You can have additional help for a specific command line option by running it
 with the <strong>–help</strong> or <strong>-h</strong> argument.</p>
 <section id="call-command-option">
-<span id="id1"></span><h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">call</span></code> command option<a class="headerlink" href="#call-command-option" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<span id="id1"></span><h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">call</span></code> command option<a class="headerlink" href="#call-command-option" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span># py4web call -h
 Usage: py4web.py call [OPTIONS] APPS_FOLDER FUNC
 
@@ -370,7 +370,7 @@ <h2>Command line options<a class="headerlink" href="#command-line-options" title
 work.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="new-app-command-option">
-<span id="id2"></span><h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">new_app</span></code> command option<a class="headerlink" href="#new-app-command-option" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<span id="id2"></span><h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">new_app</span></code> command option<a class="headerlink" href="#new-app-command-option" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span># py4web new_app -h
 Usage: py4web.py new_app [OPTIONS] APPS_FOLDER APP_NAME
 
@@ -388,7 +388,7 @@ <h2>Command line options<a class="headerlink" href="#command-line-options" title
 (locally), because they miss the asset zip file.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="run-command-option">
-<span id="id3"></span><h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">run</span></code> command option<a class="headerlink" href="#run-command-option" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<span id="id3"></span><h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">run</span></code> command option<a class="headerlink" href="#run-command-option" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span># py4web run -h
 Usage: py4web.py run [OPTIONS] APPS_FOLDER
 
@@ -446,7 +446,7 @@ <h2>Command line options<a class="headerlink" href="#command-line-options" title
 a session is found, invalid, saved.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="set-password-command-option">
-<span id="id4"></span><h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">set_password</span></code> command option<a class="headerlink" href="#set-password-command-option" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<span id="id4"></span><h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">set_password</span></code> command option<a class="headerlink" href="#set-password-command-option" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span># py4web set_password -h
 Usage: py4web.py set_password [OPTIONS]
 
@@ -483,7 +483,7 @@ <h2>Command line options<a class="headerlink" href="#command-line-options" title
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="setup-command-option">
-<span id="id5"></span><h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setup</span></code> command option<a class="headerlink" href="#setup-command-option" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<span id="id5"></span><h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setup</span></code> command option<a class="headerlink" href="#setup-command-option" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span># py4web setup -h
 Usage: py4web.py setup [OPTIONS] APPS_FOLDER
 
@@ -502,7 +502,7 @@ <h2>Command line options<a class="headerlink" href="#command-line-options" title
 the new one.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="shell-command-option">
-<span id="id6"></span><h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">shell</span></code> command option<a class="headerlink" href="#shell-command-option" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<span id="id6"></span><h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">shell</span></code> command option<a class="headerlink" href="#shell-command-option" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span># py4web shell -h
 Usage: py4web.py shell [OPTIONS] APPS_FOLDER
 
@@ -525,7 +525,7 @@ <h2>Command line options<a class="headerlink" href="#command-line-options" title
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="version-command-option">
-<span id="id7"></span><h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">version</span></code> command option<a class="headerlink" href="#version-command-option" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<span id="id7"></span><h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">version</span></code> command option<a class="headerlink" href="#version-command-option" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span># py4web version -h
 Usage: py4web.py version [OPTIONS]
 
@@ -541,13 +541,13 @@ <h2>Command line options<a class="headerlink" href="#command-line-options" title
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="special-installations">
-<h2>Special installations<a class="headerlink" href="#special-installations" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Special installations<a class="headerlink" href="#special-installations" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>There are special cases in which you cannot or don’t want to use one of the generic installation
 instructions we’ve already described. There is a special folder called <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">deployment_tools</span></code> in
 the py4web repository that collects some special recipes. They are briefly described here, along
 with some tips and tricks.</p>
 <section id="https">
-<h3>HTTPS<a class="headerlink" href="#https" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>HTTPS<a class="headerlink" href="#https" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>To use https with the build-in web server (Rocket3) these are the steps:</p>
 <ul>
 <li><p>Generate the localhost certificates. For example followed the instructions here:</p>
@@ -578,7 +578,7 @@ <h3>HTTPS<a class="headerlink" href="#https" title="Permalink to this heading">
 <p>Notice that /path_to/ should be the absolute path to the location of your certificate.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="wsgi">
-<h3>WSGI<a class="headerlink" href="#wsgi" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>WSGI<a class="headerlink" href="#wsgi" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>py4web is a standard WSGI application. So, if a full program installation it’s not
 feasible you can simply run py4web as a WSGI app. For example, using gunicorn-cli,
 create a python file:</p>
@@ -594,7 +594,7 @@ <h3>WSGI<a class="headerlink" href="#wsgi" title="Permalink to this heading">
 <p>The wsgi function takes arguments with the same name as the command line arguments.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="deployment-on-gcloud-aka-gae-google-app-engine">
-<h3>Deployment on GCloud (aka GAE - Google App Engine)<a class="headerlink" href="#deployment-on-gcloud-aka-gae-google-app-engine" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Deployment on GCloud (aka GAE - Google App Engine)<a class="headerlink" href="#deployment-on-gcloud-aka-gae-google-app-engine" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Login into the <a class="reference external" href="https://console.cloud.google.com/">Gcloud console</a> and
 create a new project. You will obtain a project id that looks like
 “{project_name}-{number}”.</p>
@@ -638,21 +638,21 @@ <h3>Deployment on GCloud (aka GAE - Google App Engine)<a class="headerlink" href
 You should not need to edit <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">main.py</span></code>.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="deployment-on-pythonanywhere-com">
-<h3>Deployment on PythonAnywhere.com<a class="headerlink" href="#deployment-on-pythonanywhere-com" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Deployment on PythonAnywhere.com<a class="headerlink" href="#deployment-on-pythonanywhere-com" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Watch the <a class="reference external" href="https://youtu.be/Wxjl_vkLAEY">YouTube video</a> and follow the <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/tomcam/py4webcasts/blob/master/docs/how-install-source-pythonanywhere.md">detailed
 tutorial</a>
 . The bottle_app.py script is in
 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">py4web/deployment_tools/pythonanywhere.com/bottle_app.py</span></code></p>
 </section>
 <section id="deployment-on-docker-podman">
-<h3>Deployment on Docker/Podman<a class="headerlink" href="#deployment-on-docker-podman" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Deployment on Docker/Podman<a class="headerlink" href="#deployment-on-docker-podman" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>On <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">deployment_tools/docker</span></code> there is a simple Dockerfile for quickly running a py4web container. There is also
 a docker-compose.yml file for setting up a more complex multi-container with PostgreSQL.</p>
 <p>Note that you can use them also with Podman, which has the advantage of does not requiring sudo and does not
 running any background daemon.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="deployment-on-ubuntu">
-<h3>Deployment on Ubuntu<a class="headerlink" href="#deployment-on-ubuntu" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Deployment on Ubuntu<a class="headerlink" href="#deployment-on-ubuntu" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>On <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">deployment_tools/ubuntu</span></code> there is a bash script tested with Ubuntu Server 20.04.03 LTS. It uses nginx and self-signed
 certificates. It optionally manage iptables, too.</p>
 </section>
@@ -695,7 +695,7 @@ <h3>Deployment on Ubuntu<a class="headerlink" href="#deployment-on-ubuntu" title
      <label for="switch"></label>
      </span>
       
-      v: 1.20230507.1
+      v: 1.20230718.1
       <span class="fa fa-caret-down"></span>
     </span>
     <div class="rst-other-versions">
diff --git a/apps/_documentation/static/en/chapter-04.html b/apps/_documentation/static/en/chapter-04.html
index a5683c28c..9cf552219 100644
--- a/apps/_documentation/static/en/chapter-04.html
+++ b/apps/_documentation/static/en/chapter-04.html
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html class="writer-html5" lang="en" >
 <head>
-  <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.19: https://docutils.sourceforge.io/" />
+  <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.18.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" />
 
   <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
-  <title>The Dashboard &mdash; py4web 1.20230507.1 documentation</title>
+  <title>The Dashboard &mdash; py4web 1.20230718.1 documentation</title>
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" />
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/css/theme.css" type="text/css" />
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/tabs.css" type="text/css" />
@@ -14,12 +14,12 @@
     <script src="_static/js/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
   <![endif]-->
   
-        <script src="_static/jquery.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js"></script>
-        <script data-url_root="./" id="documentation_options" src="_static/documentation_options.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/doctools.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/js/toggle.js"></script>
+        <script src="_static/jquery.js?v=5d32c60e"></script>
+        <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js?v=2cd50e6c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/documentation_options.js?v=4c9c9fab"></script>
+        <script src="_static/doctools.js?v=888ff710"></script>
+        <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js?v=dc90522c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/js/toggle.js?v=e1b5a5a1"></script>
     <script src="_static/js/theme.js"></script>
     <link rel="index" title="Index" href="genindex.html" />
     <link rel="search" title="Search" href="search.html" />
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
               <img src="_static/logo.png" class="logo" alt="Logo"/>
           </a>
               <div class="version">
-                1.20230507.1
+                1.20230718.1
               </div>
 <div role="search">
   <form id="rtd-search-form" class="wy-form" action="search.html" method="get">
@@ -99,13 +99,13 @@
            <div itemprop="articleBody">
              
   <section id="the-dashboard">
-<h1>The Dashboard<a class="headerlink" href="#the-dashboard" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h1>
+<h1>The Dashboard<a class="headerlink" href="#the-dashboard" title="Link to this heading"></a></h1>
 <p>The Dashboard is the standard web based IDE; you will surely use it
 extensively to manage the applications and check your databases.
 Looking at its interface is a good way to start exploring py4web and
 its components.</p>
 <section id="the-main-web-page">
-<h2>The main Web page<a class="headerlink" href="#the-main-web-page" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>The main Web page<a class="headerlink" href="#the-main-web-page" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>When you run the standard py4web program, it starts a web server with a
 main web page listening on <a class="reference external" href="http://127.0.0.1:8000">http://127.0.0.1:8000</a> (which means that it is
 listening on the TCP port 8000 on your local PC, using the HTTP protocol).</p>
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ <h2>The main Web page<a class="headerlink" href="#the-main-web-page" title="Perm
 </ul>
 </section>
 <section id="login-into-the-dashboard">
-<h2>Login into the Dashboard<a class="headerlink" href="#login-into-the-dashboard" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Login into the Dashboard<a class="headerlink" href="#login-into-the-dashboard" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>Pressing the Dashboard button will forward you to the Dashboard login.
 Here you must insert the password that you’ve already setup (see
 <a class="reference internal" href="chapter-03.html#set-password-command-option"><span class="std std-ref">set_password command option</span></a>).
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ <h2>Login into the Dashboard<a class="headerlink" href="#login-into-the-dashboar
      <label for="switch"></label>
      </span>
       
-      v: 1.20230507.1
+      v: 1.20230718.1
       <span class="fa fa-caret-down"></span>
     </span>
     <div class="rst-other-versions">
diff --git a/apps/_documentation/static/en/chapter-05.html b/apps/_documentation/static/en/chapter-05.html
index fbe9496de..226f83e75 100644
--- a/apps/_documentation/static/en/chapter-05.html
+++ b/apps/_documentation/static/en/chapter-05.html
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html class="writer-html5" lang="en" >
 <head>
-  <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.19: https://docutils.sourceforge.io/" />
+  <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.18.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" />
 
   <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
-  <title>Creating your first app &mdash; py4web 1.20230507.1 documentation</title>
+  <title>Creating your first app &mdash; py4web 1.20230718.1 documentation</title>
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" />
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/css/theme.css" type="text/css" />
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/tabs.css" type="text/css" />
@@ -14,12 +14,12 @@
     <script src="_static/js/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
   <![endif]-->
   
-        <script src="_static/jquery.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js"></script>
-        <script data-url_root="./" id="documentation_options" src="_static/documentation_options.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/doctools.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/js/toggle.js"></script>
+        <script src="_static/jquery.js?v=5d32c60e"></script>
+        <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js?v=2cd50e6c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/documentation_options.js?v=4c9c9fab"></script>
+        <script src="_static/doctools.js?v=888ff710"></script>
+        <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js?v=dc90522c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/js/toggle.js?v=e1b5a5a1"></script>
     <script src="_static/js/theme.js"></script>
     <link rel="index" title="Index" href="genindex.html" />
     <link rel="search" title="Search" href="search.html" />
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
               <img src="_static/logo.png" class="logo" alt="Logo"/>
           </a>
               <div class="version">
-                1.20230507.1
+                1.20230718.1
               </div>
 <div role="search">
   <form id="rtd-search-form" class="wy-form" action="search.html" method="get">
@@ -109,9 +109,9 @@
            <div itemprop="articleBody">
              
   <section id="creating-your-first-app">
-<h1>Creating your first app<a class="headerlink" href="#creating-your-first-app" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h1>
+<h1>Creating your first app<a class="headerlink" href="#creating-your-first-app" title="Link to this heading"></a></h1>
 <section id="from-scratch">
-<h2>From scratch<a class="headerlink" href="#from-scratch" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>From scratch<a class="headerlink" href="#from-scratch" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>Apps can be created using the dashboard or directly from the filesystem.
 Here, we are going to do it manually, as the Dashboard is already described in
 its own chapter.</p>
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ <h2>From scratch<a class="headerlink" href="#from-scratch" title="Permalink to t
 web pages.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="static-web-pages">
-<h2>Static web pages<a class="headerlink" href="#static-web-pages" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Static web pages<a class="headerlink" href="#static-web-pages" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>To expose static web pages you simply need to create a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">static</span></code>
 subfolder, and any file in there will be automatically published:</p>
 <div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>mkdir<span class="w"> </span>apps/myapp/static
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ <h2>Static web pages<a class="headerlink" href="#static-web-pages" title="Permal
 handled automatically based on the HTTP request headers.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="dynamic-web-pages">
-<h2>Dynamic Web Pages<a class="headerlink" href="#dynamic-web-pages" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Dynamic Web Pages<a class="headerlink" href="#dynamic-web-pages" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>To create a dynamic page, you must create a function that returns the
 page content. For example edit the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">myapp/__init__.py</span></code> as follows:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">datetime</span>
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ <h2>Dynamic Web Pages<a class="headerlink" href="#dynamic-web-pages" title="Perm
 then py4web will not prepend any prefix to the routes defined inside the
 app.</p>
 <section id="on-return-values">
-<h3>On return values<a class="headerlink" href="#on-return-values" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>On return values<a class="headerlink" href="#on-return-values" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>py4web actions should return a string or a dictionary. If they return a
 dictionary you must tell py4web what to do with it. By default py4web
 will serialize it into json. For example edit <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__init__.py</span></code> again and
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ <h3>On return values<a class="headerlink" href="#on-return-values" title="Permal
 will provide an example shortly.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="routes">
-<h3>Routes<a class="headerlink" href="#routes" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Routes<a class="headerlink" href="#routes" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>It is possible to map patterns in the URL into arguments of the
 function. For example:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nd">@action</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;color/&lt;name&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ <h3>Routes<a class="headerlink" href="#routes" title="Permalink to this heading"
 multiple routes.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="the-request-object">
-<h3>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">request</span></code> object<a class="headerlink" href="#the-request-object" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">request</span></code> object<a class="headerlink" href="#the-request-object" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>From py4web you can import <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">request</span></code></p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">py4web</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">request</span>
 
@@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ <h3>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">request</sp
 <p>Which you can use the code to identify the name and the folder used for the app.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="templates">
-<h3>Templates<a class="headerlink" href="#templates" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Templates<a class="headerlink" href="#templates" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>In order to use a yatl template you must declare it. For example create a file <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">apps/myapp/templates/paint.html</span></code> that contains:</p>
 <div class="highlight-html notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">html</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
  <span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">head</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
@@ -345,7 +345,7 @@ <h3>Templates<a class="headerlink" href="#templates" title="Permalink to this he
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="the-scaffold-app">
-<h2>The _scaffold app<a class="headerlink" href="#the-scaffold-app" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>The _scaffold app<a class="headerlink" href="#the-scaffold-app" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>Most of the times, you do not want to start writing code from scratch.
 You also want to follow some sane conventions outlined here, like not
 putting all your code into <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__init__.py</span></code>. PY4WEB provides a
@@ -422,7 +422,7 @@ <h2>The _scaffold app<a class="headerlink" href="#the-scaffold-app" title="Perma
 component. Hence if you want to use that, you should not remove it.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="copying-the-scaffold-app">
-<span id="id1"></span><h2>Copying the _scaffold app<a class="headerlink" href="#copying-the-scaffold-app" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<span id="id1"></span><h2>Copying the _scaffold app<a class="headerlink" href="#copying-the-scaffold-app" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>The scaffold app is really useful, and you will surely use it a lot as
 a starting point for testing and even developing full features new apps.</p>
 <p>It’s better not to work directly on it: always create new apps copying it.
@@ -440,7 +440,7 @@ <h2>The _scaffold app<a class="headerlink" href="#the-scaffold-app" title="Perma
 </ul>
 </section>
 <section id="watch-for-files-change">
-<h2>Watch for files change<a class="headerlink" href="#watch-for-files-change" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Watch for files change<a class="headerlink" href="#watch-for-files-change" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>As described in the <a class="reference internal" href="chapter-03.html#run-command-option"><span class="std std-ref">run command option</span></a>, Py4web facilitates a
 development server’s setup by automatically reloads an app when its
 Python source files change (by default).
@@ -525,7 +525,7 @@ <h2>Watch for files change<a class="headerlink" href="#watch-for-files-change" t
      <label for="switch"></label>
      </span>
       
-      v: 1.20230507.1
+      v: 1.20230718.1
       <span class="fa fa-caret-down"></span>
     </span>
     <div class="rst-other-versions">
diff --git a/apps/_documentation/static/en/chapter-06.html b/apps/_documentation/static/en/chapter-06.html
index 30ca12de2..a857880dc 100644
--- a/apps/_documentation/static/en/chapter-06.html
+++ b/apps/_documentation/static/en/chapter-06.html
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html class="writer-html5" lang="en" >
 <head>
-  <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.19: https://docutils.sourceforge.io/" />
+  <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.18.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" />
 
   <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
-  <title>Fixtures &mdash; py4web 1.20230507.1 documentation</title>
+  <title>Fixtures &mdash; py4web 1.20230718.1 documentation</title>
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" />
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/css/theme.css" type="text/css" />
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/tabs.css" type="text/css" />
@@ -14,12 +14,12 @@
     <script src="_static/js/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
   <![endif]-->
   
-        <script src="_static/jquery.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js"></script>
-        <script data-url_root="./" id="documentation_options" src="_static/documentation_options.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/doctools.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/js/toggle.js"></script>
+        <script src="_static/jquery.js?v=5d32c60e"></script>
+        <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js?v=2cd50e6c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/documentation_options.js?v=4c9c9fab"></script>
+        <script src="_static/doctools.js?v=888ff710"></script>
+        <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js?v=dc90522c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/js/toggle.js?v=e1b5a5a1"></script>
     <script src="_static/js/theme.js"></script>
     <link rel="index" title="Index" href="genindex.html" />
     <link rel="search" title="Search" href="search.html" />
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
               <img src="_static/logo.png" class="logo" alt="Logo"/>
           </a>
               <div class="version">
-                1.20230507.1
+                1.20230718.1
               </div>
 <div role="search">
   <form id="rtd-search-form" class="wy-form" action="search.html" method="get">
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@
            <div itemprop="articleBody">
              
   <section id="fixtures">
-<h1>Fixtures<a class="headerlink" href="#fixtures" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h1>
+<h1>Fixtures<a class="headerlink" href="#fixtures" title="Link to this heading"></a></h1>
 <p>A fixture is defined as “a piece of equipment or furniture which is
 fixed in position in a building or vehicle”. In our case a fixture is
 something attached to the action that processes an HTTP request in order
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ <h1>Fixtures<a class="headerlink" href="#fixtures" title="Permalink to this head
 party template language or third party session logic; this is explained
 later in the <a class="reference internal" href="#custom-fixtures"><span class="std std-ref">Custom fixtures</span></a> paragraph.</p>
 <section id="using-fixtures">
-<h2>Using Fixtures<a class="headerlink" href="#using-fixtures" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Using Fixtures<a class="headerlink" href="#using-fixtures" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>As we’ve seen in the previous chapter, fixtures are the arguments of the decorator
 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&#64;action.uses(...)</span></code>. You can specify
 multiple fixtures in one decorator or you can have multiple decorators.</p>
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ <h2>Using Fixtures<a class="headerlink" href="#using-fixtures" title="Permalink
 need from the other fixtures, especially Inject() and Flash() that we’ll see later.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="the-template-fixture">
-<h2>The Template fixture<a class="headerlink" href="#the-template-fixture" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>The Template fixture<a class="headerlink" href="#the-template-fixture" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>PY4WEB by default uses the YATL template language and provides a
 fixture for it.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">py4web</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">action</span>
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ <h2>The Template fixture<a class="headerlink" href="#the-template-fixture" title
 In this way you’ll have cleaner code and if needed you’ll be able to change it later in one place only.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="the-inject-fixture">
-<h2>The Inject fixture<a class="headerlink" href="#the-inject-fixture" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>The Inject fixture<a class="headerlink" href="#the-inject-fixture" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>The Inject fixture is used for passing variables (and even python functions) to
 templates. Here is a simple example:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">my_var</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;Example variable to be passed to a Template&quot;</span>
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ <h2>The Inject fixture<a class="headerlink" href="#the-inject-fixture" title="Pe
 <p>It will be explained later on <a class="reference internal" href="chapter-10.html#using-inject"><span class="std std-ref">Using Inject</span></a> in the YATL chapter.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="the-translator-fixture">
-<h2>The Translator fixture<a class="headerlink" href="#the-translator-fixture" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>The Translator fixture<a class="headerlink" href="#the-translator-fixture" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>Here is an example of usage:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">py4web</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">action</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Translator</span>
 <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">os</span>
@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ <h2>The Translator fixture<a class="headerlink" href="#the-translator-fixture" t
 automatically translated to Italian.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="the-flash-fixture">
-<h2>The Flash fixture<a class="headerlink" href="#the-flash-fixture" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>The Flash fixture<a class="headerlink" href="#the-flash-fixture" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>It is common to want to display “alerts” to the users. Here we refer to
 them as <strong>flash messages</strong>. There is a little more to it than just
 displaying a message to the view, because flash messages:</p>
@@ -379,7 +379,7 @@ <h2>The Flash fixture<a class="headerlink" href="#the-flash-fixture" title="Perm
 <p>You can see the basic usage of flash messages in the <strong>examples</strong> app.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="the-session-fixture">
-<h2>The Session fixture<a class="headerlink" href="#the-session-fixture" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>The Session fixture<a class="headerlink" href="#the-session-fixture" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>Simply speaking, a session can be defined as a way to preserve information that is
 desired to persist throughout the user’s interaction with the web site or web application.
 In other words, sessions render the stateless HTTP connection a stateful one.</p>
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ <h2>The Session fixture<a class="headerlink" href="#the-session-fixture" title="
 only its UUID key is stored in the cookie. This is the reason why the
 secret is not required with server-side sessions.</p>
 <section id="client-side-session-in-cookies">
-<h3>Client-side session in cookies<a class="headerlink" href="#client-side-session-in-cookies" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Client-side session in cookies<a class="headerlink" href="#client-side-session-in-cookies" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>By default the session object is stored inside a cookie called
 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">appname_session</span></code>. It’s a JWT, hence encoded in a URL-friendly string
 format and signed using the provided secret for preventing tampering.
@@ -464,7 +464,7 @@ <h3>Client-side session in cookies<a class="headerlink" href="#client-side-sessi
 not put too much into them.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="server-side-session-in-memcache">
-<h3>Server-side session in memcache<a class="headerlink" href="#server-side-session-in-memcache" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Server-side session in memcache<a class="headerlink" href="#server-side-session-in-memcache" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Requires memcache installed and configured.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">memcache</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nn">time</span>
 <span class="n">conn</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">memcache</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Client</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="s1">&#39;127.0.0.1:11211&#39;</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">debug</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
@@ -473,7 +473,7 @@ <h3>Server-side session in memcache<a class="headerlink" href="#server-side-sess
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="server-side-session-in-redis">
-<h3>Server-side session in Redis<a class="headerlink" href="#server-side-session-in-redis" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Server-side session in Redis<a class="headerlink" href="#server-side-session-in-redis" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Requires <a class="reference external" href="https://redis.io/">Redis</a> installed and configured.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">redis</span>
 <span class="n">conn</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">redis</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Redis</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">host</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;localhost&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">port</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">6379</span><span class="p">)</span>
@@ -488,7 +488,7 @@ <h3>Server-side session in Redis<a class="headerlink" href="#server-side-session
 functionality.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="server-side-session-in-database">
-<h3>Server-side session in database<a class="headerlink" href="#server-side-session-in-database" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Server-side session in database<a class="headerlink" href="#server-side-session-in-database" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">py4web</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Session</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">DAL</span>
 <span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">py4web.utils.dbstore</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">DBStore</span>
 <span class="n">db</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">DAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;sqlite:memory&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ <h3>Server-side session in database<a class="headerlink" href="#server-side-sess
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="server-side-session-anywhere">
-<h3>Server-side session anywhere<a class="headerlink" href="#server-side-session-anywhere" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Server-side session anywhere<a class="headerlink" href="#server-side-session-anywhere" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>You can easily store sessions in any place you want. All you need to do
 is provide to the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Session</span></code> object a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">storage</span></code> object with both
 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">get</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">set</span></code> methods. For example, imagine you want to store
@@ -543,7 +543,7 @@ <h3>Server-side session anywhere<a class="headerlink" href="#server-side-session
 inefficient and does not scale well.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="sharing-sessions">
-<h3>Sharing sessions<a class="headerlink" href="#sharing-sessions" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Sharing sessions<a class="headerlink" href="#sharing-sessions" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Imagine you have an app “app1” which uses a session and an app “app2” that wants to share a session with app1. Assuming they use sessons in cookies, “app2” would use:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">session</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Session</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">secret</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">settings</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SESSION_SECRET_KEY</span><span class="p">,</span>
                   <span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;app1_session&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
@@ -561,7 +561,7 @@ <h3>Sharing sessions<a class="headerlink" href="#sharing-sessions" title="Permal
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="the-condition-fixture">
-<h2>The Condition fixture<a class="headerlink" href="#the-condition-fixture" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>The Condition fixture<a class="headerlink" href="#the-condition-fixture" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>Some times you want to restrict access to an action based on a
 given condition. For example to enforce a workflow:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nd">@action</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;step1&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
@@ -619,7 +619,7 @@ <h2>The Condition fixture<a class="headerlink" href="#the-condition-fixture" tit
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="the-urlsigner-fixture">
-<h2>The URLsigner fixture<a class="headerlink" href="#the-urlsigner-fixture" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>The URLsigner fixture<a class="headerlink" href="#the-urlsigner-fixture" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>A signed URL is a URL that provides limited permission and time to make an
 HTTP request by containing authentication information in its query string.
 The typical usage is as follows:</p>
@@ -643,7 +643,7 @@ <h2>The URLsigner fixture<a class="headerlink" href="#the-urlsigner-fixture" tit
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="the-dal-fixture">
-<h2>The DAL fixture<a class="headerlink" href="#the-dal-fixture" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>The DAL fixture<a class="headerlink" href="#the-dal-fixture" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>We have already used the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DAL</span></code> fixture in the context of sessions but
 maybe you want direct access to the DAL object for the purpose of
 accessing the database, not just sessions.</p>
@@ -675,7 +675,7 @@ <h2>The DAL fixture<a class="headerlink" href="#the-dal-fixture" title="Permalin
 and it commits <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">on_success</span></code> and rolls back <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">on_error</span></code>.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="the-auth-fixture">
-<h2>The Auth fixture<a class="headerlink" href="#the-auth-fixture" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>The Auth fixture<a class="headerlink" href="#the-auth-fixture" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">auth</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">auth.user</span></code> are both fixtures that depend on
 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">session</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">db</span></code>. Their role is to provide the action with
 authentication information.</p>
@@ -730,7 +730,7 @@ <h2>The Auth fixture<a class="headerlink" href="#the-auth-fixture" title="Permal
 all the related details.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="caveats-about-fixtures">
-<h2>Caveats about fixtures<a class="headerlink" href="#caveats-about-fixtures" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Caveats about fixtures<a class="headerlink" href="#caveats-about-fixtures" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>Since fixtures are shared by multiple actions you are not allowed to
 change their state because it would not be thread safe. There is one
 exception to this rule. Actions can change some attributes of database
@@ -764,7 +764,7 @@ <h2>Caveats about fixtures<a class="headerlink" href="#caveats-about-fixtures" t
 attributes.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="custom-fixtures">
-<h2>Custom fixtures<a class="headerlink" href="#custom-fixtures" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Custom fixtures<a class="headerlink" href="#custom-fixtures" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>A fixture is an object with the following minimal structure:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">py4web.core</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Fixture</span>
 
@@ -860,7 +860,7 @@ <h2>Custom fixtures<a class="headerlink" href="#custom-fixtures" title="Permalin
 retrieve that data.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="multiple-fixtures">
-<h2>Multiple fixtures<a class="headerlink" href="#multiple-fixtures" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Multiple fixtures<a class="headerlink" href="#multiple-fixtures" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>As previously stated, it’s generally not important the order you use to specify the fixtures
 but it’s mandatory that you always place the template as the <strong>first one</strong>.
 Consider this:</p>
@@ -898,7 +898,7 @@ <h2>Multiple fixtures<a class="headerlink" href="#multiple-fixtures" title="Perm
 For now we recommend using a single call to <cite>action.uses</cite>.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="caching-and-memoize">
-<h2>Caching and Memoize<a class="headerlink" href="#caching-and-memoize" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Caching and Memoize<a class="headerlink" href="#caching-and-memoize" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>py4web provides a cache in RAM object that implements the last recently
 used (LRU) algorithm. It can be used to cache any function via a
 decorator:</p>
@@ -923,16 +923,16 @@ <h2>Caching and Memoize<a class="headerlink" href="#caching-and-memoize" title="
 every time a template needs to be rendered.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="convenience-decorators">
-<h2>Convenience Decorators<a class="headerlink" href="#convenience-decorators" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Convenience Decorators<a class="headerlink" href="#convenience-decorators" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_scaffold</span></code> application, in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">common.py</span></code> defines two special
 convenience decorators:</p>
-<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>@unauthenticated
+<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>@unauthenticated()
 def index():
     return dict()
 </pre></div>
 </div>
 <p>and</p>
-<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>@authenticated
+<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>@authenticated()
 def index():
     return dict()
 </pre></div>
@@ -987,7 +987,7 @@ <h2>Convenience Decorators<a class="headerlink" href="#convenience-decorators" t
      <label for="switch"></label>
      </span>
       
-      v: 1.20230507.1
+      v: 1.20230718.1
       <span class="fa fa-caret-down"></span>
     </span>
     <div class="rst-other-versions">
diff --git a/apps/_documentation/static/en/chapter-07.html b/apps/_documentation/static/en/chapter-07.html
index ea5649eb1..6cb6a7d15 100644
--- a/apps/_documentation/static/en/chapter-07.html
+++ b/apps/_documentation/static/en/chapter-07.html
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html class="writer-html5" lang="en" >
 <head>
-  <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.19: https://docutils.sourceforge.io/" />
+  <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.18.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" />
 
   <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
-  <title>The Database Abstraction Layer (DAL) &mdash; py4web 1.20230507.1 documentation</title>
+  <title>The Database Abstraction Layer (DAL) &mdash; py4web 1.20230718.1 documentation</title>
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" />
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/css/theme.css" type="text/css" />
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/tabs.css" type="text/css" />
@@ -14,12 +14,12 @@
     <script src="_static/js/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
   <![endif]-->
   
-        <script src="_static/jquery.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js"></script>
-        <script data-url_root="./" id="documentation_options" src="_static/documentation_options.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/doctools.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/js/toggle.js"></script>
+        <script src="_static/jquery.js?v=5d32c60e"></script>
+        <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js?v=2cd50e6c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/documentation_options.js?v=4c9c9fab"></script>
+        <script src="_static/doctools.js?v=888ff710"></script>
+        <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js?v=dc90522c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/js/toggle.js?v=e1b5a5a1"></script>
     <script src="_static/js/theme.js"></script>
     <link rel="index" title="Index" href="genindex.html" />
     <link rel="search" title="Search" href="search.html" />
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
               <img src="_static/logo.png" class="logo" alt="Logo"/>
           </a>
               <div class="version">
-                1.20230507.1
+                1.20230718.1
               </div>
 <div role="search">
   <form id="rtd-search-form" class="wy-form" action="search.html" method="get">
@@ -258,9 +258,9 @@
            <div itemprop="articleBody">
              
   <section id="the-database-abstraction-layer-dal">
-<h1>The Database Abstraction Layer (DAL)<a class="headerlink" href="#the-database-abstraction-layer-dal" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h1>
+<h1>The Database Abstraction Layer (DAL)<a class="headerlink" href="#the-database-abstraction-layer-dal" title="Link to this heading"></a></h1>
 <section id="dal-introduction">
-<h2>DAL introduction<a class="headerlink" href="#dal-introduction" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>DAL introduction<a class="headerlink" href="#dal-introduction" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>py4web rely on a database abstraction layer (DAL), an API that maps
 Python objects into database objects such as queries, tables, and
 records. The DAL dynamically generates the SQL in real time using the
@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ <h2>DAL introduction<a class="headerlink" href="#dal-introduction" title="Permal
 <li><p>Nested Selects</p></li>
 </ul>
 <section id="py4web-model">
-<h3>py4web model<a class="headerlink" href="#py4web-model" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>py4web model<a class="headerlink" href="#py4web-model" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Even if web2py and py4web use the same pyDAL, there are important differences (see
 <a class="reference internal" href="chapter-15.html#from-web2py-to-py4web"><span class="std std-ref">From web2py to py4web</span></a> for details). The main caveat is that in py4web only
 the action is executed for every HTTP request, while the code defined outside of
@@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ <h3>py4web model<a class="headerlink" href="#py4web-model" title="Permalink to t
 All the others are for practical purposes to be considered global and non thread safe.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="supported-databases">
-<h3>Supported databases<a class="headerlink" href="#supported-databases" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Supported databases<a class="headerlink" href="#supported-databases" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>A partial list of supported databases is show in the table
 below. Please check on the py4web/pyDAL web site and mailing list for more
 recent adapters.</p>
@@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ <h3>Supported databases<a class="headerlink" href="#supported-databases" title="
 about specific databases.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="the-dal-a-quick-tour">
-<h3>The DAL: a quick tour<a class="headerlink" href="#the-dal-a-quick-tour" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>The DAL: a quick tour<a class="headerlink" href="#the-dal-a-quick-tour" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>py4web defines the following classes that make up the DAL:</p>
 <dl>
 <dt>DAL</dt><dd><p>represents a database connection. For example:</p>
@@ -424,7 +424,7 @@ <h3>The DAL: a quick tour<a class="headerlink" href="#the-dal-a-quick-tour" titl
 </dl>
 </section>
 <section id="using-the-dal-stand-alone">
-<h3>Using the DAL “stand-alone”<a class="headerlink" href="#using-the-dal-stand-alone" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Using the DAL “stand-alone”<a class="headerlink" href="#using-the-dal-stand-alone" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>pyDAL is an independent python package. As such, it can be used
 without the web2py/py4web environment; you just need to install
 it with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pip</span></code>. Then import the pydal module when needed:</p>
@@ -443,7 +443,7 @@ <h3>Using the DAL “stand-alone”<a class="headerlink" href="#using-the-dal-st
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="experiment-with-the-py4web-shell">
-<h3>Experiment with the py4web shell<a class="headerlink" href="#experiment-with-the-py4web-shell" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Experiment with the py4web shell<a class="headerlink" href="#experiment-with-the-py4web-shell" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>You can also experiment with the pyDAL API using the py4web shell,
 that is available using the <a class="reference internal" href="chapter-03.html#shell-command-option"><span class="std std-ref">shell command option</span></a>.</p>
 <div class="admonition warning">
@@ -471,7 +471,7 @@ <h3>Experiment with the py4web shell<a class="headerlink" href="#experiment-with
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="dal-constructor">
-<h2>DAL constructor<a class="headerlink" href="#dal-constructor" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>DAL constructor<a class="headerlink" href="#dal-constructor" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>Basic use:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">db</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">DAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;sqlite://storage.sqlite&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
 </pre></div>
@@ -495,7 +495,7 @@ <h2>DAL constructor<a class="headerlink" href="#dal-constructor" title="Permalin
 assume the presence of a single database since this is the most common
 situation.</p>
 <section id="dal-signature">
-<h3>DAL signature<a class="headerlink" href="#dal-signature" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>DAL signature<a class="headerlink" href="#dal-signature" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">DAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">uri</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;sqlite://dummy.db&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
     <span class="n">pool_size</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span>
     <span class="n">folder</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span>
@@ -524,7 +524,7 @@ <h3>DAL signature<a class="headerlink" href="#dal-signature" title="Permalink to
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="connection-strings-the-uri-parameter">
-<h3>Connection strings (the uri parameter)<a class="headerlink" href="#connection-strings-the-uri-parameter" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Connection strings (the uri parameter)<a class="headerlink" href="#connection-strings-the-uri-parameter" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>A connection with the database is established by creating an instance of
 the DAL object:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">db</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">DAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;sqlite://storage.sqlite&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
@@ -645,7 +645,7 @@ <h3>Connection strings (the uri parameter)<a class="headerlink" href="#connectio
 <p>Otherwise you’ll get UnicodeDecodeError tickets.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="connection-pooling">
-<h3>Connection pooling<a class="headerlink" href="#connection-pooling" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Connection pooling<a class="headerlink" href="#connection-pooling" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>A common argument of the DAL constructor is the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pool_size</span></code>; it
 defaults to zero.</p>
 <p>As it is rather slow to establish a new database connection for each
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ <h3>Connection pooling<a class="headerlink" href="#connection-pooling" title="Pe
 benefit.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="connection-failures-attempts-parameter">
-<h3>Connection failures (attempts parameter)<a class="headerlink" href="#connection-failures-attempts-parameter" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Connection failures (attempts parameter)<a class="headerlink" href="#connection-failures-attempts-parameter" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>If py4web fails to connect to the database it waits 1 second and by
 default tries again up to 5 times before declaring a failure. In case of
 connection pooling it is possible that a pooled connection that stays
@@ -679,7 +679,7 @@ <h3>Connection failures (attempts parameter)<a class="headerlink" href="#connect
 connections. The number of attempts is set via the attempts parameter.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="lazy-tables">
-<h3>Lazy Tables<a class="headerlink" href="#lazy-tables" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Lazy Tables<a class="headerlink" href="#lazy-tables" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Setting <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">lazy_tables</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">True</span></code> provides a major performance boost (but
 not with py4web). It means that table creation is deferred until the
 table is actually referenced.</p>
@@ -690,7 +690,7 @@ <h3>Lazy Tables<a class="headerlink" href="#lazy-tables" title="Permalink to thi
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="model-less-applications">
-<h3>Model-less applications<a class="headerlink" href="#model-less-applications" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Model-less applications<a class="headerlink" href="#model-less-applications" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>In py4web the code defined outside of actions (where normally DAL tables
 are defined) is only executed at startup.</p>
 <p>However, it is possible to define DAL tables on demand inside actions.
@@ -702,7 +702,7 @@ <h3>Model-less applications<a class="headerlink" href="#model-less-applications"
 database definitions in the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">models.py</span></code> file.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="replicated-databases">
-<h3>Replicated databases<a class="headerlink" href="#replicated-databases" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Replicated databases<a class="headerlink" href="#replicated-databases" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>The first argument of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DAL(...)</span></code> can be a list of URIs. In this case
 py4web tries to connect to each of them. The main purpose for this is to
 deal with multiple database servers and distribute the workload among
@@ -715,7 +715,7 @@ <h3>Replicated databases<a class="headerlink" href="#replicated-databases" title
 load in a database master-slave configuration.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="reserved-keywords">
-<h3>Reserved keywords<a class="headerlink" href="#reserved-keywords" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Reserved keywords<a class="headerlink" href="#reserved-keywords" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">check_reserved</span></code> tells the constructor to check table names and column
 names against reserved SQL keywords in target back-end databases.
 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">check_reserved</span></code> defaults to None.</p>
@@ -765,7 +765,7 @@ <h3>Reserved keywords<a class="headerlink" href="#reserved-keywords" title="Perm
 </table>
 </section>
 <section id="database-quoting-and-case-settings">
-<h3>Database quoting and case settings<a class="headerlink" href="#database-quoting-and-case-settings" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Database quoting and case settings<a class="headerlink" href="#database-quoting-and-case-settings" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Quoting of SQL entities are enabled by default in DAL, that is:</p>
 <p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">entity_quoting</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">True</span></code></p>
 <p>This way identifiers are automatically quoted in SQL generated by DAL.
@@ -788,7 +788,7 @@ <h3>Database quoting and case settings<a class="headerlink" href="#database-quot
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="making-a-secure-connection">
-<h3>Making a secure connection<a class="headerlink" href="#making-a-secure-connection" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Making a secure connection<a class="headerlink" href="#making-a-secure-connection" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Sometimes it is necessary (and advised) to connect to your database
 using secure connection, especially if your database is not on the same
 server as your application. In this case you need to pass additional
@@ -806,16 +806,16 @@ <h3>Making a secure connection<a class="headerlink" href="#making-a-secure-conne
 connections.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="other-dal-constructor-parameters">
-<h3>Other DAL constructor parameters<a class="headerlink" href="#other-dal-constructor-parameters" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Other DAL constructor parameters<a class="headerlink" href="#other-dal-constructor-parameters" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <section id="database-folder-location">
-<h4>Database folder location<a class="headerlink" href="#database-folder-location" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4>Database folder location<a class="headerlink" href="#database-folder-location" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">folder</span></code> sets the place where migration files will be created (see
 <a class="reference internal" href="#migrations">Migrations</a> for details).
 It is also used for SQLite databases. Automatically set within py4web.
 Set a path when using DAL outside py4web.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="default-migration-settings">
-<h4>Default migration settings<a class="headerlink" href="#default-migration-settings" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4>Default migration settings<a class="headerlink" href="#default-migration-settings" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>The DAL constructor migration settings are booleans affecting defaults
 and global behaviour.</p>
 <p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">migrate</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">True</span></code> sets default migrate behavior for all tables</p>
@@ -826,7 +826,7 @@ <h4>Default migration settings<a class="headerlink" href="#default-migration-set
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="commit-and-rollback">
-<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">commit</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rollback</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#commit-and-rollback" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">commit</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rollback</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#commit-and-rollback" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>The insert, truncate, delete, and update operations aren’t actually
 committed until py4web issues the commit command. The create and drop
 operations may be executed immediately, depending on the database
@@ -880,10 +880,10 @@ <h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">commit</span></
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="table-constructor">
-<h2>Table constructor<a class="headerlink" href="#table-constructor" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Table constructor<a class="headerlink" href="#table-constructor" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>Tables are defined in the DAL via <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">define_table</span></code>.</p>
 <section id="define-table-signature">
-<h3>define_table signature<a class="headerlink" href="#define-table-signature" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>define_table signature<a class="headerlink" href="#define-table-signature" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>The signature for define_table method is:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">define_table</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tablename</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">fields</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">)</span>
 </pre></div>
@@ -907,7 +907,7 @@ <h3>define_table signature<a class="headerlink" href="#define-table-signature" t
 define_table.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="id-notes-about-the-primary-key">
-<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">id</span></code>: Notes about the primary key<a class="headerlink" href="#id-notes-about-the-primary-key" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">id</span></code>: Notes about the primary key<a class="headerlink" href="#id-notes-about-the-primary-key" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Do not declare a field called “id”, because one is created by py4web
 anyway. Every table has a field called “id” by default. It is an
 auto-increment integer field (usually starting at 1) used for
@@ -921,13 +921,13 @@ <h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">id</span></code
 keys using the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">primarykey</span></code> parameter.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="plural-and-singular">
-<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">plural</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">singular</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#plural-and-singular" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">plural</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">singular</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#plural-and-singular" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>As pyDAL is a general DAL, it includes plural and singular attributes to
 refer to the table names so that external elements can use the proper
 name for a table.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="redefine">
-<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">redefine</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#redefine" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">redefine</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#redefine" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Tables can be defined only once but you can force py4web to redefine an
 existing table:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">define_table</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;person&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Field</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;name&#39;</span><span class="p">))</span>
@@ -937,7 +937,7 @@ <h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">redefine</span>
 <p>The redefinition may trigger a migration if table definition changes.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="format-record-representation">
-<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">format</span></code>: Record representation<a class="headerlink" href="#format-record-representation" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">format</span></code>: Record representation<a class="headerlink" href="#format-record-representation" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>It is optional but recommended to specify a format representation for
 records with the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">format</span></code> parameter.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">define_table</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;person&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Field</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;name&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="nb">format</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;</span><span class="si">%(name)s</span><span class="s1">&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
@@ -962,7 +962,7 @@ <h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">format</span></
 </ul>
 </section>
 <section id="rname-real-name">
-<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rname</span></code>: Real name<a class="headerlink" href="#rname-real-name" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rname</span></code>: Real name<a class="headerlink" href="#rname-real-name" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rname</span></code> sets a database backend name for the table. This makes the
 py4web table name an alias, and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rname</span></code> is the real name used when
 constructing the query for the backend. To illustrate just one use,
@@ -971,17 +971,17 @@ <h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rname</span></c
 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rname</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">'db1.dbo.table1'</span></code></p>
 </section>
 <section id="primarykey-support-for-legacy-tables">
-<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">primarykey</span></code>: Support for legacy tables<a class="headerlink" href="#primarykey-support-for-legacy-tables" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">primarykey</span></code>: Support for legacy tables<a class="headerlink" href="#primarykey-support-for-legacy-tables" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">primarykey</span></code> helps support legacy tables with existing primary keys,
 even multi-part. See <a class="reference internal" href="#legacy-databases-and-keyed-tables">Legacy databases and keyed tables</a>.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="migrate-fake-migrate">
-<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">migrate</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fake_migrate</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#migrate-fake-migrate" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">migrate</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fake_migrate</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#migrate-fake-migrate" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">migrate</span></code> sets migration options for the table. Refer to
 <a class="reference internal" href="#migrations">Migrations</a> for details.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="table-class">
-<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">table_class</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#table-class" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">table_class</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#table-class" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>If you define your own table class as a sub-class of
 pydal.objects.Table, you can provide it here; this allows you to extend
 and override methods. Example:</p>
@@ -995,7 +995,7 @@ <h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">table_class</sp
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="sequence-name">
-<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sequence_name</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#sequence-name" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sequence_name</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#sequence-name" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>The name of a custom table sequence (if supported by the database). Can
 create a SEQUENCE (starting at 1 and incrementing by 1) or use this for
 legacy tables with custom sequences.</p>
@@ -1005,16 +1005,16 @@ <h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sequence_name</
 </div></blockquote>
 </section>
 <section id="trigger-name">
-<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">trigger_name</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#trigger-name" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">trigger_name</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#trigger-name" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Relates to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sequence_name</span></code>. Relevant for some backends which do not
 support auto-increment numeric fields.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="polymodel">
-<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">polymodel</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#polymodel" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">polymodel</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#polymodel" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>For use with Google App Engine.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="on-define">
-<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">on_define</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#on-define" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">on_define</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#on-define" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">on_define</span></code> is a callback triggered when a lazy_table is instantiated,
 although it is called anyway if the table is not lazy. This allows
 dynamic changes to the table without losing the advantages of delayed
@@ -1038,7 +1038,7 @@ <h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">on_define</span
 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">on_define</span></code>.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="adding-attributes-to-fields-and-tables">
-<h3>Adding attributes to fields and tables<a class="headerlink" href="#adding-attributes-to-fields-and-tables" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Adding attributes to fields and tables<a class="headerlink" href="#adding-attributes-to-fields-and-tables" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>If you need to add custom attributes to fields, you can simply do this:
 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">db.table.field.extra</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">{}</span></code></p>
 <p>“extra” is not a keyword; it’s a custom attribute now attached to the
@@ -1049,7 +1049,7 @@ <h3>Adding attributes to fields and tables<a class="headerlink" href="#adding-at
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="legacy-databases-and-keyed-tables">
-<h3>Legacy databases and keyed tables<a class="headerlink" href="#legacy-databases-and-keyed-tables" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Legacy databases and keyed tables<a class="headerlink" href="#legacy-databases-and-keyed-tables" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>py4web can connect to legacy databases under some conditions.</p>
 <p>The easiest way is when these conditions are met:</p>
 <ul class="simple">
@@ -1094,7 +1094,7 @@ <h3>Legacy databases and keyed tables<a class="headerlink" href="#legacy-databas
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="field-constructor">
-<h2>Field constructor<a class="headerlink" href="#field-constructor" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Field constructor<a class="headerlink" href="#field-constructor" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>These are the default values of a Field constructor:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">Field</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fieldname</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;string&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">length</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">default</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">DEFAULT</span><span class="p">,</span>
       <span class="n">required</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">requires</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">DEFAULT</span><span class="p">,</span>
@@ -1222,7 +1222,7 @@ <h2>Field constructor<a class="headerlink" href="#field-constructor" title="Perm
 thread safe and be set/reset in any action:
 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">default</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">update</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">readable</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">writable</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">requires</span></code>.</p>
 <section id="field-types-and-validators">
-<h3>Field types and validators<a class="headerlink" href="#field-types-and-validators" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Field types and validators<a class="headerlink" href="#field-types-and-validators" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <table class="docutils align-default">
 <thead>
 <tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>Type</p></th>
@@ -1321,7 +1321,7 @@ <h3>Field types and validators<a class="headerlink" href="#field-types-and-valid
 conventions.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="run-time-field-and-table-modification">
-<h3>Run-time field and table modification<a class="headerlink" href="#run-time-field-and-table-modification" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Run-time field and table modification<a class="headerlink" href="#run-time-field-and-table-modification" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Most attributes of fields and tables can be modified after they are
 defined:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">define_table</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;person&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Field</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;name&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">default</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="nb">format</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;</span><span class="si">%(name)s</span><span class="s1">&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
@@ -1392,7 +1392,7 @@ <h3>Run-time field and table modification<a class="headerlink" href="#run-time-f
 input passes validation.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="more-on-uploads">
-<h3>More on uploads<a class="headerlink" href="#more-on-uploads" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>More on uploads<a class="headerlink" href="#more-on-uploads" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Consider the following model:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">define_table</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;myfile&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
                 <span class="n">Field</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;image&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;upload&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">default</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;path/to/file&#39;</span><span class="p">))</span>
@@ -1480,7 +1480,7 @@ <h3>More on uploads<a class="headerlink" href="#more-on-uploads" title="Permalin
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="migrations">
-<h2>Migrations<a class="headerlink" href="#migrations" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Migrations<a class="headerlink" href="#migrations" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>With our example table definition:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">define_table</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;person&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
 </pre></div>
@@ -1545,7 +1545,7 @@ <h2>Migrations<a class="headerlink" href="#migrations" title="Permalink to this
 Only one of the two apps should perform migrations, the other should
 disable them.</p>
 <section id="fixing-broken-migrations">
-<h3>Fixing broken migrations<a class="headerlink" href="#fixing-broken-migrations" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Fixing broken migrations<a class="headerlink" href="#fixing-broken-migrations" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>There are two common problems with migrations and there are ways to
 recover from them.</p>
 <p>One problem is specific with SQLite. SQLite does not enforce column
@@ -1589,7 +1589,7 @@ <h3>Fixing broken migrations<a class="headerlink" href="#fixing-broken-migration
 database, but it can help narrowing down the problem.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="migration-control-summary">
-<h3>Migration control summary<a class="headerlink" href="#migration-control-summary" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Migration control summary<a class="headerlink" href="#migration-control-summary" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>The logic of the various migration arguments are summarized in this
 pseudo-code:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">DAL</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">migrate_enabled</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">table</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">migrate</span><span class="p">:</span>
@@ -1602,9 +1602,9 @@ <h3>Migration control summary<a class="headerlink" href="#migration-control-summ
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="table-methods">
-<h2>Table methods<a class="headerlink" href="#table-methods" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Table methods<a class="headerlink" href="#table-methods" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <section id="insert">
-<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">insert</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#insert" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">insert</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#insert" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Given a table, you can insert records</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">person</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">insert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;Alex&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
 <span class="go">1</span>
@@ -1643,7 +1643,7 @@ <h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">insert</span></
 speed advantage.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="query-set-rows">
-<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Query</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Set</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Rows</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#query-set-rows" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Query</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Set</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Rows</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#query-set-rows" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Let’s consider again the table defined (and dropped) previously and
 insert three records:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">define_table</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;person&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Field</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;name&#39;</span><span class="p">))</span>
@@ -1682,7 +1682,7 @@ <h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Query</span></c
 fact, there is no need to specify that.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="update-or-insert">
-<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">update_or_insert</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#update-or-insert" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">update_or_insert</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#update-or-insert" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Some times you need to perform an insert only if there is no record with
 the same values as those being inserted. This can be done with</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">define_table</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;person&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
@@ -1713,7 +1713,7 @@ <h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">update_or_inser
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="validate-and-insert-validate-and-update">
-<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">validate_and_insert</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">validate_and_update</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#validate-and-insert-validate-and-update" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">validate_and_insert</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">validate_and_update</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#validate-and-insert-validate-and-update" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>The function</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">ret</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mytable</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">validate_and_insert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">field</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;value&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
 </pre></div>
@@ -1744,14 +1744,14 @@ <h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">validate_and_in
 will be in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ret.errors</span></code>.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="drop">
-<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">drop</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#drop" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">drop</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#drop" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Finally, you can drop tables and all data will be lost:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">person</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">drop</span><span class="p">()</span>
 </pre></div>
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="tagging-records">
-<h3>Tagging records<a class="headerlink" href="#tagging-records" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Tagging records<a class="headerlink" href="#tagging-records" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Tags allows to add or find properties attached to records in your
 database.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">py4web</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">DAL</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Field</span>
@@ -1790,9 +1790,9 @@ <h3>Tagging records<a class="headerlink" href="#tagging-records" title="Permalin
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="raw-sql">
-<h2>Raw SQL<a class="headerlink" href="#raw-sql" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Raw SQL<a class="headerlink" href="#raw-sql" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <section id="executesql">
-<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">executesql</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#executesql" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">executesql</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#executesql" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>The DAL allows you to explicitly issue SQL statements.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">executesql</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;SELECT * FROM person;&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
 <span class="go">[(1, u&#39;Massimo&#39;), (2, u&#39;Massimo&#39;)]</span>
@@ -1843,7 +1843,7 @@ <h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">executesql</spa
 same order as the fields in the results cursor returned from the DB.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="lastsql">
-<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_lastsql</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#lastsql" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_lastsql</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#lastsql" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Whether SQL was executed manually using executesql or was SQL generated
 by the DAL, you can always find the SQL code in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">db._lastsql</span></code>. This is
 useful for debugging purposes:</p>
@@ -1858,14 +1858,14 @@ <h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_lastsql</span>
 </div></blockquote>
 </section>
 <section id="timing-queries">
-<h3>Timing queries<a class="headerlink" href="#timing-queries" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Timing queries<a class="headerlink" href="#timing-queries" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>All queries are automatically timed by py4web. The variable
 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">db._timings</span></code> is a list of tuples. Each tuple contains the raw SQL
 query as passed to the database driver and the time it took to execute
 in seconds.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="indexes">
-<h3>Indexes<a class="headerlink" href="#indexes" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Indexes<a class="headerlink" href="#indexes" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Currently the DAL API does not provide a command to create indexes on
 tables, but this can be done using the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">executesql</span></code> command. This is
 because the existence of indexes can make migrations complex, and it is
@@ -1881,7 +1881,7 @@ <h3>Indexes<a class="headerlink" href="#indexes" title="Permalink to this headin
 the optional “IF NOT EXISTS” directive.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="generating-raw-sql">
-<h3>Generating raw SQL<a class="headerlink" href="#generating-raw-sql" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Generating raw SQL<a class="headerlink" href="#generating-raw-sql" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Sometimes you need to generate the SQL but not execute it. This is easy
 to do with py4web since every command that performs database IO has an
 equivalent command that does not, and simply returns the SQL that would
@@ -1920,7 +1920,7 @@ <h3>Generating raw SQL<a class="headerlink" href="#generating-raw-sql" title="Pe
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="select-command">
-<h2><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">select</span></code> command<a class="headerlink" href="#select-command" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">select</span></code> command<a class="headerlink" href="#select-command" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>Given a Set, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">s</span></code>, you can fetch the records with the command
 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">select</span></code>:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">rows</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">s</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">select</span><span class="p">()</span>
@@ -2018,7 +2018,7 @@ <h2><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">select</span></
 </pre></div>
 </div>
 <section id="using-an-iterator-based-select-for-lower-memory-use">
-<h3>Using an iterator-based select for lower memory use<a class="headerlink" href="#using-an-iterator-based-select-for-lower-memory-use" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Using an iterator-based select for lower memory use<a class="headerlink" href="#using-an-iterator-based-select-for-lower-memory-use" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Python “iterators” are a type of “lazy-evaluation”. They ‘feed’ data one
 step at time; traditional Python loops create the entire set of data in
 memory before looping.</p>
@@ -2037,7 +2037,7 @@ <h3>Using an iterator-based select for lower memory use<a class="headerlink" hre
 large RAM.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="rendering-rows-using-represent">
-<h3>Rendering rows using represent<a class="headerlink" href="#rendering-rows-using-represent" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Rendering rows using represent<a class="headerlink" href="#rendering-rows-using-represent" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>You may wish to rewrite rows returned by select to take advantage of
 formatting information contained in the represents setting of the
 fields.</p>
@@ -2065,7 +2065,7 @@ <h3>Rendering rows using represent<a class="headerlink" href="#rendering-rows-us
 update_record (which you wouldn’t want anyway) or delete_record.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="shortcuts">
-<h3>Shortcuts<a class="headerlink" href="#shortcuts" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Shortcuts<a class="headerlink" href="#shortcuts" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>The DAL supports various code-simplifying shortcuts. In particular:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">myrecord</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mytable</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">id</span><span class="p">]</span>
 </pre></div>
@@ -2111,7 +2111,7 @@ <h3>Shortcuts<a class="headerlink" href="#shortcuts" title="Permalink to this he
 dictionary on the right hand side.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="fetching-a-row">
-<h3>Fetching a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Row</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#fetching-a-row" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Fetching a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Row</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#fetching-a-row" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Yet another convenient syntax is the following:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">record</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mytable</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">id</span><span class="p">)</span>
 <span class="n">record</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mytable</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mytable</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">id</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="nb">id</span><span class="p">)</span>
@@ -2125,7 +2125,7 @@ <h3>Fetching a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Row<
 record must meet. If they are not met, it also returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="recursive-selects">
-<h3>Recursive <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">select</span></code>s<a class="headerlink" href="#recursive-selects" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Recursive <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">select</span></code>s<a class="headerlink" href="#recursive-selects" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Consider the previous table person and a new table “thing” referencing a
 “person”:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">define_table</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;thing&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
@@ -2171,10 +2171,10 @@ <h3>Recursive <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">selec
 a full Query.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="orderby-groupby-limitby-distinct-having-orderby-on-limitby-join-left-cache">
-<span id="orderby-groupby-limitby"></span><h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">orderby</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">groupby</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">limitby</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">distinct</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">having</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">orderby_on_limitby</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">join</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">left</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cache</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#orderby-groupby-limitby-distinct-having-orderby-on-limitby-join-left-cache" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<span id="orderby-groupby-limitby"></span><h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">orderby</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">groupby</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">limitby</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">distinct</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">having</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">orderby_on_limitby</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">join</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">left</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cache</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#orderby-groupby-limitby-distinct-having-orderby-on-limitby-join-left-cache" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">select</span></code> command takes a number of optional arguments.</p>
 <section id="orderby">
-<h4>orderby<a class="headerlink" href="#orderby" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4>orderby<a class="headerlink" href="#orderby" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>You can fetch the records sorted by name:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">row</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">db</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">select</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">person</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ALL</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">orderby</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">person</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">):</span>
 <span class="gp">... </span>    <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">)</span>
@@ -2224,7 +2224,7 @@ <h4>orderby<a class="headerlink" href="#orderby" title="Permalink to this headin
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="groupby-having">
-<h4>groupby, having<a class="headerlink" href="#groupby-having" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4>groupby, having<a class="headerlink" href="#groupby-having" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>Using <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">groupby</span></code> together with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">orderby</span></code>, you can group records with
 the same value for the specified field (this is back-end specific, and
 is not on the Google NoSQL):</p>
@@ -2247,7 +2247,7 @@ <h4>groupby, having<a class="headerlink" href="#groupby-having" title="Permalink
 records to be grouped.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="distinct">
-<h4>distinct<a class="headerlink" href="#distinct" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4>distinct<a class="headerlink" href="#distinct" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>With the argument <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">distinct=True</span></code>, you can specify that you only want
 to select distinct records. This has the same effect as grouping using
 all specified fields except that it does not require sorting. When using
@@ -2273,7 +2273,7 @@ <h4>distinct<a class="headerlink" href="#distinct" title="Permalink to this head
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="limitby">
-<h4>limitby<a class="headerlink" href="#limitby" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4>limitby<a class="headerlink" href="#limitby" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>With <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">limitby=(min,</span> <span class="pre">max)</span></code>, you can select a subset of the records from
 offset=min to but not including offset=max. In the next example we
 select the first two records starting at zero:</p>
@@ -2286,19 +2286,19 @@ <h4>limitby<a class="headerlink" href="#limitby" title="Permalink to this headin
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="orderby-on-limitby">
-<h4>orderby_on_limitby<a class="headerlink" href="#orderby-on-limitby" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4>orderby_on_limitby<a class="headerlink" href="#orderby-on-limitby" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>Note that the DAL defaults to implicitly adding an orderby when using a
 limitby. This ensures the same query returns the same results each time,
 important for pagination. But it can cause performance problems. use
 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">orderby_on_limitby</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">False</span></code> to change this (this defaults to True).</p>
 </section>
 <section id="join-left">
-<h4>join, left<a class="headerlink" href="#join-left" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4>join, left<a class="headerlink" href="#join-left" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>These are involved in managing <a class="reference internal" href="#one-to-many-relation">One to many relation</a>. They are
 described in <a class="reference internal" href="#inner-join">Inner join</a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#left-outer-join">Left outer join</a> sections respectively.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="cache-cacheable">
-<h4>cache, cacheable<a class="headerlink" href="#cache-cacheable" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4>cache, cacheable<a class="headerlink" href="#cache-cacheable" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>An example use which gives much faster selects is:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">rows</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">db</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">query</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">select</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cache</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cache</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ram</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3600</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">cacheable</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
 </pre></div>
@@ -2307,7 +2307,7 @@ <h4>cache, cacheable<a class="headerlink" href="#cache-cacheable" title="Permali
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="logical-operators">
-<h3>Logical operators<a class="headerlink" href="#logical-operators" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Logical operators<a class="headerlink" href="#logical-operators" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Queries can be combined using the binary AND operator “<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&amp;</span></code>”:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">rows</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">db</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">person</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="o">==</span><span class="s1">&#39;Alex&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">&amp;</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">person</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">id</span> <span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">select</span><span class="p">()</span>
 <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">row</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">rows</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">print</span> <span class="n">row</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">id</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">row</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span>
@@ -2353,7 +2353,7 @@ <h3>Logical operators<a class="headerlink" href="#logical-operators" title="Perm
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="count-isempty-delete-update">
-<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">count</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">isempty</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">delete</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">update</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#count-isempty-delete-update" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">count</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">isempty</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">delete</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">update</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#count-isempty-delete-update" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>You can count records in a set:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">db</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">person</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;William&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">count</span><span class="p">()</span>
 <span class="go">3</span>
@@ -2384,7 +2384,7 @@ <h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">count</span></c
 <p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">update</span></code> method returns the number of records that were updated.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="expressions">
-<h3>Expressions<a class="headerlink" href="#expressions" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Expressions<a class="headerlink" href="#expressions" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>The value assigned an update statement can be an expression. For example
 consider this model</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">define_table</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;person&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
@@ -2405,7 +2405,7 @@ <h3>Expressions<a class="headerlink" href="#expressions" title="Permalink to thi
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="case">
-<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">case</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#case" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">case</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#case" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>An expression can contain a case clause for example:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">condition</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">person</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">startswith</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;B&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
 <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">yes_or_no</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">condition</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">case</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Yes&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;No&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
@@ -2419,7 +2419,7 @@ <h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">case</span></co
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="update-record">
-<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">update_record</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#update-record" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">update_record</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#update-record" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>py4web also allows updating a single record that is already in memory
 using <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">update_record</span></code></p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">row</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">db</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">person</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">id</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">select</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">first</span><span class="p">()</span>
@@ -2456,7 +2456,7 @@ <h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">update_record</
 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code>.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="inserting-and-updating-from-a-dictionary">
-<h3>Inserting and updating from a dictionary<a class="headerlink" href="#inserting-and-updating-from-a-dictionary" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Inserting and updating from a dictionary<a class="headerlink" href="#inserting-and-updating-from-a-dictionary" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>A common issue consists of needing to insert or update records in a
 table where the name of the table, the field to be updated, and the
 value for the field are all stored in variables. For example:
@@ -2474,7 +2474,7 @@ <h3>Inserting and updating from a dictionary<a class="headerlink" href="#inserti
 than “id”.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="first-and-last">
-<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">first</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">last</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#first-and-last" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">first</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">last</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#first-and-last" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Given a Rows object containing records:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">rows</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">db</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">query</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">select</span><span class="p">()</span>
 <span class="n">first_row</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">rows</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">first</span><span class="p">()</span>
@@ -2495,7 +2495,7 @@ <h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">first</span></c
 a random order determined by the backend query optimiser.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="as-dict-and-as-list">
-<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">as_dict</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">as_list</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#as-dict-and-as-list" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">as_dict</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">as_list</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#as-dict-and-as-list" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>A Row object can be serialized into a regular dictionary using the
 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">as_dict()</span></code> method and a Rows object can be serialized into a list of
 dictionaries using the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">as_list()</span></code> method. Here are some examples:</p>
@@ -2514,7 +2514,7 @@ <h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">as_dict</span><
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="combining-rows">
-<h3>Combining rows<a class="headerlink" href="#combining-rows" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Combining rows<a class="headerlink" href="#combining-rows" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Rows objects can be combined at the Python level. Here we assume:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">rows1</span><span class="p">)</span>
 <span class="go">person.name</span>
@@ -2555,7 +2555,7 @@ <h3>Combining rows<a class="headerlink" href="#combining-rows" title="Permalink
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="find-exclude-sort">
-<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">find</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">exclude</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sort</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#find-exclude-sort" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">find</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">exclude</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sort</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#find-exclude-sort" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Some times you need to perform two selects and one contains a subset of
 a previous select. In this case it is pointless to access the database
 again. The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">find</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">exclude</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sort</span></code> objects allow you to
@@ -2612,7 +2612,7 @@ <h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">find</span></co
 syntax and functionality as the Set <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">select</span></code> method.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="caching-selects">
-<h3>Caching selects<a class="headerlink" href="#caching-selects" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Caching selects<a class="headerlink" href="#caching-selects" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>The select method also takes a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cache</span></code> argument, which defaults to
 None. For caching purposes, it should be set to a tuple where the first
 element is the cache model (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cache.ram</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cache.disk</span></code>, etc.), and
@@ -2648,9 +2648,9 @@ <h3>Caching selects<a class="headerlink" href="#caching-selects" title="Permalin
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="computed-and-virtual-fields">
-<h2>Computed and Virtual fields<a class="headerlink" href="#computed-and-virtual-fields" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Computed and Virtual fields<a class="headerlink" href="#computed-and-virtual-fields" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <section id="computed-fields">
-<h3>Computed fields<a class="headerlink" href="#computed-fields" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Computed fields<a class="headerlink" href="#computed-fields" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>DAL fields may have a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">compute</span></code> attribute. This must be a function (or
 lambda) that takes a Row object and returns a value for the field. When
 a new record is modified, including both insertions and updates, if a
@@ -2680,7 +2680,7 @@ <h3>Computed fields<a class="headerlink" href="#computed-fields" title="Permalin
 computed fields.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="virtual-fields">
-<h3>Virtual fields<a class="headerlink" href="#virtual-fields" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Virtual fields<a class="headerlink" href="#virtual-fields" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Virtual fields are also computed fields (as in the previous subsection)
 but they differ from those because they are <em>virtual</em> in the sense that
 they are not stored in the db and they are computed each time records
@@ -2689,7 +2689,7 @@ <h3>Virtual fields<a class="headerlink" href="#virtual-fields" title="Permalink
 searching.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="new-style-virtual-fields-experimental">
-<h3>New style virtual fields (experimental)<a class="headerlink" href="#new-style-virtual-fields-experimental" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>New style virtual fields (experimental)<a class="headerlink" href="#new-style-virtual-fields-experimental" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>py4web provides a new and easier way to define virtual fields and lazy
 virtual fields. This section is marked experimental because the APIs may
 still change a little from what is described here.</p>
@@ -2750,7 +2750,7 @@ <h3>New style virtual fields (experimental)<a class="headerlink" href="#new-styl
 </div></blockquote>
 </section>
 <section id="old-style-virtual-fields">
-<h3>Old style virtual fields<a class="headerlink" href="#old-style-virtual-fields" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Old style virtual fields<a class="headerlink" href="#old-style-virtual-fields" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>In order to define one or more virtual fields, you can also define a
 container class, instantiate it and link it to a table or to a select.
 For example, consider the following table:</p>
@@ -2853,9 +2853,9 @@ <h3>Old style virtual fields<a class="headerlink" href="#old-style-virtual-field
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="joins-and-relations">
-<h2>Joins and Relations<a class="headerlink" href="#joins-and-relations" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Joins and Relations<a class="headerlink" href="#joins-and-relations" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <section id="one-to-many-relation">
-<h3>One to many relation<a class="headerlink" href="#one-to-many-relation" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>One to many relation<a class="headerlink" href="#one-to-many-relation" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>To illustrate how to implement one to many relations with the DAL,
 define another table “thing” that refers to the table “person” which we
 redefine here:</p>
@@ -2919,7 +2919,7 @@ <h3>One to many relation<a class="headerlink" href="#one-to-many-relation" title
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="inner-join">
-<h3>Inner join<a class="headerlink" href="#inner-join" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Inner join<a class="headerlink" href="#inner-join" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Another way to achieve a similar result is by using a join, specifically
 an INNER JOIN. py4web performs joins automatically and transparently
 when the query links two or more tables as in the following example:</p>
@@ -2975,7 +2975,7 @@ <h3>Inner join<a class="headerlink" href="#inner-join" title="Permalink to this
 <p>The value of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">join</span></code> can be list of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">db.table.on(...)</span></code> to join.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="left-outer-join">
-<h3>Left outer join<a class="headerlink" href="#left-outer-join" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Left outer join<a class="headerlink" href="#left-outer-join" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Notice that Carl did not appear in the list above because he has no
 things. If you intend to select on persons (whether they have things or
 not) and their things (if they have any), then you need to perform a
@@ -3004,7 +3004,7 @@ <h3>Left outer join<a class="headerlink" href="#left-outer-join" title="Permalin
 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">db.mytable.on(...)</span></code> to the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">left</span></code> parameter.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="grouping-and-counting">
-<h3>Grouping and counting<a class="headerlink" href="#grouping-and-counting" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Grouping and counting<a class="headerlink" href="#grouping-and-counting" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>When doing joins, sometimes you want to group rows according to certain
 criteria and count them. For example, count the number of things owned
 by every person. py4web allows this as well. First, you need a count
@@ -3031,7 +3031,7 @@ <h3>Grouping and counting<a class="headerlink" href="#grouping-and-counting" tit
 the field in question are to be counted.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="many-to-many-relation">
-<h3>Many to many relation<a class="headerlink" href="#many-to-many-relation" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Many to many relation<a class="headerlink" href="#many-to-many-relation" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>In the previous examples, we allowed a thing to have one owner but one
 person could have many things. What if Boat was owned by Alex and Curt?
 This requires a many-to-many relation, and it is realized via an
@@ -3106,7 +3106,7 @@ <h3>Many to many relation<a class="headerlink" href="#many-to-many-relation" tit
 NoSQL.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="self-reference-and-aliases">
-<h3>Self-Reference and aliases<a class="headerlink" href="#self-reference-and-aliases" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Self-Reference and aliases<a class="headerlink" href="#self-reference-and-aliases" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>It is possible to define tables with fields that refer to themselves,
 here is an example:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">define_table</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;person&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
@@ -3187,7 +3187,7 @@ <h3>Self-Reference and aliases<a class="headerlink" href="#self-reference-and-al
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="other-operators">
-<h2>Other operators<a class="headerlink" href="#other-operators" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Other operators<a class="headerlink" href="#other-operators" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>py4web has other operators that provide an API to access equivalent SQL
 operators. Let’s define another table “log” to store security events,
 their event_time and severity, where the severity is an integer number.</p>
@@ -3212,7 +3212,7 @@ <h2>Other operators<a class="headerlink" href="#other-operators" title="Permalin
 </pre></div>
 </div>
 <section id="like-ilike-regexp-startswith-endswith-contains-upper-lower">
-<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">like</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ilike</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">regexp</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">startswith</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">endswith</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">contains</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">upper</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">lower</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#like-ilike-regexp-startswith-endswith-contains-upper-lower" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">like</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ilike</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">regexp</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">startswith</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">endswith</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">contains</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">upper</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">lower</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#like-ilike-regexp-startswith-endswith-contains-upper-lower" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Fields have a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">like</span></code> operator that you can use to match strings:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">row</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">db</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">log</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">event</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">like</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;port%&#39;</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">select</span><span class="p">():</span>
 <span class="gp">... </span>    <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">event</span><span class="p">)</span>
@@ -3273,7 +3273,7 @@ <h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">like</span></co
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="year-month-day-hour-minutes-seconds">
-<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">year</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">month</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">day</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">hour</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">minutes</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">seconds</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#year-month-day-hour-minutes-seconds" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">year</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">month</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">day</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">hour</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">minutes</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">seconds</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#year-month-day-hour-minutes-seconds" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>The date and datetime fields have <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">day</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">month</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">year</span></code>
 methods. The datetime and time fields have <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">hour</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">minutes</span></code> and
 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">seconds</span></code> methods. Here is an example:</p>
@@ -3287,7 +3287,7 @@ <h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">year</span></co
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="belongs">
-<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">belongs</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#belongs" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">belongs</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#belongs" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>The SQL IN operator is realized via the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">belongs</span></code> method which returns
 true when the field value belongs to the specified set (list or tuples):</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">row</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">db</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">log</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">severity</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">belongs</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)))</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">select</span><span class="p">():</span>
@@ -3334,7 +3334,7 @@ <h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">belongs</span><
 person “Jonathan”. The two lines result in one single SQL query.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="sum-avg-min-max-and-len">
-<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sum</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">avg</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">min</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">max</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">len</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#sum-avg-min-max-and-len" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sum</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">avg</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">min</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">max</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">len</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#sum-avg-min-max-and-len" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Previously, you have used the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">count</span></code> operator to count records.
 Similarly, you can use the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sum</span></code> operator to add (sum) the values of a
 specific field from a group of records. As in the case of count, the
@@ -3370,7 +3370,7 @@ <h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sum</span></cod
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="substrings">
-<h3>Substrings<a class="headerlink" href="#substrings" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Substrings<a class="headerlink" href="#substrings" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>One can build an expression to refer to a substring. For example, we can
 group things whose name starts with the same three characters and select
 only one from each group:</p>
@@ -3379,7 +3379,7 @@ <h3>Substrings<a class="headerlink" href="#substrings" title="Permalink to this
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="default-values-with-coalesce-and-coalesce-zero">
-<h3>Default values with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">coalesce</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">coalesce_zero</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#default-values-with-coalesce-and-coalesce-zero" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Default values with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">coalesce</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">coalesce_zero</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#default-values-with-coalesce-and-coalesce-zero" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>There are times when you need to pull a value from database but also
 need a default values if the value for a record is set to NULL. In SQL
 there is a function, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">COALESCE</span></code>, for this. py4web has an equivalent
@@ -3420,9 +3420,9 @@ <h3>Default values with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="exporting-and-importing-data">
-<h2>Exporting and importing data<a class="headerlink" href="#exporting-and-importing-data" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Exporting and importing data<a class="headerlink" href="#exporting-and-importing-data" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <section id="csv-one-table-at-a-time">
-<h3>CSV (one Table at a time)<a class="headerlink" href="#csv-one-table-at-a-time" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>CSV (one Table at a time)<a class="headerlink" href="#csv-one-table-at-a-time" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>When a Rows object is converted to a string it is automatically
 serialized in CSV:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">rows</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">db</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">person</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">id</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">thing</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">owner_id</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">select</span><span class="p">()</span>
@@ -3474,7 +3474,7 @@ <h3>CSV (one Table at a time)<a class="headerlink" href="#csv-one-table-at-a-tim
 records are appended and assigned new ids.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="csv-all-tables-at-once">
-<h3>CSV (all tables at once)<a class="headerlink" href="#csv-all-tables-at-once" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>CSV (all tables at once)<a class="headerlink" href="#csv-all-tables-at-once" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>In py4web, you can backup/restore an entire database with two commands:</p>
 <p>To export:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">with</span> <span class="nb">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;somefile.csv&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;w&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">encoding</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;utf-8&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">newline</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">dumpfile</span><span class="p">:</span>
@@ -3512,7 +3512,7 @@ <h3>CSV (all tables at once)<a class="headerlink" href="#csv-all-tables-at-once"
 as an existing record, the previous record will be updated.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="csv-and-remote-database-synchronization">
-<h3>CSV and remote database synchronization<a class="headerlink" href="#csv-and-remote-database-synchronization" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>CSV and remote database synchronization<a class="headerlink" href="#csv-and-remote-database-synchronization" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Consider once again the following model:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">define_table</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;person&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
                 <span class="n">Field</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;name&#39;</span><span class="p">))</span>
@@ -3610,7 +3610,7 @@ <h3>CSV and remote database synchronization<a class="headerlink" href="#csv-and-
 references.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="html-and-xml-one-table-at-a-time">
-<h3>HTML and XML (one Table at a time)<a class="headerlink" href="#html-and-xml-one-table-at-a-time" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>HTML and XML (one Table at a time)<a class="headerlink" href="#html-and-xml-one-table-at-a-time" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Rows objects also have an <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml</span></code> method (like helpers) that serializes
 it to XML/HTML:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">rows</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">db</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">person</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">id</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">thing</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">owner_id</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">select</span><span class="p">()</span>
@@ -3662,7 +3662,7 @@ <h3>HTML and XML (one Table at a time)<a class="headerlink" href="#html-and-xml-
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="data-representation">
-<h3>Data representation<a class="headerlink" href="#data-representation" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Data representation<a class="headerlink" href="#data-representation" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Rows.export_to_csv_file</span></code> method accepts a keyword argument named
 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">represent</span></code>. When <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code> it will use the columns <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">represent</span></code>
 function while exporting the data instead of the raw data.</p>
@@ -3693,9 +3693,9 @@ <h3>Data representation<a class="headerlink" href="#data-representation" title="
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="advanced-features">
-<h2>Advanced features<a class="headerlink" href="#advanced-features" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Advanced features<a class="headerlink" href="#advanced-features" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <section id="list-type-and-contains">
-<span id="id1"></span><h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">list:&lt;type&gt;</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">contains</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#list-type-and-contains" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<span id="id1"></span><h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">list:&lt;type&gt;</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">contains</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#list-type-and-contains" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>py4web provides the following special field types:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">string</span>
 <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">integer</span>
@@ -3779,7 +3779,7 @@ <h2>Advanced features<a class="headerlink" href="#advanced-features" title="Perm
 </div></blockquote>
 </section>
 <section id="table-inheritance">
-<h3>Table inheritance<a class="headerlink" href="#table-inheritance" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Table inheritance<a class="headerlink" href="#table-inheritance" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>It is possible to create a table that contains all the fields from
 another table. It is sufficient to pass the other table in place of a
 field to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">define_table</span></code>. For example</p>
@@ -3815,7 +3815,7 @@ <h3>Table inheritance<a class="headerlink" href="#table-inheritance" title="Perm
 before defining the inheriting table.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="filter-in-and-filter-out">
-<span id="id2"></span><h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">filter_in</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">filter_out</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#filter-in-and-filter-out" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<span id="id2"></span><h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">filter_in</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">filter_out</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#filter-in-and-filter-out" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>It is possible to define a filter for each field to be called before a
 value is inserted into the database for that field and after a value is
 retrieved from the database.</p>
@@ -3840,7 +3840,7 @@ <h3>Table inheritance<a class="headerlink" href="#table-inheritance" title="Perm
 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLCustomType</span></code>, as discussed in <a class="reference internal" href="#custom-field-types"><span class="std std-ref">Custom Field types</span></a>.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="callbacks-on-record-insert-delete-and-update">
-<h3>callbacks on record insert, delete and update<a class="headerlink" href="#callbacks-on-record-insert-delete-and-update" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>callbacks on record insert, delete and update<a class="headerlink" href="#callbacks-on-record-insert-delete-and-update" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>PY4WEB provides a mechanism to register callbacks to be called before
 and/or after insert, update and delete of records.</p>
 <p>Each table stores six lists of callbacks:</p>
@@ -3898,7 +3898,7 @@ <h3>callbacks on record insert, delete and update<a class="headerlink" href="#ca
 method that works like <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">update</span></code> but ignores before and after
 callbacks.</p>
 <section id="database-cascades">
-<h4>Database cascades<a class="headerlink" href="#database-cascades" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4>Database cascades<a class="headerlink" href="#database-cascades" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>Database schema can define relationships which trigger deletions of
 related records, known as cascading. The DAL is not informed when a
 record is deleted due to a cascade. So no *_delete callback will ever
@@ -3906,7 +3906,7 @@ <h4>Database cascades<a class="headerlink" href="#database-cascades" title="Perm
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="record-versioning">
-<h3>Record versioning<a class="headerlink" href="#record-versioning" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Record versioning<a class="headerlink" href="#record-versioning" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>It is possible to ask py4web to save every copy of a record when the
 record is individually modified. There are different ways to do it and
 it can be done for all tables at once using the syntax:</p>
@@ -3957,7 +3957,7 @@ <h3>Record versioning<a class="headerlink" href="#record-versioning" title="Perm
 deleted or not.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="common-filters">
-<h3>Common filters<a class="headerlink" href="#common-filters" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Common filters<a class="headerlink" href="#common-filters" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>A common filter is a generalization of the above multi-tenancy idea. It
 provides an easy way to prevent repeating of the same query. Consider
 for example the following table:</p>
@@ -3992,7 +3992,7 @@ <h3>Common filters<a class="headerlink" href="#common-filters" title="Permalink
 </div></blockquote>
 </section>
 <section id="custom-field-types">
-<span id="id3"></span><h3>Custom <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Field</span></code> types<a class="headerlink" href="#custom-field-types" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<span id="id3"></span><h3>Custom <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Field</span></code> types<a class="headerlink" href="#custom-field-types" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Aside for using <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">filter_in</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">filter_out</span></code>, it is possible to
 define new/custom field types. For example, suppose that you want to
 define a custom type to store an IP address:</p>
@@ -4050,7 +4050,7 @@ <h3>Common filters<a class="headerlink" href="#common-filters" title="Permalink
 <p>It does not work on Google App Engine NoSQL.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="using-dal-without-define-tables">
-<h3>Using DAL without define tables<a class="headerlink" href="#using-dal-without-define-tables" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Using DAL without define tables<a class="headerlink" href="#using-dal-without-define-tables" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>The DAL can be used from any Python program simply by doing this:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">pydal</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">DAL</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Field</span>
 <span class="n">db</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">DAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;sqlite://storage.sqlite&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">folder</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;path/to/app/databases&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
@@ -4070,7 +4070,7 @@ <h3>Using DAL without define tables<a class="headerlink" href="#using-dal-withou
 <p>This allows us to access any db.table without need to re-define it.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="distributed-transaction">
-<h3>Distributed transaction<a class="headerlink" href="#distributed-transaction" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Distributed transaction<a class="headerlink" href="#distributed-transaction" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <blockquote>
 <div><p>At the time of writing this feature is only supported by PostgreSQL,
 MySQL and Firebird, since they expose API for two-phase commits.</p>
@@ -4093,7 +4093,7 @@ <h3>Distributed transaction<a class="headerlink" href="#distributed-transaction"
 happening.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="copy-data-from-one-db-into-another">
-<h3>Copy data from one db into another<a class="headerlink" href="#copy-data-from-one-db-into-another" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Copy data from one db into another<a class="headerlink" href="#copy-data-from-one-db-into-another" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Consider the situation in which you have been using the following
 database:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">db</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">DAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;sqlite://storage.sqlite&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
@@ -4110,9 +4110,9 @@ <h3>Copy data from one db into another<a class="headerlink" href="#copy-data-fro
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="gotchas">
-<h2>Gotchas<a class="headerlink" href="#gotchas" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Gotchas<a class="headerlink" href="#gotchas" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <section id="note-on-new-dal-and-adapters">
-<h3>Note on new DAL and adapters<a class="headerlink" href="#note-on-new-dal-and-adapters" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Note on new DAL and adapters<a class="headerlink" href="#note-on-new-dal-and-adapters" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>The source code of the Database Abstraction Layer was completely
 rewritten in 2010. While it stays backward compatible, the rewrite made
 it more modular and easier to extend. Here we explain the main logic.</p>
@@ -4386,7 +4386,7 @@ <h3>Note on new DAL and adapters<a class="headerlink" href="#note-on-new-dal-and
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="sqlite">
-<h3>SQLite<a class="headerlink" href="#sqlite" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>SQLite<a class="headerlink" href="#sqlite" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>SQLite does not support dropping and altering columns. That means that
 py4web migrations will work up to a point. If you delete a field from a
 table, the column will remain in the database but will be invisible to
@@ -4405,7 +4405,7 @@ <h3>SQLite<a class="headerlink" href="#sqlite" title="Permalink to this heading"
 be aware of the py4web implementation, and avoid using 0 and 1 values.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="mysql">
-<h3>MySQL<a class="headerlink" href="#mysql" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>MySQL<a class="headerlink" href="#mysql" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>MySQL does not support multiple ALTER TABLE within a single transaction.
 This means that any migration process is broken into multiple commits.
 If something happens that causes a failure it is possible to break a
@@ -4418,7 +4418,7 @@ <h3>MySQL<a class="headerlink" href="#mysql" title="Permalink to this heading">
 again).</p>
 </section>
 <section id="google-sql">
-<h3>Google SQL<a class="headerlink" href="#google-sql" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Google SQL<a class="headerlink" href="#google-sql" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Google SQL has the same problems as MySQL and more. In particular table
 metadata itself must be stored in the database in a table that is not
 migrated by py4web. This is because Google App Engine has a read-only
@@ -4431,7 +4431,7 @@ <h3>Google SQL<a class="headerlink" href="#google-sql" title="Permalink to this
 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">py4web_filesystem</span></code>.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="mssql-microsoft-sql-server">
-<h3>MSSQL (Microsoft SQL Server)<a class="headerlink" href="#mssql-microsoft-sql-server" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>MSSQL (Microsoft SQL Server)<a class="headerlink" href="#mssql-microsoft-sql-server" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>MSSQL &lt; 2012 does not support the SQL OFFSET keyword. Therefore the
 database cannot do pagination. When doing a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">limitby=(a,</span> <span class="pre">b)</span></code> py4web
 will fetch the first <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">a</span> <span class="pre">+</span> <span class="pre">b</span></code> rows and discard the first <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">a</span></code>. This
@@ -4468,7 +4468,7 @@ <h3>MSSQL (Microsoft SQL Server)<a class="headerlink" href="#mssql-microsoft-sql
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="oracle">
-<h3>Oracle<a class="headerlink" href="#oracle" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Oracle<a class="headerlink" href="#oracle" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Oracle also does not support pagination. It does not support neither the
 OFFSET nor the LIMIT keywords. PY4WEB achieves pagination by translating
 a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">db(...).select(limitby=(a,</span> <span class="pre">b))</span></code> into a complex three-way nested
@@ -4477,7 +4477,7 @@ <h3>Oracle<a class="headerlink" href="#oracle" title="Permalink to this heading"
 and or joins.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="google-nosql-datastore">
-<h3>Google NoSQL (Datastore)<a class="headerlink" href="#google-nosql-datastore" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Google NoSQL (Datastore)<a class="headerlink" href="#google-nosql-datastore" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Google NoSQL (Datastore) does not allow joins, left joins, aggregates,
 expression, OR involving more than one table, the ‘like’ operator
 searches in “text” fields.</p>
@@ -4532,7 +4532,7 @@ <h3>Google NoSQL (Datastore)<a class="headerlink" href="#google-nosql-datastore"
      <label for="switch"></label>
      </span>
       
-      v: 1.20230507.1
+      v: 1.20230718.1
       <span class="fa fa-caret-down"></span>
     </span>
     <div class="rst-other-versions">
diff --git a/apps/_documentation/static/en/chapter-08.html b/apps/_documentation/static/en/chapter-08.html
index 43ad70afa..82a5fbb4f 100644
--- a/apps/_documentation/static/en/chapter-08.html
+++ b/apps/_documentation/static/en/chapter-08.html
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html class="writer-html5" lang="en" >
 <head>
-  <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.19: https://docutils.sourceforge.io/" />
+  <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.18.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" />
 
   <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
-  <title>The RestAPI &mdash; py4web 1.20230507.1 documentation</title>
+  <title>The RestAPI &mdash; py4web 1.20230718.1 documentation</title>
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" />
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/css/theme.css" type="text/css" />
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/tabs.css" type="text/css" />
@@ -14,12 +14,12 @@
     <script src="_static/js/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
   <![endif]-->
   
-        <script src="_static/jquery.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js"></script>
-        <script data-url_root="./" id="documentation_options" src="_static/documentation_options.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/doctools.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/js/toggle.js"></script>
+        <script src="_static/jquery.js?v=5d32c60e"></script>
+        <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js?v=2cd50e6c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/documentation_options.js?v=4c9c9fab"></script>
+        <script src="_static/doctools.js?v=888ff710"></script>
+        <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js?v=dc90522c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/js/toggle.js?v=e1b5a5a1"></script>
     <script src="_static/js/theme.js"></script>
     <link rel="index" title="Index" href="genindex.html" />
     <link rel="search" title="Search" href="search.html" />
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
               <img src="_static/logo.png" class="logo" alt="Logo"/>
           </a>
               <div class="version">
-                1.20230507.1
+                1.20230718.1
               </div>
 <div role="search">
   <form id="rtd-search-form" class="wy-form" action="search.html" method="get">
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@
            <div itemprop="articleBody">
              
   <section id="the-restapi">
-<h1>The RestAPI<a class="headerlink" href="#the-restapi" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h1>
+<h1>The RestAPI<a class="headerlink" href="#the-restapi" title="Link to this heading"></a></h1>
 <p>Since version 19.5.10 pyDAL includes a restful API <a class="reference internal" href="#cit0801" id="id1"><span>[CIT0801]</span></a> called RestAPI. It is
 inspired by GraphQL <a class="reference internal" href="#cit0802" id="id2"><span>[CIT0802]</span></a> and while it’s not quite the same due to it being less
 powerful, it is in the spirit of py4web since it’s more practical and easier to use.</p>
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ <h1>The RestAPI<a class="headerlink" href="#the-restapi" title="Permalink to thi
 </pre></div>
 </div>
 <section id="restapi-policies-and-actions">
-<h2>RestAPI policies and actions<a class="headerlink" href="#restapi-policies-and-actions" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>RestAPI policies and actions<a class="headerlink" href="#restapi-policies-and-actions" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>The policy is per table (or * for all tables) and per method. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">authorize</span></code>
 can be True (allow), False (deny) or a function with the signature
 (method, tablename, record_id, get_vars, post_vars) which returns
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ <h2>RestAPI policies and actions<a class="headerlink" href="#restapi-policies-an
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="restapi-get">
-<h2>RestAPI GET<a class="headerlink" href="#restapi-get" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>RestAPI GET<a class="headerlink" href="#restapi-get" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>The general query has the form <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">{something}.eq=value</span></code> where <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">eq=</span></code>
 stands for “equal”, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gt=</span></code> stands for “greater than”, etc. The
 expression can be prepended by <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">not.</span></code>.</p>
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ <h2>RestAPI GET<a class="headerlink" href="#restapi-get" title="Permalink to thi
 model. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&#64;lookup</span></code> denormalizes the linked field.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="restapi-practical-examples">
-<h2>RestAPI practical examples<a class="headerlink" href="#restapi-practical-examples" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>RestAPI practical examples<a class="headerlink" href="#restapi-practical-examples" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>Here are some practical examples:</p>
 <p>URL:</p>
 <div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>/superheroes/api/superhero
@@ -1086,7 +1086,7 @@ <h2>RestAPI practical examples<a class="headerlink" href="#restapi-practical-exa
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="the-restapi-response">
-<h2>The RestAPI response<a class="headerlink" href="#the-restapi-response" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>The RestAPI response<a class="headerlink" href="#the-restapi-response" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>All RestAPI response have the fields:</p>
 <dl class="field-list simple">
 <dt class="field-odd">api_version<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
@@ -1169,7 +1169,7 @@ <h2>The RestAPI response<a class="headerlink" href="#the-restapi-response" title
      <label for="switch"></label>
      </span>
       
-      v: 1.20230507.1
+      v: 1.20230718.1
       <span class="fa fa-caret-down"></span>
     </span>
     <div class="rst-other-versions">
diff --git a/apps/_documentation/static/en/chapter-09.html b/apps/_documentation/static/en/chapter-09.html
index e98806c7e..2e86eecc5 100644
--- a/apps/_documentation/static/en/chapter-09.html
+++ b/apps/_documentation/static/en/chapter-09.html
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html class="writer-html5" lang="en" >
 <head>
-  <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.19: https://docutils.sourceforge.io/" />
+  <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.18.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" />
 
   <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
-  <title>YATL Template Language &mdash; py4web 1.20230507.1 documentation</title>
+  <title>YATL Template Language &mdash; py4web 1.20230718.1 documentation</title>
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" />
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/css/theme.css" type="text/css" />
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/tabs.css" type="text/css" />
@@ -14,12 +14,12 @@
     <script src="_static/js/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
   <![endif]-->
   
-        <script src="_static/jquery.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js"></script>
-        <script data-url_root="./" id="documentation_options" src="_static/documentation_options.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/doctools.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/js/toggle.js"></script>
+        <script src="_static/jquery.js?v=5d32c60e"></script>
+        <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js?v=2cd50e6c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/documentation_options.js?v=4c9c9fab"></script>
+        <script src="_static/doctools.js?v=888ff710"></script>
+        <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js?v=dc90522c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/js/toggle.js?v=e1b5a5a1"></script>
     <script src="_static/js/theme.js"></script>
     <link rel="index" title="Index" href="genindex.html" />
     <link rel="search" title="Search" href="search.html" />
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
               <img src="_static/logo.png" class="logo" alt="Logo"/>
           </a>
               <div class="version">
-                1.20230507.1
+                1.20230718.1
               </div>
 <div role="search">
   <form id="rtd-search-form" class="wy-form" action="search.html" method="get">
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@
            <div itemprop="articleBody">
              
   <section id="yatl-template-language">
-<h1>YATL Template Language<a class="headerlink" href="#yatl-template-language" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h1>
+<h1>YATL Template Language<a class="headerlink" href="#yatl-template-language" title="Link to this heading"></a></h1>
 <p>py4web uses two distinct template languages for rendering dynamic HTML pages that contain Python code:</p>
 <ul class="simple">
 <li><p><a class="reference external" href="https://pypi.org/project/yatl/">yatl (Yet Another Template Language)</a> , which is considered the original reference implementation</p></li>
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ <h1>YATL Template Language<a class="headerlink" href="#yatl-template-language" t
 method explicitly.</p>
 </div>
 <section id="basic-syntax">
-<h2>Basic syntax<a class="headerlink" href="#basic-syntax" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Basic syntax<a class="headerlink" href="#basic-syntax" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>The py4web template language supports all Python control structures.
 Here we provide some examples of each of them. They can be nested
 according to usual programming practice.
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ <h2>Basic syntax<a class="headerlink" href="#basic-syntax" title="Permalink to t
 <a class="reference internal" href="chapter-05.html#copying-the-scaffold-app"><span class="std std-ref">Copying the _scaffold app</span></a>) and then editing the file
 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">new_app/template/index.html</span></code>.</p>
 <section id="for-in">
-<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">for...in</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#for-in" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">for...in</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#for-in" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>In templates you can loop over any iterable object:</p>
 <div class="highlight-html notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>[[items = [&#39;a&#39;, &#39;b&#39;, &#39;c&#39;] ]]
 <span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">ul</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ <h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">for...in</span>
 The elements displayed are first serialized and escaped.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="while">
-<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">while</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#while" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">while</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#while" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>You can create a loop using the while keyword:</p>
 <div class="highlight-html notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>[[k = 3]]
 <span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">ul</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ <h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">while</span></c
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="if-elif-else">
-<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">if...elif...else</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#if-elif-else" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">if...elif...else</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#if-elif-else" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>You can use conditional clauses:</p>
 <div class="highlight-html notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>[[
 import random
@@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ <h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">if...elif...els
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="try-except-else-finally">
-<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">try...except...else...finally</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#try-except-else-finally" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">try...except...else...finally</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#try-except-else-finally" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>It is also possible to use <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">try...except</span></code> statements in templates with one
 caveat. Consider the following example:</p>
 <div class="highlight-html notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>[[try:]]
@@ -344,7 +344,7 @@ <h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">try...except...
 the try block. “Hello” is written because it precedes the exception.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="def-return">
-<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">def...return</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#def-return" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">def...return</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#def-return" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>The py4web template language allows the developer to define and
 implement functions that can return any Python object or a text/html
 string. Here we consider two examples:</p>
@@ -381,13 +381,13 @@ <h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">def...return</s
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="information-workflow">
-<h2>Information workflow<a class="headerlink" href="#information-workflow" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Information workflow<a class="headerlink" href="#information-workflow" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>For dynamically modifying the workflow of the information there are custom commands available:
 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">extend</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">include</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">block</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">super</span></code>. Note that they are special template
 directives, not Python commands.</p>
 <p>In addition, you can use normal Python functions inside templates.</p>
 <section id="extend-and-include">
-<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">extend</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">include</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#extend-and-include" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">extend</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">include</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#extend-and-include" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Templates can extend and include other templates in a tree-like structure.</p>
 <p>For example, we can think of a template “index.html” that extends
 “layout.html” and includes “body.html”. At the same time, “layout.html”
@@ -461,7 +461,7 @@ <h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">extend</span></
 but in all of its extended and included templates as well.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="extending-using-variables">
-<h3>Extending using variables<a class="headerlink" href="#extending-using-variables" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Extending using variables<a class="headerlink" href="#extending-using-variables" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>The argument of an <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">extend</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">include</span></code> (i.e., the extended or
 included template name) can be a Python variable (though not a Python
 expression). However, this imposes a limitation – templates that use
@@ -496,7 +496,7 @@ <h3>Extending using variables<a class="headerlink" href="#extending-using-variab
 application easier to write and maintain.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="template-functions">
-<h3>Template Functions<a class="headerlink" href="#template-functions" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Template Functions<a class="headerlink" href="#template-functions" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Consider this “layout.html”:</p>
 <div class="highlight-html notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="cm">&lt;!--layout.html--&gt;</span>
 <span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">html</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
@@ -542,7 +542,7 @@ <h3>Template Functions<a class="headerlink" href="#template-functions" title="Pe
 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">[[=mysidebar()]]</span></code>. Functions defined in this way can take arguments.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="block-and-super">
-<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">block</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">super</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#block-and-super" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">block</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">super</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#block-and-super" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>The main way to make a template more modular is by using
 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">[[block</span> <span class="pre">...]]</span></code>s and this mechanism is an alternative to the
 mechanism discussed in the previous section.</p>
@@ -622,9 +622,9 @@ <h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">block</span></c
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="page-layout-standard-structure">
-<h2>Page layout standard structure<a class="headerlink" href="#page-layout-standard-structure" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Page layout standard structure<a class="headerlink" href="#page-layout-standard-structure" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <section id="default-page-layout">
-<h3>Default page layout<a class="headerlink" href="#default-page-layout" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Default page layout<a class="headerlink" href="#default-page-layout" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>The “templates/layout.html” that currently ships with the py4web <strong>_scaffold</strong>
 application is quite complex but it has the following structure:</p>
 <div class="highlight-html notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="linenos"> 1</span> <span class="cp">&lt;!DOCTYPE html&gt;</span>
@@ -716,7 +716,7 @@ <h3>Default page layout<a class="headerlink" href="#default-page-layout" title="
 the stylesheet with your own.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="mobile-development">
-<h3>Mobile development<a class="headerlink" href="#mobile-development" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Mobile development<a class="headerlink" href="#mobile-development" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Although the default layout.html is designed to be mobile-friendly, one
 may sometimes need to use different templates when a page is visited by a
 mobile device.</p>
@@ -760,7 +760,7 @@ <h3>Mobile development<a class="headerlink" href="#mobile-development" title="Pe
      <label for="switch"></label>
      </span>
       
-      v: 1.20230507.1
+      v: 1.20230718.1
       <span class="fa fa-caret-down"></span>
     </span>
     <div class="rst-other-versions">
diff --git a/apps/_documentation/static/en/chapter-10.html b/apps/_documentation/static/en/chapter-10.html
index abf70e105..d90daa3cf 100644
--- a/apps/_documentation/static/en/chapter-10.html
+++ b/apps/_documentation/static/en/chapter-10.html
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html class="writer-html5" lang="en" >
 <head>
-  <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.19: https://docutils.sourceforge.io/" />
+  <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.18.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" />
 
   <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
-  <title>YATL helpers &mdash; py4web 1.20230507.1 documentation</title>
+  <title>YATL helpers &mdash; py4web 1.20230718.1 documentation</title>
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" />
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/css/theme.css" type="text/css" />
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/tabs.css" type="text/css" />
@@ -14,12 +14,12 @@
     <script src="_static/js/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
   <![endif]-->
   
-        <script src="_static/jquery.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js"></script>
-        <script data-url_root="./" id="documentation_options" src="_static/documentation_options.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/doctools.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/js/toggle.js"></script>
+        <script src="_static/jquery.js?v=5d32c60e"></script>
+        <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js?v=2cd50e6c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/documentation_options.js?v=4c9c9fab"></script>
+        <script src="_static/doctools.js?v=888ff710"></script>
+        <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js?v=dc90522c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/js/toggle.js?v=e1b5a5a1"></script>
     <script src="_static/js/theme.js"></script>
     <link rel="index" title="Index" href="genindex.html" />
     <link rel="search" title="Search" href="search.html" />
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
               <img src="_static/logo.png" class="logo" alt="Logo"/>
           </a>
               <div class="version">
-                1.20230507.1
+                1.20230718.1
               </div>
 <div role="search">
   <form id="rtd-search-form" class="wy-form" action="search.html" method="get">
@@ -144,9 +144,9 @@
            <div itemprop="articleBody">
              
   <section id="yatl-helpers">
-<h1>YATL helpers<a class="headerlink" href="#yatl-helpers" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h1>
+<h1>YATL helpers<a class="headerlink" href="#yatl-helpers" title="Link to this heading"></a></h1>
 <section id="helpers-overview">
-<h2>Helpers overview<a class="headerlink" href="#helpers-overview" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Helpers overview<a class="headerlink" href="#helpers-overview" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>Consider the following code in a template:</p>
 <div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>[[=DIV(&#39;this&#39;, &#39;is&#39;, &#39;a&#39;, &#39;test&#39;, _id=&#39;123&#39;, _class=&#39;myclass&#39;)]]
 </pre></div>
@@ -264,9 +264,9 @@ <h2>Helpers overview<a class="headerlink" href="#helpers-overview" title="Permal
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="built-in-helpers">
-<h2>Built-in helpers<a class="headerlink" href="#built-in-helpers" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Built-in helpers<a class="headerlink" href="#built-in-helpers" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <section id="xml">
-<span id="id1"></span><h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">XML</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#xml" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<span id="id1"></span><h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">XML</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#xml" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">XML</span></code> is an helper object used to encapsulate text that should <strong>not</strong> be
 escaped. The text may or may not contain valid XML; for example it
 could contain JavaScript.</p>
@@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ <h2>Built-in helpers<a class="headerlink" href="#built-in-helpers" title="Permal
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="a">
-<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">A</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#a" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">A</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#a" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>This helper is used to build links.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">A</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;click&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">XML</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;strong&gt;me&lt;/strong&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span>
 <span class="go">            _href=&#39;http://www.py4web.com&#39;))</span>
@@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ <h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">A</span></code>
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="body">
-<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BODY</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#body" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BODY</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#body" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>This helper makes the body of a page.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">BODY</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;hello&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">XML</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;strong&gt;world&lt;/strong&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">_bgcolor</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;red&#39;</span><span class="p">))</span>
 <span class="go">&lt;body bgcolor=&quot;red&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;hello&amp;gt;&lt;strong&gt;world&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/body&gt;</span>
@@ -330,7 +330,7 @@ <h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BODY</span></co
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="cat">
-<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CAT</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#cat" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CAT</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#cat" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>This helper concatenates other helpers.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">CAT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Here is a &#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">A</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;link&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_href</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;target&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="s1">&#39;, and here is some &#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">STRONG</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;bold text&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="s1">&#39;.&#39;</span><span class="p">))</span>
 <span class="go">Here is a &lt;a href=&quot;target&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt;, and here is some &lt;strong&gt;bold text&lt;/strong&gt;.</span>
@@ -338,7 +338,7 @@ <h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CAT</span></cod
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="div">
-<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DIV</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#div" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DIV</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#div" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>This is the content division element.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">DIV</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;hello&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">XML</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;strong&gt;world&lt;/strong&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">_class</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;test&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">))</span>
 <span class="go">&lt;div id=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;test&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;hello&amp;gt;&lt;strong&gt;world&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</span>
@@ -346,7 +346,7 @@ <h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DIV</span></cod
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="em">
-<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EM</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#em" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EM</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#em" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Emphasizes its content.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">EM</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;hello&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">XML</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;strong&gt;world&lt;/strong&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">_class</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;test&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">))</span>
 <span class="go">&lt;em id=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;test&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;hello&amp;gt;&lt;strong&gt;world&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;</span>
@@ -354,7 +354,7 @@ <h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EM</span></code
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="form">
-<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FORM</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#form" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FORM</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#form" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Use this helper to make a FORM for user input. Forms will be later discussed
 in detail in the dedicated <a class="reference internal" href="chapter-12.html#forms"><span class="std std-ref">Forms</span></a> chapter.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">FORM</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">INPUT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">_type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;submit&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">_action</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_method</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;post&#39;</span><span class="p">))</span>
@@ -363,7 +363,7 @@ <h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FORM</span></co
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-h6">
-<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">H1</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">H2</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">H3</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">H4</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">H5</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">H6</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-h6" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">H1</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">H2</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">H3</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">H4</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">H5</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">H6</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-h6" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>These helpers are for paragraph headings and subheadings.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">H1</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;hello&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">XML</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;strong&gt;world&lt;/strong&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">_class</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;test&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">))</span>
 <span class="go">&lt;h1 id=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;test&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;hello&amp;gt;&lt;strong&gt;world&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;</span>
@@ -371,7 +371,7 @@ <h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">H1</span></code
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="head">
-<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HEAD</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#head" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HEAD</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#head" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>For tagging the HEAD of an HTML page.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">HEAD</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">TITLE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;hello&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">XML</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;strong&gt;world&lt;/strong&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">))))</span>
 <span class="go">&lt;head&gt;&lt;title&gt;&amp;lt;hello&amp;gt;&lt;strong&gt;world&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/title&gt;&lt;/head&gt;</span>
@@ -379,7 +379,7 @@ <h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HEAD</span></co
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="html">
-<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HTML</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#html" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HTML</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#html" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>For tagging an HTML page.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">HTML</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">BODY</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;hello&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">XML</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;strong&gt;world&lt;/strong&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">))))</span>
 <span class="go">&lt;html&gt;&lt;body&gt;&amp;lt;hello&amp;gt;&lt;strong&gt;world&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/body&gt;&lt;/html&gt;</span>
@@ -387,7 +387,7 @@ <h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HTML</span></co
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="i">
-<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">I</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#i" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">I</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#i" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>This helper makes its contents italic.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">I</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;hello&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">XML</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;strong&gt;world&lt;/strong&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">_class</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;test&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">))</span>
 <span class="go">&lt;i id=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;test&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;hello&amp;gt;&lt;strong&gt;world&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/i&gt;</span>
@@ -395,7 +395,7 @@ <h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">I</span></code>
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="img">
-<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IMG</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#img" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IMG</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#img" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>It can be used to embed images into HTML.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">IMG</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">_src</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;http://example.com/image.png&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_alt</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;test&#39;</span><span class="p">))</span>
 <span class="go">&lt;img alt=&quot;test&quot; src=&quot;http://example.com/image.png&quot;/&gt;</span>
@@ -410,7 +410,7 @@ <h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IMG</span></cod
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="input">
-<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">INPUT</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#input" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">INPUT</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#input" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Creates an <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&lt;input.../&gt;</span></code> tag. An input tag may not contain other tags,
 and is closed by <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/&gt;</span></code> instead of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&gt;</span></code>. The input tag has an optional
 attribute <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_type</span></code> that can be set to “text” (the default), “submit”,
@@ -437,7 +437,7 @@ <h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">INPUT</span></c
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="label">
-<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LABEL</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#label" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LABEL</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#label" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>It is used to create a LABEL tag for an INPUT field.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">LABEL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;hello&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">XML</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;strong&gt;world&lt;/strong&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">_class</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;test&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">))</span>
 <span class="go">&lt;label id=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;test&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;hello&amp;gt;&lt;strong&gt;world&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/label&gt;</span>
@@ -445,7 +445,7 @@ <h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LABEL</span></c
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="li">
-<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LI</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#li" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LI</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#li" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>It makes a list item and should be contained in a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">UL</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OL</span></code> tag.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">LI</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;hello&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">XML</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;strong&gt;world&lt;/strong&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">_class</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;test&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">))</span>
 <span class="go">&lt;li id=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;test&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;hello&amp;gt;&lt;strong&gt;world&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;</span>
@@ -453,7 +453,7 @@ <h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LI</span></code
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="ol">
-<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OL</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#ol" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OL</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#ol" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>It stands for ordered list. The list should contain LI tags.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">OL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">LI</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;hello&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">LI</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">XML</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;strong&gt;world&lt;/strong&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">)),</span> <span class="n">_class</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;test&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">))</span>
 <span class="go">&lt;ol class=&quot;test&quot; id=&quot;0&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&amp;lt;hello&amp;gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;world&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;</span>
@@ -461,7 +461,7 @@ <h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OL</span></code
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="option">
-<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OPTION</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#option" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OPTION</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#option" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>This should only be used as argument of a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SELECT</span></code>.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">OPTION</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;hello&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">XML</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;strong&gt;world&lt;/strong&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">_value</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;a&#39;</span><span class="p">))</span>
 <span class="go">&lt;option value=&quot;a&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;hello&amp;gt;&lt;strong&gt;world&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/option&gt;</span>
@@ -474,7 +474,7 @@ <h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OPTION</span></
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="p">
-<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">P</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#p" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">P</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#p" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>This is for tagging a paragraph.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">P</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;hello&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">XML</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;strong&gt;world&lt;/strong&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">_class</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;test&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">))</span>
 <span class="go">&lt;p id=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;test&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;hello&amp;gt;&lt;strong&gt;world&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</span>
@@ -482,7 +482,7 @@ <h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">P</span></code>
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="pre">
-<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PRE</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#pre" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PRE</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#pre" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Generates a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&lt;pre&gt;...&lt;/pre&gt;</span></code> tag for displaying pre-formatted text.
 The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CODE</span></code> helper is generally preferable for code listings.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SELECT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">OPTION</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;first&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_value</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;1&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">OPTION</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;second&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_value</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;2&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">_class</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;test&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">))</span>
@@ -491,7 +491,7 @@ <h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PRE</span></cod
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="script">
-<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SCRIPT</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#script" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SCRIPT</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#script" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>This is for include or link a script, such as JavaScript.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SCRIPT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;console.log(&quot;hello world&quot;);&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;text/javascript&#39;</span><span class="p">))</span>
 <span class="go">&lt;script type=&quot;text/javascript&quot;&gt;console.log(&quot;hello world&quot;);&lt;/script&gt;</span>
@@ -499,7 +499,7 @@ <h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SCRIPT</span></
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="select">
-<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SELECT</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#select" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SELECT</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#select" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Makes a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&lt;select&gt;...&lt;/select&gt;</span></code> tag. This is used with the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OPTION</span></code>
 helper.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SELECT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">OPTION</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;first&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_value</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;1&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">OPTION</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;second&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_value</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;2&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span>
@@ -509,7 +509,7 @@ <h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SELECT</span></
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="span">
-<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SPAN</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#span" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SPAN</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#span" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Similar to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DIV</span></code> but used to tag inline (rather than block) content.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SPAN</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;hello&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">XML</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;strong&gt;world&lt;/strong&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">_class</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;test&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">))</span>
 <span class="go">&lt;span id=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;test&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;hello&amp;gt;&lt;strong&gt;world&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</span>
@@ -517,7 +517,7 @@ <h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SPAN</span></co
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="style">
-<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">STYLE</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#style" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">STYLE</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#style" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Similar to script, but used to either include or link CSS code. Here the
 CSS is included:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">STYLE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">XML</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;body {color: white}&#39;</span><span class="p">)))</span>
@@ -531,7 +531,7 @@ <h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">STYLE</span></c
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="table-tr-td">
-<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TABLE</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TR</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TD</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#table-tr-td" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TABLE</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TR</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TD</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#table-tr-td" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>These tags (along with the optional <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">THEAD</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TBODY</span></code> helpers) are
 used to build HTML tables.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">TABLE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">TR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">TD</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;a&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">TD</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;b&#39;</span><span class="p">)),</span> <span class="n">TR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">TD</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;c&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">TD</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;d&#39;</span><span class="p">))))</span>
@@ -556,7 +556,7 @@ <h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TABLE</span></c
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="tbody">
-<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TBODY</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#tbody" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TBODY</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#tbody" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>This is used to tag rows contained in the table body, as opposed to
 header or footer rows. It is optional.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">TBODY</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">TR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">TD</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;hello&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">)),</span> <span class="n">_class</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;test&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">))</span>
@@ -565,7 +565,7 @@ <h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TBODY</span></c
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="textarea">
-<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TEXTAREA</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#textarea" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TEXTAREA</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#textarea" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>This helper makes a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&lt;textarea&gt;...&lt;/textarea&gt;</span></code> tag.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">TEXTAREA</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;hello&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">XML</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;strong&gt;world&lt;/strong&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">_class</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;test&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
 <span class="gp">... </span><span class="n">_cols</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;40&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_rows</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;10&quot;</span><span class="p">))</span>
@@ -574,7 +574,7 @@ <h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TEXTAREA</span>
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="th">
-<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TH</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#th" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TH</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#th" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>This is used instead of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TD</span></code> in table headers.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">TH</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;hello&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">XML</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;strong&gt;world&lt;/strong&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">_class</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;test&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">))</span>
 <span class="go">&lt;th id=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;test&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;hello&amp;gt;&lt;strong&gt;world&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/th&gt;</span>
@@ -582,7 +582,7 @@ <h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TH</span></code
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="thead">
-<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">THEAD</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#thead" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">THEAD</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#thead" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>This is used to tag table header rows.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">THEAD</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">TR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">TH</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;hello&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">)),</span> <span class="n">_class</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;test&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">))</span>
 <span class="go">&lt;thead id=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;test&quot;&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;&amp;lt;hello&amp;gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/thead&gt;</span>
@@ -590,7 +590,7 @@ <h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">THEAD</span></c
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="title">
-<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TITLE</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#title" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TITLE</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#title" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>This is used to tag the title of a page in an HTML header.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">TITLE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;hello&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">XML</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;strong&gt;world&lt;/strong&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">)))</span>
 <span class="go">&lt;title&gt;&amp;lt;hello&amp;gt;&lt;strong&gt;world&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/title&gt;</span>
@@ -598,7 +598,7 @@ <h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TITLE</span></c
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="tt">
-<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TT</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#tt" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TT</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#tt" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Tags text as typewriter (monospaced) text.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">TT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;hello&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">XML</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;strong&gt;world&lt;/strong&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">_class</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;test&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">))</span>
 <span class="go">&lt;tt id=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;test&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;hello&amp;gt;&lt;strong&gt;world&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;</span>
@@ -606,7 +606,7 @@ <h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TT</span></code
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="ul">
-<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">UL</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#ul" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">UL</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#ul" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>It stands for unordered list. The list should contain LI tags.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">UL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">LI</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;hello&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">LI</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">XML</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;strong&gt;world&lt;/strong&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">)),</span> <span class="n">_class</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;test&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">))</span>
 <span class="go">&lt;ul class=&quot;test&quot; id=&quot;0&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&amp;lt;hello&amp;gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;world&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;</span>
@@ -614,14 +614,14 @@ <h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">UL</span></code
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="url">
-<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">URL</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#url" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">URL</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#url" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>The URL helper is not part of yatl package, instead it is provided by py4web.</p>
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="custom-helpers">
-<h2>Custom helpers<a class="headerlink" href="#custom-helpers" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Custom helpers<a class="headerlink" href="#custom-helpers" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <section id="tag">
-<span id="id2"></span><h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TAG</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#tag" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<span id="id2"></span><h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TAG</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#tag" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Sometimes you need to generate <strong>custom XML tags*</strong>. For this purpose py4web
 provides <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TAG</span></code>, a universal tag generator.</p>
 <div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>[[=TAG.name(&#39;a&#39;, &#39;b&#39;, _c=&#39;d&#39;)]]
@@ -651,7 +651,7 @@ <h2>Custom helpers<a class="headerlink" href="#custom-helpers" title="Permalink
 a function that returns an helper instance.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="beautify">
-<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BEAUTIFY</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#beautify" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BEAUTIFY</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#beautify" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BEAUTIFY</span></code> is used to build HTML representations of compound objects,
 including lists, tuples and dictionaries:</p>
 <div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>[[=BEAUTIFY({&quot;a&quot;: [&quot;hello&quot;, STRONG(&quot;world&quot;)], &quot;b&quot;: (1, 2)})]]
@@ -673,10 +673,10 @@ <h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BEAUTIFY</span>
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="server-side-dom">
-<h2>Server-side <em>DOM</em><a class="headerlink" href="#server-side-dom" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Server-side <em>DOM</em><a class="headerlink" href="#server-side-dom" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>As we’ve already seen the helpers mechanism in py4web also provides a server-side representation of the document object model (DOM).</p>
 <section id="children">
-<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">children</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#children" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">children</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#children" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Each helper object keep the list of its components into the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">children</span></code>
 attribute.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">CAT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;hello&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">STRONG</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;world&#39;</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">children</span>
@@ -685,7 +685,7 @@ <h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">children</span>
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="find">
-<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">find</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#find" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">find</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#find" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>To help searching into the DOM, all helpers have a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">find</span></code> method with
 the following signature:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">find</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">query</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">kargs</span><span class="p">)</span>
@@ -779,7 +779,7 @@ <h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">find</span></co
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="using-inject">
-<h2>Using Inject<a class="headerlink" href="#using-inject" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Using Inject<a class="headerlink" href="#using-inject" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>Normally all the code should be called from the controller program, and only the
 necessary data is passed to the template in order to be displayed.
 But sometimes it’s useful to pass variables or even use a python function as a helper called from a template.</p>
@@ -870,7 +870,7 @@ <h2>Using Inject<a class="headerlink" href="#using-inject" title="Permalink to t
      <label for="switch"></label>
      </span>
       
-      v: 1.20230507.1
+      v: 1.20230718.1
       <span class="fa fa-caret-down"></span>
     </span>
     <div class="rst-other-versions">
diff --git a/apps/_documentation/static/en/chapter-11.html b/apps/_documentation/static/en/chapter-11.html
index 0d9304971..64da672c8 100644
--- a/apps/_documentation/static/en/chapter-11.html
+++ b/apps/_documentation/static/en/chapter-11.html
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html class="writer-html5" lang="en" >
 <head>
-  <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.19: https://docutils.sourceforge.io/" />
+  <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.18.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" />
 
   <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
-  <title>Internationalization &mdash; py4web 1.20230507.1 documentation</title>
+  <title>Internationalization &mdash; py4web 1.20230718.1 documentation</title>
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" />
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/css/theme.css" type="text/css" />
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/tabs.css" type="text/css" />
@@ -14,12 +14,12 @@
     <script src="_static/js/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
   <![endif]-->
   
-        <script src="_static/jquery.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js"></script>
-        <script data-url_root="./" id="documentation_options" src="_static/documentation_options.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/doctools.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/js/toggle.js"></script>
+        <script src="_static/jquery.js?v=5d32c60e"></script>
+        <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js?v=2cd50e6c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/documentation_options.js?v=4c9c9fab"></script>
+        <script src="_static/doctools.js?v=888ff710"></script>
+        <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js?v=dc90522c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/js/toggle.js?v=e1b5a5a1"></script>
     <script src="_static/js/theme.js"></script>
     <link rel="index" title="Index" href="genindex.html" />
     <link rel="search" title="Search" href="search.html" />
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
               <img src="_static/logo.png" class="logo" alt="Logo"/>
           </a>
               <div class="version">
-                1.20230507.1
+                1.20230718.1
               </div>
 <div role="search">
   <form id="rtd-search-form" class="wy-form" action="search.html" method="get">
@@ -99,9 +99,9 @@
            <div itemprop="articleBody">
              
   <section id="internationalization">
-<h1>Internationalization<a class="headerlink" href="#internationalization" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h1>
+<h1>Internationalization<a class="headerlink" href="#internationalization" title="Link to this heading"></a></h1>
 <section id="pluralize">
-<h2>Pluralize<a class="headerlink" href="#pluralize" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Pluralize<a class="headerlink" href="#pluralize" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>Pluralize is a Python library for Internationalization (i18n) and
 Pluralization (p10n).</p>
 <p>The library assumes a folder (for example “translations”) that contains
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ <h2>Pluralize<a class="headerlink" href="#pluralize" title="Permalink to this he
 format.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="update-the-translation-files">
-<h2>Update the translation files<a class="headerlink" href="#update-the-translation-files" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Update the translation files<a class="headerlink" href="#update-the-translation-files" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>Find all strings wrapped in T(…) in .py, .html, and .js files:</p>
 <div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>matches = T.find_matches(&#39;path/to/app/folder&#39;)
 </pre></div>
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ <h2>Update the translation files<a class="headerlink" href="#update-the-translat
      <label for="switch"></label>
      </span>
       
-      v: 1.20230507.1
+      v: 1.20230718.1
       <span class="fa fa-caret-down"></span>
     </span>
     <div class="rst-other-versions">
diff --git a/apps/_documentation/static/en/chapter-12.html b/apps/_documentation/static/en/chapter-12.html
index 729c0fac7..130386cdf 100644
--- a/apps/_documentation/static/en/chapter-12.html
+++ b/apps/_documentation/static/en/chapter-12.html
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html class="writer-html5" lang="en" >
 <head>
-  <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.19: https://docutils.sourceforge.io/" />
+  <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.18.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" />
 
   <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
-  <title>Forms &mdash; py4web 1.20230507.1 documentation</title>
+  <title>Forms &mdash; py4web 1.20230718.1 documentation</title>
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" />
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/css/theme.css" type="text/css" />
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/tabs.css" type="text/css" />
@@ -14,12 +14,12 @@
     <script src="_static/js/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
   <![endif]-->
   
-        <script src="_static/jquery.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js"></script>
-        <script data-url_root="./" id="documentation_options" src="_static/documentation_options.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/doctools.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/js/toggle.js"></script>
+        <script src="_static/jquery.js?v=5d32c60e"></script>
+        <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js?v=2cd50e6c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/documentation_options.js?v=4c9c9fab"></script>
+        <script src="_static/doctools.js?v=888ff710"></script>
+        <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js?v=dc90522c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/js/toggle.js?v=e1b5a5a1"></script>
     <script src="_static/js/theme.js"></script>
     <link rel="index" title="Index" href="genindex.html" />
     <link rel="search" title="Search" href="search.html" />
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
               <img src="_static/logo.png" class="logo" alt="Logo"/>
           </a>
               <div class="version">
-                1.20230507.1
+                1.20230718.1
               </div>
 <div role="search">
   <form id="rtd-search-form" class="wy-form" action="search.html" method="get">
@@ -181,13 +181,13 @@
            <div itemprop="articleBody">
              
   <section id="forms">
-<h1>Forms<a class="headerlink" href="#forms" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h1>
+<h1>Forms<a class="headerlink" href="#forms" title="Link to this heading"></a></h1>
 <p>The Form class provides a high-level API for quickly building CRUD (create, update and delete) forms,
 especially for working on an existing database table. It can generate and process a form from a
 list of desired fields and/or from an existing database table.
 It is a pretty much equivalent to web2py’s <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLFORM</span></code>.</p>
 <section id="the-form-constructor">
-<h2>The Form constructor<a class="headerlink" href="#the-form-constructor" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>The Form constructor<a class="headerlink" href="#the-form-constructor" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Form</span></code> constructor accepts the following arguments:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">Form</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span>
      <span class="n">table</span><span class="p">,</span>
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ <h2>The Form constructor<a class="headerlink" href="#the-form-constructor" title
 </ul>
 </section>
 <section id="a-minimal-form-example-without-a-database">
-<h2>A minimal form example without a database<a class="headerlink" href="#a-minimal-form-example-without-a-database" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>A minimal form example without a database<a class="headerlink" href="#a-minimal-form-example-without-a-database" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>Let’s start with a minimal working form example.
 Create a new minimal app called <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">form_minimal</span></code> :</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># in form_minimal/__init__.py</span>
@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ <h2>A minimal form example without a database<a class="headerlink" href="#a-mini
 The next example will.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="basic-form-example">
-<h2>Basic form example<a class="headerlink" href="#basic-form-example" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Basic form example<a class="headerlink" href="#basic-form-example" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>In this next basic example we generate a form from a database.
 Create a new minimal app called <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">form_basic</span></code> :</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># in form_basic/__init__.py</span>
@@ -341,7 +341,7 @@ <h2>Basic form example<a class="headerlink" href="#basic-form-example" title="Pe
 <p>The basic form usage is quite useful for rapid prototyping of programs, since you don’t need
 to specify the layout of the form. On the other hand, you cannot change its default behaviour.</p>
 <section id="file-upload-field">
-<h3>File upload field<a class="headerlink" href="#file-upload-field" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>File upload field<a class="headerlink" href="#file-upload-field" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>The file upload field is quite particular. The standard way to use it (as in the _scaffold app)
 is to have the UPLOAD_FOLDER defined in the common.py file. But if you don’t specify it, then the
 default value of  <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">your_app/upload</span></code> folder will be used (and the folder will also be created if needed).
@@ -394,9 +394,9 @@ <h3>File upload field<a class="headerlink" href="#file-upload-field" title="Perm
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="widgets">
-<h2>Widgets<a class="headerlink" href="#widgets" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Widgets<a class="headerlink" href="#widgets" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <section id="standard-widgets">
-<h3>Standard widgets<a class="headerlink" href="#standard-widgets" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Standard widgets<a class="headerlink" href="#standard-widgets" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Py4web provides many widgets in the py4web.utility.form library. They are simple plugins
 that easily allow you to specify the type of the input elements in a form, along with
 some of their properties.</p>
@@ -473,7 +473,7 @@ <h3>Standard widgets<a class="headerlink" href="#standard-widgets" title="Permal
 <p>Using widgets in forms is quite easy, and they’ll let you have more control on its pieces.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="custom-widgets">
-<h3>Custom widgets<a class="headerlink" href="#custom-widgets" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Custom widgets<a class="headerlink" href="#custom-widgets" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>You can also customize the widgets properties by subclassing the FormStyleDefault class. Let’s have a quick look,
 improving again our Superhero example:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">#</span>
@@ -550,9 +550,9 @@ <h3>Custom widgets<a class="headerlink" href="#custom-widgets" title="Permalink
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="advanced-form-design">
-<h2>Advanced form design<a class="headerlink" href="#advanced-form-design" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Advanced form design<a class="headerlink" href="#advanced-form-design" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <section id="form-structure-manipulation">
-<h3>Form structure manipulation<a class="headerlink" href="#form-structure-manipulation" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Form structure manipulation<a class="headerlink" href="#form-structure-manipulation" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>In py4web a form is rendered by YATL helpers. This means the tree structure of a form
 can be manipulated before the form is serialized in HTML.
 Here is an example of how to manipulate the generate HTML structure:</p>
@@ -567,7 +567,7 @@ <h3>Form structure manipulation<a class="headerlink" href="#form-structure-manip
 must be preceded by an underscore.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="custom-forms">
-<h3>Custom forms<a class="headerlink" href="#custom-forms" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Custom forms<a class="headerlink" href="#custom-forms" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Custom forms allow you to granulary control how the form is processed. In the template file, you can execute specific
 instructions before the form is displayed or after its data submission by inserting code among the following statements:</p>
 <div class="highlight-html notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>[[=form.custom.begin ]]
@@ -603,7 +603,7 @@ <h3>Custom forms<a class="headerlink" href="#custom-forms" title="Permalink to t
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="the-sidecar-parameter">
-<h3>The sidecar parameter<a class="headerlink" href="#the-sidecar-parameter" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>The sidecar parameter<a class="headerlink" href="#the-sidecar-parameter" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>The sidecar is the stuff injected in the form along with the submit button.</p>
 <p>For example, you can inject a simple <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">click</span> <span class="pre">me</span></code> button in your form with the following
 code:</p>
@@ -621,7 +621,7 @@ <h3>The sidecar parameter<a class="headerlink" href="#the-sidecar-parameter" tit
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="form-validation">
-<h2>Form validation<a class="headerlink" href="#form-validation" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Form validation<a class="headerlink" href="#form-validation" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>Validators are classes used to validate input fields (including forms generated from database tables).
 They are normally assigned using the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">requires</span></code> attribute of a table <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Field</span></code> object, as already
 shown on the <a class="reference internal" href="chapter-07.html#field-constructor"><span class="std std-ref">Field constructor</span></a> paragraph of the DAL chapter. Also, you can use advanced validators
@@ -710,37 +710,37 @@ <h2>Form validation<a class="headerlink" href="#form-validation" title="Permalin
 </div>
 </div>
 <section id="text-format-validators">
-<h3>Text format validators<a class="headerlink" href="#text-format-validators" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Text format validators<a class="headerlink" href="#text-format-validators" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <section id="is-alphanumeric">
-<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_ALPHANUMERIC</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-alphanumeric" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_ALPHANUMERIC</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-alphanumeric" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>This validator checks that a field value contains only characters in the ranges a-z, A-Z, 0-9, and underscores.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">requires</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">IS_ALPHANUMERIC</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">error_message</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;must be alphanumeric!&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
 </pre></div>
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="is-lower">
-<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_LOWER</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-lower" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_LOWER</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-lower" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>This validator never returns an error. It just converts the value to lower case.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">requires</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">IS_LOWER</span><span class="p">()</span>
 </pre></div>
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="is-upper">
-<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_UPPER</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-upper" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_UPPER</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-upper" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>This validator never returns an error. It converts the value to upper case.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">requires</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">IS_UPPER</span><span class="p">()</span>
 </pre></div>
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="is-email">
-<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_EMAIL</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-email" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_EMAIL</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-email" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>It checks that the field value looks like an email address. It does not try to send email to confirm.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">requires</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">IS_EMAIL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">error_message</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;invalid email!&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
 </pre></div>
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="is-match">
-<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_MATCH</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-match" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_MATCH</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-match" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>This validator matches the value against a regular expression and returns an error if it does not match.
 Here is an example of usage to validate a US zip code:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">requires</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">IS_MATCH</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;^\d</span><span class="si">{5}</span><span class="s1">(-\d</span><span class="si">{4}</span><span class="s1">)?$&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
@@ -770,7 +770,7 @@ <h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_MATCH</span>
 substring rather than the original value.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="is-length">
-<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_LENGTH</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-length" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_LENGTH</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-length" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>Checks if length of field’s value fits between given boundaries. Works
 for both text and file inputs.</p>
 <p>Its arguments are:</p>
@@ -799,7 +799,7 @@ <h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_LENGTH</span
 length of the data in the file, which is the behavior one might intuitively expect.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="is-url">
-<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_URL</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-url" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_URL</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-url" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>Rejects a URL string if any of the following is true:</p>
 <ul class="simple">
 <li><p>The string is empty or None</p></li>
@@ -845,7 +845,7 @@ <h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_URL</span></
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="is-slug">
-<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_SLUG</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-slug" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_SLUG</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-slug" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">requires</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">IS_SLUG</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">maxlen</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">80</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">check</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">error_message</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;must be slug&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
 </pre></div>
 </div>
@@ -853,7 +853,7 @@ <h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_SLUG</span><
 <p>If <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">check</span></code> is set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">False</span></code> (default) it converts the input value to a slug.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="is-json">
-<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_JSON</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-json" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_JSON</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-json" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">requires</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">IS_JSON</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">error_message</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;Invalid json&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">native_json</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">)</span>
 </pre></div>
 </div>
@@ -862,16 +862,16 @@ <h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_JSON</span><
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="date-and-time-validators">
-<h3>Date and time validators<a class="headerlink" href="#date-and-time-validators" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Date and time validators<a class="headerlink" href="#date-and-time-validators" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <section id="is-time">
-<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_TIME</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-time" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_TIME</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-time" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>This validator checks that a field value contains a valid time in the specified format.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">requires</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">IS_TIME</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">error_message</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;must be HH:MM:SS!&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
 </pre></div>
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="is-date">
-<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_DATE</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-date" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_DATE</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-date" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>This validator checks that a field value contains a valid date in the specified format. It is good practice to specify the format using the translation operator, in order to support different formats in different locales.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">requires</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">IS_DATE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">format</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;%Y-%m-</span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s1">&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span>
     <span class="n">error_message</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;must be YYYY-MM-DD!&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
@@ -880,7 +880,7 @@ <h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_DATE</span><
 <p>For the full description on % directives look under the IS_DATETIME validator.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="is-datetime">
-<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_DATETIME</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-datetime" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_DATETIME</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-datetime" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>This validator checks that a field value contains a valid datetime in the specified format. It is good practice to specify the format using the translation operator, in order to support different formats in different locales.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">requires</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">IS_DATETIME</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">format</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;%Y-%m-</span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s1"> %H:%M:%S&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span>
                    <span class="n">error_message</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;must be YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS!&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
@@ -902,7 +902,7 @@ <h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_DATETIME</sp
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="is-date-in-range">
-<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_DATE_IN_RANGE</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-date-in-range" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_DATE_IN_RANGE</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-date-in-range" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>Works very much like the previous validator but allows to specify a range:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">requires</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">IS_DATE_IN_RANGE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">format</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;%Y-%m-</span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s1">&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span>
                 <span class="n">minimum</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">datetime</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">date</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2008</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">),</span>
@@ -913,7 +913,7 @@ <h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_DATE_IN_RANG
 <p>For the full description on % directives look under the IS_DATETIME validator.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="is-datetime-in-range">
-<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_DATETIME_IN_RANGE</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-datetime-in-range" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_DATETIME_IN_RANGE</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-datetime-in-range" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>Works very much like the previous validator but allows to specify a range:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">requires</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">IS_DATETIME_IN_RANGE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">format</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;%Y-%m-</span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s1"> %H:%M:%S&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span>
                     <span class="n">minimum</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">datetime</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">datetime</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2008</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">),</span>
@@ -925,9 +925,9 @@ <h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_DATETIME_IN_
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="range-set-and-equality-validators">
-<h3>Range, set and equality validators<a class="headerlink" href="#range-set-and-equality-validators" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Range, set and equality validators<a class="headerlink" href="#range-set-and-equality-validators" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <section id="is-equal-to">
-<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_EQUAL_TO</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-equal-to" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_EQUAL_TO</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-equal-to" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>Checks whether the validated value is equal to a given value (which can be a variable):</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">requires</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">IS_EQUAL_TO</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">vars</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">password</span><span class="p">,</span>
                     <span class="n">error_message</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;passwords do not match&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
@@ -935,7 +935,7 @@ <h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_EQUAL_TO</sp
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="is-not-empty">
-<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_NOT_EMPTY</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-not-empty" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_NOT_EMPTY</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-not-empty" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>This validator checks that the content of the field value is neither None nor an empty string nor an empty list. A string value is checked for after a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.strip()</span></code>.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">requires</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">IS_NOT_EMPTY</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">error_message</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;cannot be empty!&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
 </pre></div>
@@ -946,11 +946,11 @@ <h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_NOT_EMPTY</s
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="is-null-or">
-<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_NULL_OR</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-null-or" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_NULL_OR</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-null-or" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>Deprecated, an alias for <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_EMPTY_OR</span></code> described below.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="is-empty-or">
-<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_EMPTY_OR</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-empty-or" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_EMPTY_OR</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-empty-or" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>Sometimes you need to allow empty values on a field along with other requirements. For example a field may be a date but it can also be empty.
 The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_EMPTY_OR</span></code> validator allows this:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">requires</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">IS_EMPTY_OR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">IS_DATE</span><span class="p">())</span>
@@ -964,7 +964,7 @@ <h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_EMPTY_OR</sp
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="is-expr">
-<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_EXPR</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-expr" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_EXPR</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-expr" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>This validator let you express a general condition by means of a callable which takes a value to validate and returns the error message or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code> to accept the input value.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">requires</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">IS_EXPR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">lambda</span> <span class="n">v</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">T</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;not divisible by 3&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="mi">3</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">)</span>
 </pre></div>
@@ -982,7 +982,7 @@ <h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_EXPR</span><
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="is-decimal-in-range">
-<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_DECIMAL_IN_RANGE</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-decimal-in-range" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_DECIMAL_IN_RANGE</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-decimal-in-range" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">INPUT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">_type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;text&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;name&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">requires</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">IS_DECIMAL_IN_RANGE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dot</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;.&quot;</span><span class="p">))</span>
 </pre></div>
 </div>
@@ -994,7 +994,7 @@ <h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_DECIMAL_IN_R
 <p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dot</span></code> argument is optional and allows you to internationalize the symbol used to separate the decimals.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="is-float-in-range">
-<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_FLOAT_IN_RANGE</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-float-in-range" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_FLOAT_IN_RANGE</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-float-in-range" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>Checks that the field value is a floating point number within a definite range, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span> <span class="pre">&lt;=</span> <span class="pre">value</span> <span class="pre">&lt;=</span> <span class="pre">100</span></code> in the following example:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">requires</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">IS_FLOAT_IN_RANGE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dot</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;.&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
                             <span class="n">error_message</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;negative or too large!&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
@@ -1003,7 +1003,7 @@ <h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_FLOAT_IN_RAN
 <p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dot</span></code> argument is optional and allows you to internationalize the symbol used to separate the decimals.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="is-int-in-range">
-<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_INT_IN_RANGE</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-int-in-range" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_INT_IN_RANGE</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-int-in-range" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <dl>
 <dt>Checks that the field value is an integer number within a definite range,</dt><dd><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span> <span class="pre">&lt;=</span> <span class="pre">value</span> <span class="pre">&lt;</span> <span class="pre">100</span></code> in the following example:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">requires</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">IS_INT_IN_RANGE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">,</span>
@@ -1014,7 +1014,7 @@ <h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_INT_IN_RANGE
 </dl>
 </section>
 <section id="is-in-set">
-<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_IN_SET</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-in-set" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_IN_SET</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-in-set" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>This validator will automatically set the form field to an option field (ie, with a drop-down menu).</p>
 <p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_IN_SET</span></code> checks that the field values are in a set:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">requires</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">IS_IN_SET</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="s1">&#39;a&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;b&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;c&#39;</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">zero</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;choose one&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span>
@@ -1032,14 +1032,14 @@ <h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_IN_SET</span
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="checkbox-validation">
-<h4>Checkbox validation<a class="headerlink" href="#checkbox-validation" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4>Checkbox validation<a class="headerlink" href="#checkbox-validation" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>To force a filled-in form checkbox (such as an acceptance of terms and conditions), use this:</p>
-<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">requires</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">IS_IN_SET</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="s1">&#39;on&#39;</span><span class="p">])</span>
+<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">requires</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">IS_IN_SET</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="s1">&#39;ON&#39;</span><span class="p">])</span>
 </pre></div>
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="dictionaries-and-tuples-with-is-in-set">
-<h4>Dictionaries and tuples with IS_IN_SET<a class="headerlink" href="#dictionaries-and-tuples-with-is-in-set" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4>Dictionaries and tuples with IS_IN_SET<a class="headerlink" href="#dictionaries-and-tuples-with-is-in-set" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>You may also use a dictionary or a list of tuples to make the drop down list more descriptive:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># Dictionary example:</span>
 <span class="n">requires</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">IS_IN_SET</span><span class="p">({</span><span class="s1">&#39;A&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="s1">&#39;Apple&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;B&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="s1">&#39;Banana&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;C&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="s1">&#39;Cherry&#39;</span><span class="p">},</span> <span class="n">zero</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">)</span>
@@ -1050,14 +1050,14 @@ <h4>Dictionaries and tuples with IS_IN_SET<a class="headerlink" href="#dictionar
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="sorted-options">
-<h4>Sorted options<a class="headerlink" href="#sorted-options" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4>Sorted options<a class="headerlink" href="#sorted-options" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>To keep the options alphabetically sorted by their labels into the drop down list, use the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sort</span></code> argument with IS_IN_SET.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">IS_IN_SET</span><span class="p">([(</span><span class="s1">&#39;H&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Hulk&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;S&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Superman&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;B&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Batman&#39;</span><span class="p">)],</span> <span class="n">sort</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
 </pre></div>
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="is-in-set-and-tagging">
-<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_IN_SET</span></code> and Tagging<a class="headerlink" href="#is-in-set-and-tagging" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_IN_SET</span></code> and Tagging<a class="headerlink" href="#is-in-set-and-tagging" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_IN_SET</span></code> validator has an optional attribute <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">multiple=False</span></code>. If set to True, multiple values can be stored in one
 field. The field should be of type <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">list:integer</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">list:string</span></code> as discussed in [[Chapter 6 ../06#list-type-and-contains]].
 An explicit example of tagging is discussed there. We strongly suggest using the jQuery multiselect plugin to render multiple fields.</p>
@@ -1067,9 +1067,9 @@ <h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_IN_SET</span
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="complexity-and-security-validators">
-<h3>Complexity and security validators<a class="headerlink" href="#complexity-and-security-validators" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Complexity and security validators<a class="headerlink" href="#complexity-and-security-validators" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <section id="is-strong">
-<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_STRONG</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-strong" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_STRONG</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-strong" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>Enforces complexity requirements on a field (usually a password field).</p>
 <p>Example:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">requires</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">IS_STRONG</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">min</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">special</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">upper</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
@@ -1099,7 +1099,7 @@ <h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_STRONG</span
 <span class="pre">number</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">1,</span> <span class="pre">special</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">1</span></code> which otherwise are all sets to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="crypt">
-<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CRYPT</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#crypt" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CRYPT</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#crypt" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>This is also a filter. It performs a secure hash on the input and it is used to prevent passwords from being passed in the clear to the database.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">requires</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">CRYPT</span><span class="p">()</span>
 </pre></div>
@@ -1131,9 +1131,9 @@ <h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CRYPT</span></c
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="special-type-validators">
-<h3>Special type validators<a class="headerlink" href="#special-type-validators" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Special type validators<a class="headerlink" href="#special-type-validators" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <section id="is-list-of">
-<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_LIST_OF</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-list-of" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_LIST_OF</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-list-of" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>This validator helps you to ensure length limits on values of type list, for this purpose use its <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">minimum</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">maximum</span></code>, and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">error_message</span></code>
 arguments, for example:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">requires</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">IS_LIST_OF</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">minimum</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
@@ -1152,7 +1152,7 @@ <h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_LIST_OF</spa
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="is-list-of-emails">
-<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_LIST_OF_EMAILS</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-list-of-emails" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_LIST_OF_EMAILS</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-list-of-emails" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>This validator is specifically designed to work with the following field:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">Field</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;emails&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;list:string&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
       <span class="n">widget</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">SQLFORM</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">widgets</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">text</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">widget</span><span class="p">,</span>
@@ -1178,7 +1178,7 @@ <h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_LIST_OF_EMAI
 <p>The effect of the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">represent</span></code> argument (at lines 6 and 7) is to add a “mailto:…” link to each email address when the record is rendered in HTML pages.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="any-of">
-<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ANY_OF</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#any-of" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ANY_OF</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#any-of" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>This validator takes a list of validators and accepts a value if any of the validators in the list does (i.e. it acts like a logical
 OR with respect to given validators).</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">requires</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ANY_OF</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="n">IS_ALPHANUMERIC</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="n">IS_EMAIL</span><span class="p">()])</span>
@@ -1195,7 +1195,7 @@ <h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ANY_OF</span></
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="is-image">
-<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_IMAGE</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-image" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_IMAGE</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-image" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>This validator checks if a file uploaded through the file input was saved in one of the selected image formats and has dimensions (width and height)
 within given limits.</p>
 <p>It does not check for maximum file size (use IS_LENGTH for that). It returns
@@ -1230,7 +1230,7 @@ <h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_IMAGE</span>
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="is-file">
-<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_FILE</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-file" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_FILE</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-file" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>Checks if name and extension of file uploaded through file input matches given criteria.</p>
 <p>Does <em>not</em> ensure the file type in any way. Returns validation failure if no data was uploaded.</p>
 <p>Its arguments are:</p>
@@ -1270,7 +1270,7 @@ <h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_FILE</span><
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="is-upload-filename">
-<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_UPLOAD_FILENAME</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-upload-filename" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_UPLOAD_FILENAME</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-upload-filename" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>This is the older implementation for checking files, included for backwards compatibility.  For new applications, use <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_FILE()</span></code>.</p>
 <p>This validator checks if the name and extension of a file uploaded through the file input matches the given criteria.</p>
 <p>It does not ensure the file type in any way. Returns validation failure
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ <h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_UPLOAD_FILEN
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="is-ipv4">
-<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_IPV4</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-ipv4" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_IPV4</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-ipv4" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>This validator checks if a field’s value is an IP version 4 address in decimal form. Can
 be set to force addresses from a certain range.</p>
 <p>IPv4 regex taken from <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">regexlib</span></code>. The signature for the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_IPV4</span></code> constructor is the following:</p>
@@ -1347,7 +1347,7 @@ <h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_IPV4</span><
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="is-ipv6">
-<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_IPV6</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-ipv6" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_IPV6</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-ipv6" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>This validator checks if a field’s value is an IP version 6 address.</p>
 <p>The signature for the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_IPV6</span></code> constructor is the following:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">IS_IPV6</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">is_private</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span>
@@ -1394,7 +1394,7 @@ <h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_IPV6</span><
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="is-ipaddress">
-<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_IPADDRESS</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-ipaddress" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_IPADDRESS</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-ipaddress" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>This validator checks if a field’s value is an IP address (either version 4 or version 6).
 Can be set to force addresses from within a specific range.
 Checks are done using the appropriate <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_IPV4</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_IPV6</span></code> validator.</p>
@@ -1426,9 +1426,9 @@ <h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_IPADDRESS</s
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="other-validators">
-<h3>Other validators<a class="headerlink" href="#other-validators" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Other validators<a class="headerlink" href="#other-validators" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <section id="cleanup">
-<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CLEANUP</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#cleanup" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CLEANUP</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#cleanup" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>This is a filter. It never fails. By default it just removes all characters whose decimal ASCII codes
 are not in the list [10, 13, 32-127]. It always perform an initial strip (i.e. heading and trailing blank characters removal) on the value.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">requires</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">CLEANUP</span><span class="p">()</span>
@@ -1442,9 +1442,9 @@ <h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CLEANUP</span><
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="database-validators">
-<h3>Database validators<a class="headerlink" href="#database-validators" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Database validators<a class="headerlink" href="#database-validators" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <section id="is-not-in-db">
-<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_NOT_IN_DB</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-not-in-db" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_NOT_IN_DB</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-not-in-db" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>Synopsis:
 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_NOT_IN_DB(db|set,</span> <span class="pre">'table.field')</span></code></p>
 <p>Consider the following example:</p>
@@ -1480,7 +1480,7 @@ <h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_NOT_IN_DB</s
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="is-in-db">
-<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_IN_DB</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-in-db" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_IN_DB</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-in-db" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>Synopsis:
 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_IN_DB(db|set,</span> <span class="pre">'table.value_field',</span> <span class="pre">'%(representing_field)s',</span> <span class="pre">zero='choose</span> <span class="pre">one')</span></code>
 where the third and fourth arguments are optional.</p>
@@ -1539,7 +1539,7 @@ <h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_IN_DB</span>
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="is-in-db-and-tagging">
-<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_IN_DB</span></code> and Tagging<a class="headerlink" href="#is-in-db-and-tagging" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_IN_DB</span></code> and Tagging<a class="headerlink" href="#is-in-db-and-tagging" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_IN_DB</span></code> validator has an optional attribute <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">multiple=False</span></code>. If set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code> multiple values can be stored in one field.
 This field should be of type <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">list:reference</span></code> as discussed in <a class="reference internal" href="chapter-07.html#list-type-and-contains"><span class="std std-ref">list:&lt;type&gt; and contains</span></a>. An explicit example of
 tagging is discussed there. Multiple references are handled automatically in create and update forms, but they are transparent to
@@ -1547,7 +1547,7 @@ <h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_IN_DB</span>
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="validation-functions">
-<h3>Validation functions<a class="headerlink" href="#validation-functions" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Validation functions<a class="headerlink" href="#validation-functions" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>In order to explicitly define a validation function, we pass to the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">validation</span></code> parameter a
 function that takes the form and returns a dictionary, mapping field
 names to errors. If the dictionary is non-empty, the errors will be
@@ -1615,7 +1615,7 @@ <h3>Validation functions<a class="headerlink" href="#validation-functions" title
      <label for="switch"></label>
      </span>
       
-      v: 1.20230507.1
+      v: 1.20230718.1
       <span class="fa fa-caret-down"></span>
     </span>
     <div class="rst-other-versions">
diff --git a/apps/_documentation/static/en/chapter-13.html b/apps/_documentation/static/en/chapter-13.html
index 996dd4653..9ef151f79 100644
--- a/apps/_documentation/static/en/chapter-13.html
+++ b/apps/_documentation/static/en/chapter-13.html
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html class="writer-html5" lang="en" >
 <head>
-  <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.19: https://docutils.sourceforge.io/" />
+  <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.18.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" />
 
   <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
-  <title>Authentication and authorization &mdash; py4web 1.20230507.1 documentation</title>
+  <title>Authentication and authorization &mdash; py4web 1.20230718.1 documentation</title>
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" />
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/css/theme.css" type="text/css" />
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/tabs.css" type="text/css" />
@@ -14,12 +14,12 @@
     <script src="_static/js/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
   <![endif]-->
   
-        <script src="_static/jquery.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js"></script>
-        <script data-url_root="./" id="documentation_options" src="_static/documentation_options.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/doctools.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/js/toggle.js"></script>
+        <script src="_static/jquery.js?v=5d32c60e"></script>
+        <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js?v=2cd50e6c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/documentation_options.js?v=4c9c9fab"></script>
+        <script src="_static/doctools.js?v=888ff710"></script>
+        <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js?v=dc90522c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/js/toggle.js?v=e1b5a5a1"></script>
     <script src="_static/js/theme.js"></script>
     <link rel="index" title="Index" href="genindex.html" />
     <link rel="search" title="Search" href="search.html" />
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
               <img src="_static/logo.png" class="logo" alt="Logo"/>
           </a>
               <div class="version">
-                1.20230507.1
+                1.20230718.1
               </div>
 <div role="search">
   <form id="rtd-search-form" class="wy-form" action="search.html" method="get">
@@ -89,6 +89,7 @@
 <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#multiple-tags-objects">Multiple Tags objects</a></li>
 </ul>
 </li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#user-impersonation">User Impersonation</a></li>
 </ul>
 </li>
 <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="chapter-14.html">Grid</a></li>
@@ -121,7 +122,7 @@
            <div itemprop="articleBody">
              
   <section id="authentication-and-authorization">
-<h1>Authentication and authorization<a class="headerlink" href="#authentication-and-authorization" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h1>
+<h1>Authentication and authorization<a class="headerlink" href="#authentication-and-authorization" title="Link to this heading"></a></h1>
 <p>Strong authentication and authorization methods are
 vital for a modern, multiuser web application.
 While they are often used interchangeably, authentication and authorization
@@ -131,7 +132,7 @@ <h1>Authentication and authorization<a class="headerlink" href="#authentication-
 <li><p>Authorization gives those users permission to access a resource</p></li>
 </ul>
 <section id="authentication-using-auth">
-<h2>Authentication using Auth<a class="headerlink" href="#authentication-using-auth" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Authentication using Auth<a class="headerlink" href="#authentication-using-auth" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>py4web comes with a an object <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Auth</span></code> and a system of plugins for user
 authentication. It has the same name as the
 corresponding web2py one and serves the same purpose but the API and
@@ -181,7 +182,7 @@ <h2>Authentication using Auth<a class="headerlink" href="#authentication-using-a
 </ul>
 <p>Those marked with a (+) require a logged in user.</p>
 <section id="auth-ui">
-<h3>Auth UI<a class="headerlink" href="#auth-ui" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Auth UI<a class="headerlink" href="#auth-ui" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>You can create your own web UI to login users using the above APIs but
 py4web provides one as an example, implemented in the following files:</p>
 <ul class="simple">
@@ -225,7 +226,7 @@ <h3>Auth UI<a class="headerlink" href="#auth-ui" title="Permalink to this headin
 which in turn activates the Auth action.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="using-auth-inside-actions">
-<h3>Using Auth inside actions<a class="headerlink" href="#using-auth-inside-actions" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Using Auth inside actions<a class="headerlink" href="#using-auth-inside-actions" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>There two ways to use the Auth object in an action.</p>
 <p>The first one does not force a login.  With <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&#64;action.uses(auth)</span></code>
 we tell py4web that this action should have information about the user,
@@ -249,7 +250,7 @@ <h3>Using Auth inside actions<a class="headerlink" href="#using-auth-inside-acti
 a logged in user and should redirect to login if no user is logged in.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="two-factor-authentication">
-<h3>Two Factor Authentication<a class="headerlink" href="#two-factor-authentication" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Two Factor Authentication<a class="headerlink" href="#two-factor-authentication" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Two factor authentication (or Two-step verification) is a way of improving authentication security. When activated an extra step is added in the login process. In the first step, users are shown the standard username/password form. If they successfully pass this challenge by submitting the correct username and password, and two factor authentication is enabled for the user, the server will present a second form before logging them in.</p>
 <p>There are a few Auth settings available to control how two factor authentication works.</p>
 <p>The follow can be specified on Auth instantiation:</p>
@@ -258,7 +259,7 @@ <h3>Two Factor Authentication<a class="headerlink" href="#two-factor-authenticat
 <li><p>two_factor_send</p></li>
 </ul>
 <section id="two-factor-required">
-<h4>two_factor_required<a class="headerlink" href="#two-factor-required" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4>two_factor_required<a class="headerlink" href="#two-factor-required" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>When you pass a method name to the two_factor_filter parameter you are telling py4web to call that method to determine whether or not this login should be use or bypass two factor authentication.  If your method returns True, then this login requires two factor.  If it returns False, two factor authentication is bypassed for this login.</p>
 <p>Sample two_factor_filter method</p>
 <p>This example shows how to allow users that are on a specific network.</p>
@@ -280,7 +281,7 @@ <h4>two_factor_required<a class="headerlink" href="#two-factor-required" title="
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="two-factor-send">
-<h4>two_factor_send<a class="headerlink" href="#two-factor-send" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4>two_factor_send<a class="headerlink" href="#two-factor-send" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>When two factor authentication is active, py4web generates a 6 digit code (using random.randint) and sends it to you. How this code is sent, is up to you. The two_factor_send argument to the Auth class allows you to specify the method that sends the two factor code to the user.</p>
 <p>This example shows how to send an email with the two factor code:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">send_two_factor_email</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">user</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">code</span><span class="p">):</span>
@@ -304,7 +305,7 @@ <h4>two_factor_send<a class="headerlink" href="#two-factor-send" title="Permalin
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="two-factor-tries">
-<h4>two_factor_tries<a class="headerlink" href="#two-factor-tries" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4>two_factor_tries<a class="headerlink" href="#two-factor-tries" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>By default, the user has 3 attempts to pass two factor authentication. You can override this after using:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">auth</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">param</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">two_factor_tries</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">5</span>
 </pre></div>
@@ -327,7 +328,7 @@ <h4>two_factor_tries<a class="headerlink" href="#two-factor-tries" title="Permal
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="auth-plugins">
-<h3>Auth Plugins<a class="headerlink" href="#auth-plugins" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Auth Plugins<a class="headerlink" href="#auth-plugins" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Plugins are defined in “py4web/utils/auth_plugins” and they have a
 hierarchical structure. Some are exclusive and some are not. For example,
 default, LDAP, PAM, and SAML are exclusive (the developer has to pick
@@ -339,7 +340,7 @@ <h3>Auth Plugins<a class="headerlink" href="#auth-plugins" title="Permalink to t
 <p>In the _scaffold/settings.py and _scaffold/common.py files you can see
 the default settings for the supported plugins.</p>
 <section id="pam">
-<h4>PAM<a class="headerlink" href="#pam" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4>PAM<a class="headerlink" href="#pam" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>Configuring PAM is the easiest:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">py4web.utils.auth_plugins.pam_plugin</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">PamPlugin</span>
 <span class="n">auth</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">register_plugin</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">PamPlugin</span><span class="p">())</span>
@@ -358,7 +359,7 @@ <h4>PAM<a class="headerlink" href="#pam" title="Permalink to this heading"></
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="ldap">
-<h4>LDAP<a class="headerlink" href="#ldap" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4>LDAP<a class="headerlink" href="#ldap" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>This is a common authentication method, especially using Microsoft Active Directory in enterprises.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">py4web.utils.auth_plugins.ldap_plugin</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">LDAPPlugin</span>
 <span class="n">LDAP_SETTING</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span>
@@ -376,7 +377,7 @@ <h4>LDAP<a class="headerlink" href="#ldap" title="Permalink to this heading">
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="oauth2-with-google">
-<h4>OAuth2 with Google<a class="headerlink" href="#oauth2-with-google" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4>OAuth2 with Google<a class="headerlink" href="#oauth2-with-google" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">py4web.utils.auth_plugins.oauth2google</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">OAuth2Google</span> <span class="c1"># TESTED</span>
 <span class="n">auth</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">register_plugin</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">OAuth2Google</span><span class="p">(</span>
     <span class="n">client_id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">CLIENT_ID</span><span class="p">,</span>
@@ -387,7 +388,7 @@ <h4>OAuth2 with Google<a class="headerlink" href="#oauth2-with-google" title="Pe
 <p>The client id and client secret must be provided by Google.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="oauth2-with-facebook">
-<h4>OAuth2 with Facebook<a class="headerlink" href="#oauth2-with-facebook" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4>OAuth2 with Facebook<a class="headerlink" href="#oauth2-with-facebook" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">py4web.utils.auth_plugins.oauth2facebook</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">OAuth2Facebook</span> <span class="c1"># UNTESTED</span>
 <span class="n">auth</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">register_plugin</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">OAuth2Facebook</span><span class="p">(</span>
     <span class="n">client_id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">CLIENT_ID</span><span class="p">,</span>
@@ -398,7 +399,7 @@ <h4>OAuth2 with Facebook<a class="headerlink" href="#oauth2-with-facebook" title
 <p>The client id and client secret must be provided by Facebook.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="oauth2-with-discord">
-<h4>OAuth2 with Discord<a class="headerlink" href="#oauth2-with-discord" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4>OAuth2 with Discord<a class="headerlink" href="#oauth2-with-discord" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">py4web.utils.auth_plugins.oauth2discord</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">OAuth2Discord</span>
 <span class="n">auth</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">register_plugin</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">OAuth2Discord</span><span class="p">(</span>
     <span class="n">client_id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">DISCORD_CLIENT_ID</span><span class="p">,</span>
@@ -418,12 +419,12 @@ <h4>OAuth2 with Discord<a class="headerlink" href="#oauth2-with-discord" title="
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="authorization-using-tags">
-<h2>Authorization using Tags<a class="headerlink" href="#authorization-using-tags" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Authorization using Tags<a class="headerlink" href="#authorization-using-tags" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>As already mentioned, authorization is the process of verifying what specific
 applications, files, and data a user has access to. This is accomplished
 in py4web using <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Tags</span></code>.</p>
 <section id="tags-and-permissions">
-<h3>Tags and Permissions<a class="headerlink" href="#tags-and-permissions" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Tags and Permissions<a class="headerlink" href="#tags-and-permissions" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Py4web provides a general purpose tagging
 mechanism that allows the developer to tag any record of any table,
 check for the existence of tags, as well as checking for records
@@ -501,7 +502,7 @@ <h3>Tags and Permissions<a class="headerlink" href="#tags-and-permissions" title
 <p>This means that slashes have a special meaning for tags.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="multiple-tags-objects">
-<h3>Multiple Tags objects<a class="headerlink" href="#multiple-tags-objects" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Multiple Tags objects<a class="headerlink" href="#multiple-tags-objects" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <div class="admonition note">
 <p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
 <p>One table can have multiple associated <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Tags</span></code> objects. The
@@ -546,6 +547,25 @@ <h3>Multiple Tags objects<a class="headerlink" href="#multiple-tags-objects" tit
 the user has the permission.</p>
 </section>
 </section>
+<section id="user-impersonation">
+<h2>User Impersonation<a class="headerlink" href="#user-impersonation" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
+<p>It is possible to impersonate a user. As an example here is an action that, when called with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">?user_id={number}</span></code>
+start impersonation and when called without <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">?user_id</span></code> will stop impersonation:</p>
+<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nd">@action</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;impersonate&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="nd">@action</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">uses</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">auth</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">user</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">switch_impersonation</span><span class="p">():</span>
+    <span class="nb">id</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">request</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">query</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;user_id&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">auth</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">is_impersonating</span><span class="p">():</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">user_id</span> <span class="ow">or</span> <span class="n">auth</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">user_id</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="n">user_id</span><span class="p">:</span>
+         <span class="n">auth</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stop_impersonation</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">next_url</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">URL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;index&quot;</span><span class="p">))</span>
+    <span class="c1"># if we are not impersonating and a user email is specificed</span>
+    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">auth</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">is_impersonating</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">user_id</span><span class="p">:</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">db</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">auth_user</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">id</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">user_id</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="n">count</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">:</span>
+             <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="n">HTTP</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">404</span><span class="p">)</span>
+        <span class="n">auth</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">impersonate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">user_id</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">next_url</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">URL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;index&quot;</span><span class="p">))</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</section>
 </section>
 
 
@@ -584,7 +604,7 @@ <h3>Multiple Tags objects<a class="headerlink" href="#multiple-tags-objects" tit
      <label for="switch"></label>
      </span>
       
-      v: 1.20230507.1
+      v: 1.20230718.1
       <span class="fa fa-caret-down"></span>
     </span>
     <div class="rst-other-versions">
diff --git a/apps/_documentation/static/en/chapter-14.html b/apps/_documentation/static/en/chapter-14.html
index 76b77ab05..2088c50bf 100644
--- a/apps/_documentation/static/en/chapter-14.html
+++ b/apps/_documentation/static/en/chapter-14.html
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html class="writer-html5" lang="en" >
 <head>
-  <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.19: https://docutils.sourceforge.io/" />
+  <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.18.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" />
 
   <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
-  <title>Grid &mdash; py4web 1.20230507.1 documentation</title>
+  <title>Grid &mdash; py4web 1.20230718.1 documentation</title>
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" />
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/css/theme.css" type="text/css" />
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/tabs.css" type="text/css" />
@@ -14,12 +14,12 @@
     <script src="_static/js/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
   <![endif]-->
   
-        <script src="_static/jquery.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js"></script>
-        <script data-url_root="./" id="documentation_options" src="_static/documentation_options.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/doctools.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/js/toggle.js"></script>
+        <script src="_static/jquery.js?v=5d32c60e"></script>
+        <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js?v=2cd50e6c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/documentation_options.js?v=4c9c9fab"></script>
+        <script src="_static/doctools.js?v=888ff710"></script>
+        <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js?v=dc90522c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/js/toggle.js?v=e1b5a5a1"></script>
     <script src="_static/js/theme.js"></script>
     <link rel="index" title="Index" href="genindex.html" />
     <link rel="search" title="Search" href="search.html" />
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
               <img src="_static/logo.png" class="logo" alt="Logo"/>
           </a>
               <div class="version">
-                1.20230507.1
+                1.20230718.1
               </div>
 <div role="search">
   <form id="rtd-search-form" class="wy-form" action="search.html" method="get">
@@ -113,12 +113,12 @@
            <div itemprop="articleBody">
              
   <section id="grid">
-<h1>Grid<a class="headerlink" href="#grid" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h1>
+<h1>Grid<a class="headerlink" href="#grid" title="Link to this heading"></a></h1>
 <p>py4web comes with a Grid object providing grid and CRUD (create, update and delete) capabilities.
 This allows you to quickly and safely provide an interface to your data. Since it’s also
 highly customizable, it’s the corner stone of most py4web’s applications.</p>
 <section id="key-features">
-<h2>Key features<a class="headerlink" href="#key-features" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Key features<a class="headerlink" href="#key-features" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <ul class="simple">
 <li><p>Full CRUD with Delete Confirmation</p></li>
 <li><p>Click column heads for sorting - click again for DESC</p></li>
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ <h2>Key features<a class="headerlink" href="#key-features" title="Permalink to t
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="basic-grid-example">
-<h2>Basic grid example<a class="headerlink" href="#basic-grid-example" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Basic grid example<a class="headerlink" href="#basic-grid-example" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>In this simple example we will make a grid over the superhero table.</p>
 <p>Create a new minimal app called <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">grid</span></code>. Change it with the following content.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># in grid/__init__.py</span>
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ <h2>Basic grid example<a class="headerlink" href="#basic-grid-example" title="Pe
 And don’t forget Jim Steil’s detailed tutorial on <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/jpsteil/grid_tutorial">https://github.com/jpsteil/grid_tutorial</a>.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="the-grid-object">
-<h2>The Grid object<a class="headerlink" href="#the-grid-object" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>The Grid object<a class="headerlink" href="#the-grid-object" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Grid</span><span class="p">:</span>
    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span>
       <span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span>
@@ -338,7 +338,7 @@ <h2>The Grid object<a class="headerlink" href="#the-grid-object" title="Permalin
 </div>
 <p>See also <a class="reference internal" href="#using-callable-parameters"><span class="std std-ref">Using callable parameters</span></a> later on.</p>
 <section id="searching-and-filtering">
-<h3>Searching and filtering<a class="headerlink" href="#searching-and-filtering" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Searching and filtering<a class="headerlink" href="#searching-and-filtering" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>There are two ways to build a search form:</p>
 <ul class="simple">
 <li><p>Provide a search_queries list</p></li>
@@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ <h3>Searching and filtering<a class="headerlink" href="#searching-and-filtering"
 by yourself.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="crud-settings">
-<h3>CRUD settings<a class="headerlink" href="#crud-settings" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>CRUD settings<a class="headerlink" href="#crud-settings" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>The grid provides CRUD (create, read, update and delete) capabilities
 utilizing py4web Form.
 You can turn off CRUD features by setting
@@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ <h3>CRUD settings<a class="headerlink" href="#crud-settings" title="Permalink to
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="custom-columns">
-<h2>Custom columns<a class="headerlink" href="#custom-columns" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Custom columns<a class="headerlink" href="#custom-columns" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>If the grid does not involve a join but displays results from a single table
 you can specify a list of columns. Columns are highly customizable.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">py4web.utils.grid</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Column</span>
@@ -402,7 +402,7 @@ <h2>Custom columns<a class="headerlink" href="#custom-columns" title="Permalink
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="using-templates">
-<h2>Using templates<a class="headerlink" href="#using-templates" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Using templates<a class="headerlink" href="#using-templates" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>Use the following to render your grid or CRUD forms in your templates.</p>
 <p>Display the grid or a CRUD Form</p>
 <div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>[[=grid.render()]]
@@ -433,7 +433,7 @@ <h2>Using templates<a class="headerlink" href="#using-templates" title="Permalin
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="customizing-style">
-<h2>Customizing style<a class="headerlink" href="#customizing-style" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Customizing style<a class="headerlink" href="#customizing-style" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>You can provide your own formstyle or grid classes and style to grid.</p>
 <ul class="simple">
 <li><p>formstyle is the same as a Form formstyle, used to style the CRUD
@@ -448,7 +448,7 @@ <h2>Customizing style<a class="headerlink" href="#customizing-style" title="Perm
 your choice. Unfortunately, one based on <strong>bootstrap</strong> is still missing.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="custom-action-buttons">
-<h2>Custom Action Buttons<a class="headerlink" href="#custom-action-buttons" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Custom Action Buttons<a class="headerlink" href="#custom-action-buttons" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>As with web2py, you can add additional buttons to each row in your grid.
 You do this by providing <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pre_action_buttons</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">post_action_buttons</span></code> to
 the Grid <strong>init</strong> method.</p>
@@ -461,7 +461,7 @@ <h2>Custom Action Buttons<a class="headerlink" href="#custom-action-buttons" tit
 <p>You can build your own Action Button class to pass to pre/post action
 buttons based on the template below (this is not provided with py4web).</p>
 <section id="sample-action-button-class">
-<h3>Sample Action Button Class<a class="headerlink" href="#sample-action-button-class" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Sample Action Button Class<a class="headerlink" href="#sample-action-button-class" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">GridActionButton</span><span class="p">:</span>
  <span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span>
      <span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span>
@@ -526,7 +526,7 @@ <h3>Sample Action Button Class<a class="headerlink" href="#sample-action-button-
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="using-callable-parameters">
-<h3>Using callable parameters<a class="headerlink" href="#using-callable-parameters" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Using callable parameters<a class="headerlink" href="#using-callable-parameters" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>A recent improvement to py4web allows you to pass a <strong>callable</strong> instead of a GridActionButton. This allow you to more easily change the behaviour
 of standard and custom Actions.</p>
 <p>Callable can be used with:</p>
@@ -576,7 +576,7 @@ <h3>Using callable parameters<a class="headerlink" href="#using-callable-paramet
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="reference-fields">
-<h2>Reference Fields<a class="headerlink" href="#reference-fields" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Reference Fields<a class="headerlink" href="#reference-fields" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>When displaying fields in a PyDAL table, you sometimes want to display a
 more descriptive field than a foreign key value. There are a couple of
 ways to handle that with the py4web grid.</p>
@@ -650,7 +650,7 @@ <h2>Reference Fields<a class="headerlink" href="#reference-fields" title="Permal
      <label for="switch"></label>
      </span>
       
-      v: 1.20230507.1
+      v: 1.20230718.1
       <span class="fa fa-caret-down"></span>
     </span>
     <div class="rst-other-versions">
diff --git a/apps/_documentation/static/en/chapter-15.html b/apps/_documentation/static/en/chapter-15.html
index 37ce3a78e..dba4c10c7 100644
--- a/apps/_documentation/static/en/chapter-15.html
+++ b/apps/_documentation/static/en/chapter-15.html
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html class="writer-html5" lang="en" >
 <head>
-  <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.19: https://docutils.sourceforge.io/" />
+  <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.18.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" />
 
   <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
-  <title>From web2py to py4web &mdash; py4web 1.20230507.1 documentation</title>
+  <title>From web2py to py4web &mdash; py4web 1.20230718.1 documentation</title>
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" />
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/css/theme.css" type="text/css" />
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/tabs.css" type="text/css" />
@@ -14,12 +14,12 @@
     <script src="_static/js/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
   <![endif]-->
   
-        <script src="_static/jquery.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js"></script>
-        <script data-url_root="./" id="documentation_options" src="_static/documentation_options.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/doctools.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/js/toggle.js"></script>
+        <script src="_static/jquery.js?v=5d32c60e"></script>
+        <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js?v=2cd50e6c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/documentation_options.js?v=4c9c9fab"></script>
+        <script src="_static/doctools.js?v=888ff710"></script>
+        <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js?v=dc90522c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/js/toggle.js?v=e1b5a5a1"></script>
     <script src="_static/js/theme.js"></script>
     <link rel="index" title="Index" href="genindex.html" />
     <link rel="search" title="Search" href="search.html" />
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
               <img src="_static/logo.png" class="logo" alt="Logo"/>
           </a>
               <div class="version">
-                1.20230507.1
+                1.20230718.1
               </div>
 <div role="search">
   <form id="rtd-search-form" class="wy-form" action="search.html" method="get">
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@
            <div itemprop="articleBody">
              
   <section id="from-web2py-to-py4web">
-<h1>From web2py to py4web<a class="headerlink" href="#from-web2py-to-py4web" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h1>
+<h1>From web2py to py4web<a class="headerlink" href="#from-web2py-to-py4web" title="Link to this heading"></a></h1>
 <p>This chapter is dedicated to help users for porting old web2py applications to py4web.</p>
 <p>Web2py and py4web share many similarities and some differences. For example they share the same
 database abstraction layer (pyDAL) which means pydal table definitions and queries are identical
@@ -198,9 +198,9 @@ <h1>From web2py to py4web<a class="headerlink" href="#from-web2py-to-py4web" tit
 may change in the future.</p></li>
 </ul>
 <section id="simple-conversion-examples">
-<h2>Simple conversion examples<a class="headerlink" href="#simple-conversion-examples" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Simple conversion examples<a class="headerlink" href="#simple-conversion-examples" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <section id="hello-world-example">
-<h3>“Hello world” example<a class="headerlink" href="#hello-world-example" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>“Hello world” example<a class="headerlink" href="#hello-world-example" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p><strong>web2py</strong></p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># in controllers/default.py</span>
 <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">index</span><span class="p">():</span>
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ <h3>“Hello world” example<a class="headerlink" href="#hello-world-example" t
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="redirect-with-variables-example">
-<h3>“Redirect with variables” example<a class="headerlink" href="#redirect-with-variables-example" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>“Redirect with variables” example<a class="headerlink" href="#redirect-with-variables-example" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p><strong>web2py</strong></p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">request</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_vars</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span>
 <span class="n">request</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">post_vars</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span>
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ <h3>“Redirect with variables” example<a class="headerlink" href="#redirect-w
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="returning-variables-example">
-<h3>“Returning variables” example<a class="headerlink" href="#returning-variables-example" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>“Returning variables” example<a class="headerlink" href="#returning-variables-example" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p><strong>web2py</strong></p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">index</span><span class="p">():</span>
    <span class="n">a</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">request</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_vars</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">a</span>
@@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ <h3>“Returning variables” example<a class="headerlink" href="#returning-vari
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="returning-args-example">
-<h3>“Returning args” example<a class="headerlink" href="#returning-args-example" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>“Returning args” example<a class="headerlink" href="#returning-args-example" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p><strong>web2py</strong></p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">index</span><span class="p">():</span>
    <span class="n">a</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">b</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">c</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">request</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">args</span>
@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ <h3>“Returning args” example<a class="headerlink" href="#returning-args-exam
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="return-calling-methods-example">
-<h3>“Return calling methods” example<a class="headerlink" href="#return-calling-methods-example" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>“Return calling methods” example<a class="headerlink" href="#return-calling-methods-example" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p><strong>web2py</strong></p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">index</span><span class="p">():</span>
    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">request</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">method</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">&quot;GET&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span>
@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ <h3>“Return calling methods” example<a class="headerlink" href="#return-call
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="setting-up-a-counter-example">
-<h3>“Setting up a counter” example<a class="headerlink" href="#setting-up-a-counter-example" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>“Setting up a counter” example<a class="headerlink" href="#setting-up-a-counter-example" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p><strong>web2py</strong></p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">counter</span><span class="p">():</span>
    <span class="n">session</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">counter</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">session</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">counter</span> <span class="ow">or</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
@@ -306,7 +306,7 @@ <h3>“Setting up a counter” example<a class="headerlink" href="#setting-up-a-
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="view-example">
-<h3>“View” example<a class="headerlink" href="#view-example" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>“View” example<a class="headerlink" href="#view-example" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p><strong>web2py</strong></p>
 <div class="highlight-html notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>{{ extend &#39;layout.html&#39; }}
 <span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">div</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
@@ -327,7 +327,7 @@ <h3>“View” example<a class="headerlink" href="#view-example" title="Permalin
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="form-and-flash-example">
-<h3>“Form and flash” example<a class="headerlink" href="#form-and-flash-example" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>“Form and flash” example<a class="headerlink" href="#form-and-flash-example" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p><strong>web2py</strong></p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">define_table</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;thing&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Field</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;name&#39;</span><span class="p">))</span>
 
@@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ <h3>“Form and flash” example<a class="headerlink" href="#form-and-flash-exam
 So if you instantiate multiple Flash objects they share their data.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="grid-example">
-<h3>“grid” example<a class="headerlink" href="#grid-example" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>“grid” example<a class="headerlink" href="#grid-example" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p><strong>web2py</strong></p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">index</span><span class="p">():</span>
    <span class="n">grid</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">SQLFORM</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">grid</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">thing</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">editable</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
@@ -385,7 +385,7 @@ <h3>“grid” example<a class="headerlink" href="#grid-example" title="Permalin
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="accessing-os-files-example">
-<h3>“Accessing OS files” example<a class="headerlink" href="#accessing-os-files-example" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>“Accessing OS files” example<a class="headerlink" href="#accessing-os-files-example" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p><strong>web2py</strong></p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">file_path</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">folder</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;file.csv&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
 </pre></div>
@@ -397,7 +397,7 @@ <h3>“Accessing OS files” example<a class="headerlink" href="#accessing-os-fi
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="auth-example">
-<h3>“auth” example<a class="headerlink" href="#auth-example" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>“auth” example<a class="headerlink" href="#auth-example" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p><strong>web2py</strong></p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">auth</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Auth</span><span class="p">()</span>
 <span class="n">auth</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">define_tables</span><span class="p">()</span>
@@ -488,7 +488,7 @@ <h3>“auth” example<a class="headerlink" href="#auth-example" title="Permalin
      <label for="switch"></label>
      </span>
       
-      v: 1.20230507.1
+      v: 1.20230718.1
       <span class="fa fa-caret-down"></span>
     </span>
     <div class="rst-other-versions">
diff --git a/apps/_documentation/static/en/chapter-16.html b/apps/_documentation/static/en/chapter-16.html
index 1d466aa17..7d1e768f0 100644
--- a/apps/_documentation/static/en/chapter-16.html
+++ b/apps/_documentation/static/en/chapter-16.html
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html class="writer-html5" lang="en" >
 <head>
-  <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.19: https://docutils.sourceforge.io/" />
+  <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.18.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" />
 
   <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
-  <title>Advanced topics and examples &mdash; py4web 1.20230507.1 documentation</title>
+  <title>Advanced topics and examples &mdash; py4web 1.20230718.1 documentation</title>
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" />
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/css/theme.css" type="text/css" />
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/tabs.css" type="text/css" />
@@ -14,12 +14,12 @@
     <script src="_static/js/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
   <![endif]-->
   
-        <script src="_static/jquery.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js"></script>
-        <script data-url_root="./" id="documentation_options" src="_static/documentation_options.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/doctools.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/js/toggle.js"></script>
+        <script src="_static/jquery.js?v=5d32c60e"></script>
+        <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js?v=2cd50e6c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/documentation_options.js?v=4c9c9fab"></script>
+        <script src="_static/doctools.js?v=888ff710"></script>
+        <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js?v=dc90522c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/js/toggle.js?v=e1b5a5a1"></script>
     <script src="_static/js/theme.js"></script>
     <link rel="index" title="Index" href="genindex.html" />
     <link rel="search" title="Search" href="search.html" />
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
               <img src="_static/logo.png" class="logo" alt="Logo"/>
           </a>
               <div class="version">
-                1.20230507.1
+                1.20230718.1
               </div>
 <div role="search">
   <form id="rtd-search-form" class="wy-form" action="search.html" method="get">
@@ -109,9 +109,9 @@
            <div itemprop="articleBody">
              
   <section id="advanced-topics-and-examples">
-<h1>Advanced topics and examples<a class="headerlink" href="#advanced-topics-and-examples" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h1>
+<h1>Advanced topics and examples<a class="headerlink" href="#advanced-topics-and-examples" title="Link to this heading"></a></h1>
 <section id="py4web-and-asyncio">
-<h2>py4web and asyncio<a class="headerlink" href="#py4web-and-asyncio" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>py4web and asyncio<a class="headerlink" href="#py4web-and-asyncio" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>Asyncio is not strictly needed, at least for most of the normal use
 cases where it will add problems more than value because of its concurrency model.
 On the other hand, we think py4web needs a built-in websocket async based solution.</p>
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ <h2>py4web and asyncio<a class="headerlink" href="#py4web-and-asyncio" title="Pe
 not all the adapters work with async.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="htmx">
-<h2>htmx<a class="headerlink" href="#htmx" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>htmx<a class="headerlink" href="#htmx" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>There are many javascript front-end frameworks available today that allow you great flexibility
 over how you design your web client. Vue, React and Angular are just a few.  However, the
 complexity in building one of these systems prevents many developers from reaping those benefits.
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ <h2>htmx<a class="headerlink" href="#htmx" title="Permalink to this heading">
 <li><p>Includes an htmx attributes plugin for the py4web grid</p></li>
 </ol>
 <section id="htmx-usage-in-form">
-<h3>htmx usage in Form<a class="headerlink" href="#htmx-usage-in-form" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>htmx usage in Form<a class="headerlink" href="#htmx-usage-in-form" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>The py4web Form class allows you to pass **kwargs to it that will be passed along as attributes to the html
 form. For example, to add the hx-post and hx-target to the &lt;form&gt; element you would use:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">attrs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span>
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ <h3>htmx usage in Form<a class="headerlink" href="#htmx-usage-in-form" title="Pe
 required htmx attributes to make sure the htmx_list page is rendered inside the htmx-form-demo DIV.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="htmx-usage-in-grid">
-<h3>htmx usage in Grid<a class="headerlink" href="#htmx-usage-in-grid" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>htmx usage in Grid<a class="headerlink" href="#htmx-usage-in-grid" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>The py4web grid provides an attributes plugin system that allows you to build plugins to provide custom attributes
 for form elements, anchor elements or confirmation messages. py4web also provide an attributes plugin specifically for
 htmx.</p>
@@ -302,7 +302,7 @@ <h3>htmx usage in Grid<a class="headerlink" href="#htmx-usage-in-grid" title="Pe
 Now the forms, links and delete confirmations are all handled by htmx.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="autocomplete-widget-using-htmx">
-<h3>Autocomplete Widget using htmx<a class="headerlink" href="#autocomplete-widget-using-htmx" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Autocomplete Widget using htmx<a class="headerlink" href="#autocomplete-widget-using-htmx" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>htmx can be used for much more than just form/grid processing. In this example we’ll take advantage of htmx and the
 py4web form widgets to build an autocomplete widget that can be used in your forms. <em>NOTE: this is just an example, none
 of this code comes with py4web</em></p>
@@ -506,18 +506,18 @@ <h3>Autocomplete Widget using htmx<a class="headerlink" href="#autocomplete-widg
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="utils-js">
-<h2>utils.js<a class="headerlink" href="#utils-js" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>utils.js<a class="headerlink" href="#utils-js" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>Multiple times in this documentation we have mentioned utils.js which comes with the scaffolding application,
 yet we never clearly listed what is in there. So here it is.</p>
 <section id="string-format">
-<h3>string.format<a class="headerlink" href="#string-format" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>string.format<a class="headerlink" href="#string-format" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>It extends the String object prototype to allow expressions like this:</p>
 <div class="highlight-javascript notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">&quot;hello {name}&quot;</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;Max&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span>
 </pre></div>
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="the-q-object">
-<h3>The Q object<a class="headerlink" href="#the-q-object" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>The Q object<a class="headerlink" href="#the-q-object" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>The Q object can be used like a selector supporting jQuery like syntax:</p>
 <div class="highlight-javascript notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">element</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">Q</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;#element-id&quot;</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">];</span>
 <span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">selected_elements</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">Q</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;.element-class&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span>
@@ -601,7 +601,7 @@ <h3>The Q object<a class="headerlink" href="#the-q-object" title="Permalink to t
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="the-t-object">
-<h3>The T object<a class="headerlink" href="#the-t-object" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>The T object<a class="headerlink" href="#the-t-object" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>This is a Javascript reimplementation of the Python pluralize library in Python
 which is used by the Python T object in py4web. So basically a client-side T.</p>
 <div class="highlight-javascript notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nx">T</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">translations</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="s1">&#39;dog&#39;</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">&#39;no cane&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">&#39;un case&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">2</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">&#39;{n} cani&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">10</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">&#39;tanti cani&#39;</span><span class="p">}};</span>
@@ -756,7 +756,7 @@ <h3>The T object<a class="headerlink" href="#the-t-object" title="Permalink to t
      <label for="switch"></label>
      </span>
       
-      v: 1.20230507.1
+      v: 1.20230718.1
       <span class="fa fa-caret-down"></span>
     </span>
     <div class="rst-other-versions">
diff --git a/apps/_documentation/static/en/genindex.html b/apps/_documentation/static/en/genindex.html
index 4e0a3b464..0b361f15d 100644
--- a/apps/_documentation/static/en/genindex.html
+++ b/apps/_documentation/static/en/genindex.html
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 <head>
   <meta charset="utf-8" />
   <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
-  <title>Index &mdash; py4web 1.20230507.1 documentation</title>
+  <title>Index &mdash; py4web 1.20230718.1 documentation</title>
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" />
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/css/theme.css" type="text/css" />
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/tabs.css" type="text/css" />
@@ -13,13 +13,13 @@
     <script src="_static/js/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
   <![endif]-->
   
-        <script src="_static/jquery.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js"></script>
-        <script data-url_root="./" id="documentation_options" src="_static/documentation_options.js"></script>
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-        <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js"></script>
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 <ul class="simple">
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11, "authent": 12, "author": 12, "ui": 12, "insid": 12, "two": 12, "factor": 12, "two_factor_requir": 12, "two_factor_send": 12, "two_factor_tri": 12, "plugin": 12, "pam": 12, "ldap": 12, "oauth2": 12, "facebook": 12, "permiss": 12, "grid": [13, 14, 15], "search": 13, "crud": 13, "column": 13, "button": 13, "sampl": 13, "class": 13, "callabl": 13, "web2pi": 14, "simpl": 14, "convers": 14, "hello": 14, "world": 14, "redirect": 14, "arg": 14, "up": 14, "counter": 14, "view": 14, "access": 14, "o": 14, "topic": 15, "asyncio": 15, "htmx": 15, "usag": 15, "autocomplet": 15, "util": 15, "j": 15, "q": 15, "t": 15, "content": 16, "indic": 16}, "envversion": {"sphinx.domains.c": 2, "sphinx.domains.changeset": 1, "sphinx.domains.citation": 1, "sphinx.domains.cpp": 8, "sphinx.domains.index": 1, "sphinx.domains.javascript": 2, "sphinx.domains.math": 2, "sphinx.domains.python": 3, "sphinx.domains.rst": 2, "sphinx.domains.std": 2, "sphinx": 57}, "alltitles": {"What is py4web?": [[0, "what-is-py4web"]], "Acknowledgments": [[0, "acknowledgments"]], "Help, resources and hints": [[1, "help-resources-and-hints"]], "Resources": [[1, "resources"]], "This manual": [[1, "this-manual"]], "The Google group": [[1, "the-google-group"]], "The Discord server": [[1, "the-discord-server"]], "Tutorials and video": [[1, "tutorials-and-video"]], "The sources on GitHub": [[1, "the-sources-on-github"]], "Hints and tips": [[1, "hints-and-tips"]], "Prerequisites": [[1, "prerequisites"]], "A modern python workplace": [[1, "a-modern-python-workplace"]], "Debugging py4web with VScode": [[1, "debugging-py4web-with-vscode"]], "Debugging py4web with PyCharm": [[1, "debugging-py4web-with-pycharm"]], "How to contribute": [[1, "how-to-contribute"]], "Installation and Startup": [[2, "installation-and-startup"]], "Understanding the design": [[2, "understanding-the-design"]], "Supported platforms and prerequisites": [[2, "supported-platforms-and-prerequisites"]], "Setup procedures": [[2, "setup-procedures"]], "Installing from binaries": [[2, "installing-from-binaries"]], "Installing from pip": [[2, "installing-from-pip"]], "Installing using a virtual environment": [[2, "installing-using-a-virtual-environment"]], "Installing from source (globally)": [[2, "installing-from-source-globally"]], "Installing from source (locally)": [[2, "installing-from-source-locally"]], "Upgrading": [[2, "upgrading"]], "First run": [[2, "first-run"]], "Command line options": [[2, "command-line-options"]], "call command option": [[2, "call-command-option"]], "new_app command option": [[2, "new-app-command-option"]], "run command option": [[2, "run-command-option"]], "set_password command option": [[2, "set-password-command-option"]], "setup command option": [[2, "setup-command-option"]], "shell command option": [[2, "shell-command-option"]], "version command option": [[2, "version-command-option"]], "Special installations": [[2, "special-installations"]], "HTTPS": [[2, "https"]], "WSGI": [[2, "wsgi"]], "Deployment on GCloud (aka GAE - Google App Engine)": [[2, "deployment-on-gcloud-aka-gae-google-app-engine"]], "Deployment on PythonAnywhere.com": [[2, "deployment-on-pythonanywhere-com"]], "Deployment on Docker/Podman": [[2, "deployment-on-docker-podman"]], "Deployment on Ubuntu": [[2, "deployment-on-ubuntu"]], "The Dashboard": [[3, "the-dashboard"]], "The main Web page": [[3, "the-main-web-page"]], "Login into the Dashboard": [[3, "login-into-the-dashboard"]], "Creating your first app": [[4, "creating-your-first-app"]], "From scratch": [[4, "from-scratch"]], "Static web pages": [[4, "static-web-pages"]], "Dynamic Web Pages": [[4, "dynamic-web-pages"]], "On return values": [[4, "on-return-values"]], "Routes": [[4, "routes"]], "The request object": [[4, "the-request-object"]], "Templates": [[4, "templates"]], "The _scaffold app": [[4, "the-scaffold-app"]], "Copying the _scaffold app": [[4, "copying-the-scaffold-app"]], "Watch for files change": [[4, "watch-for-files-change"]], "Fixtures": [[5, "fixtures"]], "Using Fixtures": [[5, "using-fixtures"]], "The Template fixture": [[5, "the-template-fixture"]], "The Inject fixture": [[5, "the-inject-fixture"]], "The Translator fixture": [[5, "the-translator-fixture"]], "The Flash fixture": [[5, "the-flash-fixture"]], "The Session fixture": [[5, "the-session-fixture"]], "Client-side session in cookies": [[5, "client-side-session-in-cookies"]], "Server-side session in memcache": [[5, "server-side-session-in-memcache"]], "Server-side session in Redis": [[5, "server-side-session-in-redis"]], "Server-side session in database": [[5, "server-side-session-in-database"]], "Server-side session anywhere": [[5, "server-side-session-anywhere"]], "Sharing sessions": [[5, "sharing-sessions"]], "The Condition fixture": [[5, "the-condition-fixture"]], "The URLsigner fixture": [[5, "the-urlsigner-fixture"]], "The DAL fixture": [[5, "the-dal-fixture"]], "The Auth fixture": [[5, "the-auth-fixture"]], "Caveats about fixtures": [[5, "caveats-about-fixtures"]], "Custom fixtures": [[5, "custom-fixtures"]], "Multiple fixtures": [[5, "multiple-fixtures"]], "Caching and Memoize": [[5, "caching-and-memoize"]], "Convenience Decorators": [[5, "convenience-decorators"]], "The Database Abstraction Layer (DAL)": [[6, "the-database-abstraction-layer-dal"]], "DAL introduction": [[6, "dal-introduction"]], "py4web model": [[6, "py4web-model"]], "Supported databases": [[6, "supported-databases"]], "The DAL: a quick tour": [[6, "the-dal-a-quick-tour"]], "Using the DAL \u201cstand-alone\u201d": [[6, "using-the-dal-stand-alone"]], "Experiment with the py4web shell": [[6, "experiment-with-the-py4web-shell"]], "DAL constructor": [[6, "dal-constructor"]], "DAL signature": [[6, "dal-signature"]], "Connection strings (the uri parameter)": [[6, "connection-strings-the-uri-parameter"]], "Connection pooling": [[6, "connection-pooling"]], "Connection failures (attempts parameter)": [[6, 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"rname: Real name": [[6, "rname-real-name"]], "primarykey: Support for legacy tables": [[6, "primarykey-support-for-legacy-tables"]], "migrate, fake_migrate": [[6, "migrate-fake-migrate"]], "table_class": [[6, "table-class"]], "sequence_name": [[6, "sequence-name"]], "trigger_name": [[6, "trigger-name"]], "polymodel": [[6, "polymodel"]], "on_define": [[6, "on-define"]], "Adding attributes to fields and tables": [[6, "adding-attributes-to-fields-and-tables"]], "Legacy databases and keyed tables": [[6, "legacy-databases-and-keyed-tables"]], "Field constructor": [[6, "field-constructor"]], "Field types and validators": [[6, "field-types-and-validators"]], "Run-time field and table modification": [[6, "run-time-field-and-table-modification"]], "More on uploads": [[6, "more-on-uploads"]], "Migrations": [[6, "migrations"]], "Fixing broken migrations": [[6, "fixing-broken-migrations"]], "Migration control summary": [[6, "migration-control-summary"]], "Table methods": [[6, "table-methods"]], "insert": [[6, "insert"]], "Query, Set, Rows": [[6, "query-set-rows"]], "update_or_insert": [[6, "update-or-insert"]], "validate_and_insert, validate_and_update": [[6, "validate-and-insert-validate-and-update"]], "drop": [[6, "drop"]], "Tagging records": [[6, "tagging-records"]], "Raw SQL": [[6, "raw-sql"]], "executesql": [[6, "executesql"]], "_lastsql": [[6, "lastsql"]], "Timing queries": [[6, "timing-queries"]], "Indexes": [[6, "indexes"]], "Generating raw SQL": [[6, "generating-raw-sql"]], "select command": [[6, "select-command"]], "Using an iterator-based select for lower memory use": [[6, "using-an-iterator-based-select-for-lower-memory-use"]], "Rendering rows using represent": [[6, "rendering-rows-using-represent"]], "Shortcuts": [[6, "shortcuts"]], "Fetching a Row": [[6, "fetching-a-row"]], "Recursive selects": [[6, "recursive-selects"]], "orderby, groupby, limitby, distinct, having, orderby_on_limitby, join, left, cache": [[6, "orderby-groupby-limitby-distinct-having-orderby-on-limitby-join-left-cache"]], "orderby": [[6, "orderby"]], "groupby, having": [[6, "groupby-having"]], "distinct": [[6, "distinct"]], "limitby": [[6, "limitby"]], "orderby_on_limitby": [[6, "orderby-on-limitby"]], "join, left": [[6, "join-left"]], "cache, cacheable": [[6, "cache-cacheable"]], "Logical operators": [[6, "logical-operators"]], "count, isempty, delete, update": [[6, "count-isempty-delete-update"]], "Expressions": [[6, "expressions"]], "case": [[6, "case"]], "update_record": [[6, "update-record"]], "Inserting and updating from a dictionary": [[6, "inserting-and-updating-from-a-dictionary"]], "first and last": [[6, "first-and-last"]], "as_dict and as_list": [[6, "as-dict-and-as-list"]], "Combining rows": [[6, "combining-rows"]], "find, exclude, sort": [[6, "find-exclude-sort"]], "Caching selects": [[6, "caching-selects"]], "Computed and Virtual fields": [[6, "computed-and-virtual-fields"]], "Computed fields": [[6, "computed-fields"]], "Virtual fields": [[6, "virtual-fields"]], "New style virtual fields (experimental)": [[6, "new-style-virtual-fields-experimental"]], "Old style virtual fields": [[6, "old-style-virtual-fields"]], "Joins and Relations": [[6, "joins-and-relations"]], "One to many relation": [[6, "one-to-many-relation"]], "Inner join": [[6, "inner-join"]], "Left outer join": [[6, "left-outer-join"]], "Grouping and counting": [[6, "grouping-and-counting"]], "Many to many relation": [[6, "many-to-many-relation"]], "Self-Reference and aliases": [[6, "self-reference-and-aliases"]], "Other operators": [[6, "other-operators"]], "like, ilike, regexp, startswith, endswith, contains, upper, lower": [[6, "like-ilike-regexp-startswith-endswith-contains-upper-lower"]], "year, month, day, hour, minutes, seconds": [[6, "year-month-day-hour-minutes-seconds"]], "belongs": [[6, "belongs"]], "sum, avg, min, max and len": [[6, "sum-avg-min-max-and-len"]], "Substrings": [[6, "substrings"]], "Default values with coalesce and coalesce_zero": [[6, "default-values-with-coalesce-and-coalesce-zero"]], "Exporting and importing data": [[6, "exporting-and-importing-data"]], "CSV (one Table at a time)": [[6, "csv-one-table-at-a-time"]], "CSV (all tables at once)": [[6, "csv-all-tables-at-once"]], "CSV and remote database synchronization": [[6, "csv-and-remote-database-synchronization"]], "HTML and XML (one Table at a time)": [[6, "html-and-xml-one-table-at-a-time"]], "Data representation": [[6, "data-representation"]], "Advanced features": [[6, "advanced-features"]], "list:<type> and contains": [[6, "list-type-and-contains"]], "Table inheritance": [[6, "table-inheritance"]], "filter_in and filter_out": [[6, "filter-in-and-filter-out"]], "callbacks on record insert, delete and update": [[6, "callbacks-on-record-insert-delete-and-update"]], "Database cascades": [[6, "database-cascades"]], "Record versioning": [[6, "record-versioning"]], "Common filters": [[6, "common-filters"]], "Custom Field 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"while": [[8, "while"]], "if...elif...else": [[8, "if-elif-else"]], "try...except...else...finally": [[8, "try-except-else-finally"]], "def...return": [[8, "def-return"]], "Information workflow": [[8, "information-workflow"]], "extend and include": [[8, "extend-and-include"]], "Extending using variables": [[8, "extending-using-variables"]], "Template Functions": [[8, "template-functions"]], "block and super": [[8, "block-and-super"]], "Page layout standard structure": [[8, "page-layout-standard-structure"]], "Default page layout": [[8, "default-page-layout"]], "Mobile development": [[8, "mobile-development"]], "YATL helpers": [[9, "yatl-helpers"]], "Helpers overview": [[9, "helpers-overview"]], "Built-in helpers": [[9, "built-in-helpers"]], "XML": [[9, "xml"]], "A": [[9, "a"]], "BODY": [[9, "body"]], "CAT": [[9, "cat"]], "DIV": [[9, "div"]], "EM": [[9, "em"]], "FORM": [[9, "form"]], "H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6": [[9, "h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-h6"]], "HEAD": [[9, "head"]], "HTML": [[9, "html"]], "I": [[9, "i"]], "IMG": [[9, "img"]], "INPUT": [[9, "input"]], "LABEL": [[9, "label"]], "LI": [[9, "li"]], "OL": [[9, "ol"]], "OPTION": [[9, "option"]], "P": [[9, "p"]], "PRE": [[9, "pre"]], "SCRIPT": [[9, "script"]], "SELECT": [[9, "select"]], "SPAN": [[9, "span"]], "STYLE": [[9, "style"]], "TABLE, TR, TD": [[9, "table-tr-td"]], "TBODY": [[9, "tbody"]], "TEXTAREA": [[9, "textarea"]], "TH": [[9, "th"]], "THEAD": [[9, "thead"]], "TITLE": [[9, "title"]], "TT": [[9, "tt"]], "UL": [[9, "ul"]], "URL": [[9, "url"]], "Custom helpers": [[9, "custom-helpers"]], "TAG": [[9, "tag"]], "BEAUTIFY": [[9, "beautify"]], "Server-side DOM": [[9, "server-side-dom"]], "children": [[9, "children"]], "find": [[9, "find"]], "Using Inject": [[9, "using-inject"]], "Internationalization": [[10, "internationalization"]], "Pluralize": [[10, "pluralize"]], "Update the translation files": [[10, "update-the-translation-files"]], "Forms": [[11, "forms"]], "The Form constructor": [[11, "the-form-constructor"]], "A minimal 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"IS_TIME": [[11, "is-time"]], "IS_DATE": [[11, "is-date"]], "IS_DATETIME": [[11, "is-datetime"]], "IS_DATE_IN_RANGE": [[11, "is-date-in-range"]], "IS_DATETIME_IN_RANGE": [[11, "is-datetime-in-range"]], "Range, set and equality validators": [[11, "range-set-and-equality-validators"]], "IS_EQUAL_TO": [[11, "is-equal-to"]], "IS_NOT_EMPTY": [[11, "is-not-empty"]], "IS_NULL_OR": [[11, "is-null-or"]], "IS_EMPTY_OR": [[11, "is-empty-or"]], "IS_EXPR": [[11, "is-expr"]], "IS_DECIMAL_IN_RANGE": [[11, "is-decimal-in-range"]], "IS_FLOAT_IN_RANGE": [[11, "is-float-in-range"]], "IS_INT_IN_RANGE": [[11, "is-int-in-range"]], "IS_IN_SET": [[11, "is-in-set"]], "Checkbox validation": [[11, "checkbox-validation"]], "Dictionaries and tuples with IS_IN_SET": [[11, "dictionaries-and-tuples-with-is-in-set"]], "Sorted options": [[11, "sorted-options"]], "IS_IN_SET and Tagging": [[11, "is-in-set-and-tagging"]], "Complexity and security validators": [[11, "complexity-and-security-validators"]], "IS_STRONG": [[11, "is-strong"]], "CRYPT": [[11, "crypt"]], "Special type validators": [[11, "special-type-validators"]], "IS_LIST_OF": [[11, "is-list-of"]], "IS_LIST_OF_EMAILS": [[11, "is-list-of-emails"]], "ANY_OF": [[11, "any-of"]], "IS_IMAGE": [[11, "is-image"]], "IS_FILE": [[11, "is-file"]], "IS_UPLOAD_FILENAME": [[11, "is-upload-filename"]], "IS_IPV4": [[11, "is-ipv4"]], "IS_IPV6": [[11, "is-ipv6"]], "IS_IPADDRESS": [[11, "is-ipaddress"]], "Other validators": [[11, "other-validators"]], "CLEANUP": [[11, "cleanup"]], "Database validators": [[11, "database-validators"]], "IS_NOT_IN_DB": [[11, "is-not-in-db"]], "IS_IN_DB": [[11, "is-in-db"]], "IS_IN_DB and Tagging": [[11, "is-in-db-and-tagging"]], "Validation functions": [[11, "validation-functions"]], "Authentication and authorization": [[12, "authentication-and-authorization"]], "Authentication using Auth": [[12, "authentication-using-auth"]], "Auth UI": [[12, "auth-ui"]], "Using Auth inside actions": [[12, "using-auth-inside-actions"]], "Two 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"Customizing style": [[13, "customizing-style"]], "Custom Action Buttons": [[13, "custom-action-buttons"]], "Sample Action Button Class": [[13, "sample-action-button-class"]], "Using callable parameters": [[13, "using-callable-parameters"]], "Reference Fields": [[13, "reference-fields"]], "From web2py to py4web": [[14, "from-web2py-to-py4web"]], "Simple conversion examples": [[14, "simple-conversion-examples"]], "\u201cHello world\u201d example": [[14, "hello-world-example"]], "\u201cRedirect with variables\u201d example": [[14, "redirect-with-variables-example"]], "\u201cReturning variables\u201d example": [[14, "returning-variables-example"]], "\u201cReturning args\u201d example": [[14, "returning-args-example"]], "\u201cReturn calling methods\u201d example": [[14, "return-calling-methods-example"]], "\u201cSetting up a counter\u201d example": [[14, "setting-up-a-counter-example"]], "\u201cView\u201d example": [[14, "view-example"]], "\u201cForm and flash\u201d example": [[14, "form-and-flash-example"]], "\u201cgrid\u201d example": [[14, "grid-example"]], "\u201cAccessing OS files\u201d example": [[14, "accessing-os-files-example"]], "\u201cauth\u201d example": [[14, "auth-example"]], "Advanced topics and examples": [[15, "advanced-topics-and-examples"]], "py4web and asyncio": [[15, "py4web-and-asyncio"]], "htmx": [[15, "htmx"]], "htmx usage in Form": [[15, "htmx-usage-in-form"]], "htmx usage in Grid": [[15, "htmx-usage-in-grid"]], "Autocomplete Widget using htmx": [[15, "autocomplete-widget-using-htmx"]], "utils.js": [[15, "utils-js"]], "string.format": [[15, "string-format"]], "The Q object": [[15, "the-q-object"]], "The T object": [[15, "the-t-object"]], "py4web: the reference Manual": [[16, "py4web-the-reference-manual"]], "Contents:": [[16, null]], "Indices and tables": [[16, "indices-and-tables"]]}, "indexentries": {}})
\ No newline at end of file
+Search.setIndex({"docnames": ["chapter-01", "chapter-02", "chapter-03", "chapter-04", "chapter-05", "chapter-06", "chapter-07", "chapter-08", "chapter-09", "chapter-10", "chapter-11", "chapter-12", "chapter-13", "chapter-14", "chapter-15", "chapter-16", "index"], "filenames": ["chapter-01.rst", "chapter-02.rst", "chapter-03.rst", "chapter-04.rst", "chapter-05.rst", "chapter-06.rst", "chapter-07.rst", "chapter-08.rst", "chapter-09.rst", "chapter-10.rst", "chapter-11.rst", "chapter-12.rst", "chapter-13.rst", "chapter-14.rst", "chapter-15.rst", "chapter-16.rst", "index.rst"], "titles": ["What is py4web?", "Help, resources and hints", "Installation and Startup", "The Dashboard", "Creating your first app", "Fixtures", "The Database Abstraction Layer (DAL)", "The RestAPI", "YATL Template Language", "YATL helpers", "Internationalization", "Forms", "Authentication and authorization", "Grid", "From web2py to py4web", "Advanced topics and examples", "py4web: the reference Manual"], "terms": 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"sphinx.domains.index": 1, "sphinx.domains.javascript": 3, "sphinx.domains.math": 2, "sphinx.domains.python": 4, "sphinx.domains.rst": 2, "sphinx.domains.std": 2, "sphinx": 60}, "alltitles": {"What is py4web?": [[0, "what-is-py4web"]], "Acknowledgments": [[0, "acknowledgments"]], "Help, resources and hints": [[1, "help-resources-and-hints"]], "Resources": [[1, "resources"]], "This manual": [[1, "this-manual"]], "The Google group": [[1, "the-google-group"]], "The Discord server": [[1, "the-discord-server"]], "Tutorials and video": [[1, "tutorials-and-video"]], "The sources on GitHub": [[1, "the-sources-on-github"]], "Hints and tips": [[1, "hints-and-tips"]], "Prerequisites": [[1, "prerequisites"]], "A modern python workplace": [[1, "a-modern-python-workplace"]], "Debugging py4web with VScode": [[1, "debugging-py4web-with-vscode"]], "Debugging py4web with PyCharm": [[1, "debugging-py4web-with-pycharm"]], "How to contribute": [[1, "how-to-contribute"]], "Installation and Startup": [[2, "installation-and-startup"]], "Understanding the design": [[2, "understanding-the-design"]], "Supported platforms and prerequisites": [[2, "supported-platforms-and-prerequisites"]], "Setup procedures": [[2, "setup-procedures"]], "Installing from binaries": [[2, "installing-from-binaries"]], "Installing from pip": [[2, "installing-from-pip"]], "Installing using a virtual environment": [[2, "installing-using-a-virtual-environment"]], "Installing from source (globally)": [[2, "installing-from-source-globally"]], "Installing from source (locally)": [[2, "installing-from-source-locally"]], "Upgrading": [[2, "upgrading"]], "First run": [[2, "first-run"]], "Command line options": [[2, "command-line-options"]], "call command option": [[2, "call-command-option"]], "new_app command option": [[2, "new-app-command-option"]], "run command option": [[2, "run-command-option"]], "set_password command option": [[2, "set-password-command-option"]], "setup command option": [[2, "setup-command-option"]], "shell command option": [[2, "shell-command-option"]], "version command option": [[2, "version-command-option"]], "Special installations": [[2, "special-installations"]], "HTTPS": [[2, "https"]], "WSGI": [[2, "wsgi"]], "Deployment on GCloud (aka GAE - Google App Engine)": [[2, "deployment-on-gcloud-aka-gae-google-app-engine"]], "Deployment on PythonAnywhere.com": [[2, "deployment-on-pythonanywhere-com"]], "Deployment on Docker/Podman": [[2, "deployment-on-docker-podman"]], "Deployment on Ubuntu": [[2, "deployment-on-ubuntu"]], "The Dashboard": [[3, "the-dashboard"]], "The main Web page": [[3, "the-main-web-page"]], "Login into the Dashboard": [[3, "login-into-the-dashboard"]], "Creating your first app": [[4, "creating-your-first-app"]], "From scratch": [[4, "from-scratch"]], "Static web pages": [[4, "static-web-pages"]], "Dynamic Web Pages": [[4, "dynamic-web-pages"]], "On return values": [[4, "on-return-values"]], "Routes": [[4, "routes"]], "The request object": [[4, "the-request-object"]], "Templates": [[4, "templates"]], "The _scaffold app": [[4, "the-scaffold-app"]], "Copying the _scaffold app": [[4, "copying-the-scaffold-app"]], "Watch for files change": [[4, "watch-for-files-change"]], "Fixtures": [[5, "fixtures"]], "Using Fixtures": [[5, "using-fixtures"]], "The Template fixture": [[5, "the-template-fixture"]], "The Inject fixture": [[5, "the-inject-fixture"]], "The Translator fixture": [[5, "the-translator-fixture"]], "The Flash fixture": [[5, "the-flash-fixture"]], "The Session fixture": [[5, "the-session-fixture"]], "Client-side session in cookies": [[5, "client-side-session-in-cookies"]], "Server-side session in memcache": [[5, "server-side-session-in-memcache"]], "Server-side session in Redis": [[5, "server-side-session-in-redis"]], "Server-side session in database": [[5, "server-side-session-in-database"]], "Server-side session anywhere": [[5, "server-side-session-anywhere"]], "Sharing sessions": [[5, "sharing-sessions"]], "The Condition fixture": [[5, "the-condition-fixture"]], "The URLsigner fixture": [[5, "the-urlsigner-fixture"]], "The DAL fixture": [[5, "the-dal-fixture"]], "The Auth fixture": [[5, "the-auth-fixture"]], "Caveats about fixtures": [[5, "caveats-about-fixtures"]], "Custom fixtures": [[5, "custom-fixtures"]], "Multiple fixtures": [[5, "multiple-fixtures"]], "Caching and Memoize": [[5, "caching-and-memoize"]], "Convenience Decorators": [[5, "convenience-decorators"]], "The Database Abstraction Layer (DAL)": [[6, "the-database-abstraction-layer-dal"]], "DAL introduction": [[6, "dal-introduction"]], "py4web model": [[6, "py4web-model"]], "Supported databases": [[6, "supported-databases"]], "The DAL: a quick tour": [[6, "the-dal-a-quick-tour"]], "Using the DAL \u201cstand-alone\u201d": [[6, "using-the-dal-stand-alone"]], "Experiment with the py4web shell": [[6, "experiment-with-the-py4web-shell"]], "DAL constructor": [[6, "dal-constructor"]], "DAL signature": [[6, "dal-signature"]], "Connection strings (the uri parameter)": [[6, "connection-strings-the-uri-parameter"]], "Connection pooling": [[6, "connection-pooling"]], "Connection failures (attempts parameter)": [[6, "connection-failures-attempts-parameter"]], "Lazy Tables": [[6, "lazy-tables"]], "Model-less applications": [[6, "model-less-applications"]], "Replicated databases": [[6, "replicated-databases"]], "Reserved keywords": [[6, "reserved-keywords"]], "Database quoting and case settings": [[6, "database-quoting-and-case-settings"]], "Making a secure connection": [[6, "making-a-secure-connection"]], "Other DAL constructor parameters": [[6, "other-dal-constructor-parameters"]], "Database folder location": [[6, "database-folder-location"]], "Default migration settings": [[6, "default-migration-settings"]], "commit and rollback": [[6, "commit-and-rollback"]], "Table constructor": [[6, "table-constructor"]], "define_table signature": [[6, "define-table-signature"]], "id: Notes about the primary key": [[6, "id-notes-about-the-primary-key"]], "plural and singular": [[6, "plural-and-singular"]], "redefine": [[6, "redefine"]], "format: Record representation": [[6, "format-record-representation"]], "rname: Real name": [[6, "rname-real-name"]], "primarykey: Support for legacy tables": [[6, "primarykey-support-for-legacy-tables"]], "migrate, fake_migrate": [[6, "migrate-fake-migrate"]], "table_class": [[6, "table-class"]], "sequence_name": [[6, "sequence-name"]], "trigger_name": [[6, "trigger-name"]], "polymodel": [[6, "polymodel"]], "on_define": [[6, "on-define"]], "Adding attributes to fields and tables": [[6, "adding-attributes-to-fields-and-tables"]], "Legacy databases and keyed tables": [[6, "legacy-databases-and-keyed-tables"]], "Field constructor": [[6, "field-constructor"]], "Field types and validators": [[6, "field-types-and-validators"]], "Run-time field and table modification": [[6, "run-time-field-and-table-modification"]], "More on uploads": [[6, "more-on-uploads"]], "Migrations": [[6, "migrations"]], "Fixing broken migrations": [[6, "fixing-broken-migrations"]], "Migration control summary": [[6, "migration-control-summary"]], "Table methods": [[6, "table-methods"]], "insert": [[6, "insert"]], "Query, Set, Rows": [[6, "query-set-rows"]], "update_or_insert": [[6, "update-or-insert"]], "validate_and_insert, validate_and_update": [[6, "validate-and-insert-validate-and-update"]], "drop": [[6, "drop"]], "Tagging records": [[6, "tagging-records"]], "Raw SQL": [[6, "raw-sql"]], "executesql": [[6, "executesql"]], "_lastsql": [[6, "lastsql"]], "Timing queries": [[6, "timing-queries"]], "Indexes": [[6, "indexes"]], "Generating raw SQL": [[6, "generating-raw-sql"]], "select command": [[6, "select-command"]], "Using an iterator-based select for lower memory use": [[6, "using-an-iterator-based-select-for-lower-memory-use"]], "Rendering rows using represent": [[6, "rendering-rows-using-represent"]], "Shortcuts": [[6, "shortcuts"]], "Fetching a Row": [[6, "fetching-a-row"]], "Recursive selects": [[6, "recursive-selects"]], "orderby, groupby, limitby, distinct, having, orderby_on_limitby, join, left, cache": [[6, "orderby-groupby-limitby-distinct-having-orderby-on-limitby-join-left-cache"]], "orderby": [[6, "orderby"]], "groupby, having": [[6, "groupby-having"]], "distinct": [[6, "distinct"]], "limitby": [[6, "limitby"]], "orderby_on_limitby": [[6, "orderby-on-limitby"]], "join, left": [[6, "join-left"]], "cache, cacheable": [[6, "cache-cacheable"]], "Logical operators": [[6, "logical-operators"]], "count, isempty, delete, update": [[6, "count-isempty-delete-update"]], "Expressions": [[6, "expressions"]], "case": [[6, "case"]], "update_record": [[6, "update-record"]], "Inserting and updating from a dictionary": [[6, "inserting-and-updating-from-a-dictionary"]], "first and last": [[6, "first-and-last"]], "as_dict and as_list": [[6, "as-dict-and-as-list"]], "Combining rows": [[6, "combining-rows"]], "find, exclude, sort": [[6, "find-exclude-sort"]], "Caching selects": [[6, "caching-selects"]], "Computed and Virtual fields": [[6, "computed-and-virtual-fields"]], "Computed fields": [[6, "computed-fields"]], "Virtual fields": [[6, "virtual-fields"]], "New style virtual fields (experimental)": [[6, "new-style-virtual-fields-experimental"]], "Old style virtual fields": [[6, "old-style-virtual-fields"]], "Joins and Relations": [[6, "joins-and-relations"]], "One to many relation": [[6, "one-to-many-relation"]], "Inner join": [[6, "inner-join"]], "Left outer join": [[6, "left-outer-join"]], "Grouping and counting": [[6, "grouping-and-counting"]], "Many to many relation": [[6, "many-to-many-relation"]], "Self-Reference and aliases": [[6, "self-reference-and-aliases"]], "Other operators": [[6, "other-operators"]], "like, ilike, regexp, startswith, endswith, contains, upper, lower": [[6, "like-ilike-regexp-startswith-endswith-contains-upper-lower"]], "year, month, day, hour, minutes, seconds": [[6, "year-month-day-hour-minutes-seconds"]], "belongs": [[6, "belongs"]], "sum, avg, min, max and len": [[6, "sum-avg-min-max-and-len"]], "Substrings": [[6, "substrings"]], "Default values with coalesce and coalesce_zero": [[6, "default-values-with-coalesce-and-coalesce-zero"]], "Exporting and importing data": [[6, "exporting-and-importing-data"]], "CSV (one Table at a time)": [[6, "csv-one-table-at-a-time"]], "CSV (all tables at once)": [[6, "csv-all-tables-at-once"]], "CSV and remote database synchronization": [[6, "csv-and-remote-database-synchronization"]], "HTML and XML (one Table at a time)": [[6, "html-and-xml-one-table-at-a-time"]], "Data representation": [[6, "data-representation"]], "Advanced features": [[6, "advanced-features"]], "list:<type> and contains": [[6, "list-type-and-contains"]], "Table inheritance": [[6, "table-inheritance"]], "filter_in and filter_out": [[6, "filter-in-and-filter-out"]], "callbacks on record insert, delete and update": [[6, "callbacks-on-record-insert-delete-and-update"]], "Database cascades": [[6, "database-cascades"]], "Record versioning": [[6, "record-versioning"]], "Common filters": [[6, "common-filters"]], "Custom Field types": [[6, "custom-field-types"]], "Using DAL without define tables": [[6, "using-dal-without-define-tables"]], "Distributed transaction": [[6, "distributed-transaction"]], "Copy data from one db into another": [[6, "copy-data-from-one-db-into-another"]], "Gotchas": [[6, "gotchas"]], "Note on new DAL and adapters": [[6, "note-on-new-dal-and-adapters"]], "SQLite": [[6, "sqlite"]], "MySQL": [[6, "mysql"]], "Google SQL": [[6, "google-sql"]], "MSSQL (Microsoft SQL Server)": [[6, "mssql-microsoft-sql-server"]], "Oracle": [[6, "oracle"]], "Google NoSQL (Datastore)": [[6, "google-nosql-datastore"]], "The RestAPI": [[7, "the-restapi"]], "RestAPI policies and actions": [[7, "restapi-policies-and-actions"]], "RestAPI GET": [[7, "restapi-get"]], "RestAPI practical examples": [[7, "restapi-practical-examples"]], "The RestAPI response": [[7, "the-restapi-response"]], "YATL Template Language": [[8, "yatl-template-language"]], "Basic syntax": [[8, "basic-syntax"]], "for...in": [[8, "for-in"]], "while": [[8, "while"]], "if...elif...else": [[8, "if-elif-else"]], "try...except...else...finally": [[8, "try-except-else-finally"]], "def...return": [[8, "def-return"]], "Information workflow": [[8, "information-workflow"]], "extend and include": [[8, "extend-and-include"]], "Extending using variables": [[8, "extending-using-variables"]], "Template Functions": [[8, "template-functions"]], "block and super": [[8, "block-and-super"]], "Page layout standard structure": [[8, "page-layout-standard-structure"]], "Default page layout": [[8, "default-page-layout"]], "Mobile development": [[8, "mobile-development"]], "YATL helpers": [[9, "yatl-helpers"]], "Helpers overview": [[9, "helpers-overview"]], "Built-in helpers": [[9, "built-in-helpers"]], "XML": [[9, "xml"]], "A": [[9, "a"]], "BODY": [[9, "body"]], "CAT": [[9, "cat"]], "DIV": [[9, "div"]], "EM": [[9, "em"]], 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"Searching and filtering": [[13, "searching-and-filtering"]], "CRUD settings": [[13, "crud-settings"]], "Custom columns": [[13, "custom-columns"]], "Using templates": [[13, "using-templates"]], "Customizing style": [[13, "customizing-style"]], "Custom Action Buttons": [[13, "custom-action-buttons"]], "Sample Action Button Class": [[13, "sample-action-button-class"]], "Using callable parameters": [[13, "using-callable-parameters"]], "Reference Fields": [[13, "reference-fields"]], "From web2py to py4web": [[14, "from-web2py-to-py4web"]], "Simple conversion examples": [[14, "simple-conversion-examples"]], "\u201cHello world\u201d example": [[14, "hello-world-example"]], "\u201cRedirect with variables\u201d example": [[14, "redirect-with-variables-example"]], "\u201cReturning variables\u201d example": [[14, "returning-variables-example"]], "\u201cReturning args\u201d example": [[14, "returning-args-example"]], "\u201cReturn calling methods\u201d example": [[14, 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diff --git a/apps/_documentation/static/pt/.buildinfo b/apps/_documentation/static/pt/.buildinfo
index b8d235cb5..2017727df 100644
--- a/apps/_documentation/static/pt/.buildinfo
+++ b/apps/_documentation/static/pt/.buildinfo
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 # Sphinx build info version 1
 # This file hashes the configuration used when building these files. When it is not found, a full rebuild will be done.
-config: 9f04100a6a58698928add7415905ba84
+config: 11af2d5ac683425f4c63647016f0d2e3
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diff --git a/apps/_documentation/static/pt/_static/basic.css b/apps/_documentation/static/pt/_static/basic.css
index 7577acb1a..30fee9d0f 100644
--- a/apps/_documentation/static/pt/_static/basic.css
+++ b/apps/_documentation/static/pt/_static/basic.css
@@ -237,6 +237,10 @@ a.headerlink {
     visibility: hidden;
 }
 
+a:visited {
+    color: #551A8B;
+}
+
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 h2:hover > a.headerlink,
 h3:hover > a.headerlink,
@@ -670,6 +674,16 @@ dd {
     margin-left: 30px;
 }
 
+.sig dd {
+    margin-top: 0px;
+    margin-bottom: 0px;
+}
+
+.sig dl {
+    margin-top: 0px;
+    margin-bottom: 0px;
+}
+
 dl > dd:last-child,
 dl > dd:last-child > :last-child {
     margin-bottom: 0;
@@ -738,6 +752,14 @@ abbr, acronym {
     cursor: help;
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+.translated {
+    background-color: rgba(207, 255, 207, 0.2)
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+.untranslated {
+    background-color: rgba(255, 207, 207, 0.2)
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+
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 pre {
diff --git a/apps/_documentation/static/pt/_static/css/theme.css b/apps/_documentation/static/pt/_static/css/theme.css
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diff --git a/apps/_documentation/static/pt/_static/documentation_options.js b/apps/_documentation/static/pt/_static/documentation_options.js
index 131e1834e..e7ce8654a 100644
--- a/apps/_documentation/static/pt/_static/documentation_options.js
+++ b/apps/_documentation/static/pt/_static/documentation_options.js
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
-var DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = {
-    URL_ROOT: document.getElementById("documentation_options").getAttribute('data-url_root'),
-    VERSION: '1.20230507.1',
+const DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = {
+    VERSION: '1.20230718.1',
     LANGUAGE: 'pt',
     COLLAPSE_INDEX: false,
     BUILDER: 'html',
diff --git a/apps/_documentation/static/pt/_static/pygments.css b/apps/_documentation/static/pt/_static/pygments.css
index 08bec689d..84ab3030a 100644
--- a/apps/_documentation/static/pt/_static/pygments.css
+++ b/apps/_documentation/static/pt/_static/pygments.css
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ span.linenos.special { color: #000000; background-color: #ffffc0; padding-left:
 .highlight .cs { color: #3D7B7B; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Special */
 .highlight .gd { color: #A00000 } /* Generic.Deleted */
 .highlight .ge { font-style: italic } /* Generic.Emph */
+.highlight .ges { font-weight: bold; font-style: italic } /* Generic.EmphStrong */
 .highlight .gr { color: #E40000 } /* Generic.Error */
 .highlight .gh { color: #000080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Heading */
 .highlight .gi { color: #008400 } /* Generic.Inserted */
diff --git a/apps/_documentation/static/pt/_static/searchtools.js b/apps/_documentation/static/pt/_static/searchtools.js
index 97d56a74d..7918c3fab 100644
--- a/apps/_documentation/static/pt/_static/searchtools.js
+++ b/apps/_documentation/static/pt/_static/searchtools.js
@@ -57,12 +57,12 @@ const _removeChildren = (element) => {
 const _escapeRegExp = (string) =>
   string.replace(/[.*+\-?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, "\\$&"); // $& means the whole matched string
 
-const _displayItem = (item, searchTerms) => {
+const _displayItem = (item, searchTerms, highlightTerms) => {
   const docBuilder = DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.BUILDER;
-  const docUrlRoot = DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.URL_ROOT;
   const docFileSuffix = DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.FILE_SUFFIX;
   const docLinkSuffix = DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.LINK_SUFFIX;
   const showSearchSummary = DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.SHOW_SEARCH_SUMMARY;
+  const contentRoot = document.documentElement.dataset.content_root;
 
   const [docName, title, anchor, descr, score, _filename] = item;
 
@@ -75,20 +75,24 @@ const _displayItem = (item, searchTerms) => {
     if (dirname.match(/\/index\/$/))
       dirname = dirname.substring(0, dirname.length - 6);
     else if (dirname === "index/") dirname = "";
-    requestUrl = docUrlRoot + dirname;
+    requestUrl = contentRoot + dirname;
     linkUrl = requestUrl;
   } else {
     // normal html builders
-    requestUrl = docUrlRoot + docName + docFileSuffix;
+    requestUrl = contentRoot + docName + docFileSuffix;
     linkUrl = docName + docLinkSuffix;
   }
   let linkEl = listItem.appendChild(document.createElement("a"));
   linkEl.href = linkUrl + anchor;
   linkEl.dataset.score = score;
   linkEl.innerHTML = title;
-  if (descr)
+  if (descr) {
     listItem.appendChild(document.createElement("span")).innerHTML =
       " (" + descr + ")";
+    // highlight search terms in the description
+    if (SPHINX_HIGHLIGHT_ENABLED)  // set in sphinx_highlight.js
+      highlightTerms.forEach((term) => _highlightText(listItem, term, "highlighted"));
+  }
   else if (showSearchSummary)
     fetch(requestUrl)
       .then((responseData) => responseData.text())
@@ -97,6 +101,9 @@ const _displayItem = (item, searchTerms) => {
           listItem.appendChild(
             Search.makeSearchSummary(data, searchTerms)
           );
+        // highlight search terms in the summary
+        if (SPHINX_HIGHLIGHT_ENABLED)  // set in sphinx_highlight.js
+          highlightTerms.forEach((term) => _highlightText(listItem, term, "highlighted"));
       });
   Search.output.appendChild(listItem);
 };
@@ -115,14 +122,15 @@ const _finishSearch = (resultCount) => {
 const _displayNextItem = (
   results,
   resultCount,
-  searchTerms
+  searchTerms,
+  highlightTerms,
 ) => {
   // results left, load the summary and display it
   // this is intended to be dynamic (don't sub resultsCount)
   if (results.length) {
-    _displayItem(results.pop(), searchTerms);
+    _displayItem(results.pop(), searchTerms, highlightTerms);
     setTimeout(
-      () => _displayNextItem(results, resultCount, searchTerms),
+      () => _displayNextItem(results, resultCount, searchTerms, highlightTerms),
       5
     );
   }
@@ -360,7 +368,7 @@ const Search = {
     // console.info("search results:", Search.lastresults);
 
     // print the results
-    _displayNextItem(results, results.length, searchTerms);
+    _displayNextItem(results, results.length, searchTerms, highlightTerms);
   },
 
   /**
diff --git a/apps/_documentation/static/pt/_static/translations.js b/apps/_documentation/static/pt/_static/translations.js
index b1ae839f6..71c62bb83 100644
--- a/apps/_documentation/static/pt/_static/translations.js
+++ b/apps/_documentation/static/pt/_static/translations.js
@@ -2,8 +2,7 @@ Documentation.addTranslations({
     "locale": "pt",
     "messages": {
         "%(filename)s &#8212; %(docstitle)s": "",
-        "&#169; <a href=\"%(path)s\">Copyright</a> %(copyright)s.": "",
-        "&#169; Copyright %(copyright)s.": "",
+        "&#169; %(copyright_prefix)s %(copyright)s.": "",
         ", in ": "",
         "About these documents": "",
         "Automatically generated list of changes in version %(version)s": "",
diff --git a/apps/_documentation/static/pt/chapter-01.html b/apps/_documentation/static/pt/chapter-01.html
index 01915e804..9e2ef3c3c 100644
--- a/apps/_documentation/static/pt/chapter-01.html
+++ b/apps/_documentation/static/pt/chapter-01.html
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html class="writer-html5" lang="pt" >
 <head>
-  <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.19: https://docutils.sourceforge.io/" />
+  <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.18.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" />
 
   <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
-  <title>O que é py4web? &mdash; Documentação py4web 1.20230507.1</title>
+  <title>O que é py4web? &mdash; Documentação py4web 1.20230718.1</title>
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" />
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/css/theme.css" type="text/css" />
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/tabs.css" type="text/css" />
@@ -14,13 +14,13 @@
     <script src="_static/js/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
   <![endif]-->
   
-        <script src="_static/jquery.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js"></script>
-        <script data-url_root="./" id="documentation_options" src="_static/documentation_options.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/doctools.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/translations.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/js/toggle.js"></script>
+        <script src="_static/jquery.js?v=5d32c60e"></script>
+        <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js?v=2cd50e6c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/documentation_options.js?v=058a9de4"></script>
+        <script src="_static/doctools.js?v=888ff710"></script>
+        <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js?v=dc90522c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/translations.js?v=3b002d5c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/js/toggle.js?v=e1b5a5a1"></script>
     <script src="_static/js/theme.js"></script>
     <link rel="index" title="Índice" href="genindex.html" />
     <link rel="search" title="Pesquisar" href="search.html" />
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
               <img src="_static/logo.png" class="logo" alt="Logo"/>
           </a>
               <div class="version">
-                1.20230507.1
+                1.20230718.1
               </div>
 <div role="search">
   <form id="rtd-search-form" class="wy-form" action="search.html" method="get">
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@
            <div itemprop="articleBody">
              
   <section id="what-is-py4web">
-<h1>O que é py4web?<a class="headerlink" href="#what-is-py4web" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h1>
+<h1>O que é py4web?<a class="headerlink" href="#what-is-py4web" title="Link to this heading"></a></h1>
 <p>PY4WEB is a web framework for rapid development of efficient database
 driven web applications. It is an evolution of the popular web2py
 framework, but much faster and slicker. Its internal design has been much
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ <h1>O que é py4web?<a class="headerlink" href="#what-is-py4web" title="Permalin
 </ul>
 <p>O objetivo do PY4WEB é e continua a ser o mesmo que web2py de: para o desenvolvimento web make fácil e acessível, enquanto a produção de aplicações que são rápidos e seguros.</p>
 <section id="acknowledgments">
-<h2>Acknowledgments<a class="headerlink" href="#acknowledgments" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Acknowledgments<a class="headerlink" href="#acknowledgments" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>Many thanks to everyone who has contributed to the project, and especially:</p>
 <ul class="simple">
 <li><p><a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/mdipierro">Massimo Di Pierro</a></p></li>
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ <h2>Acknowledgments<a class="headerlink" href="#acknowledgments" title="Permalin
      <label for="switch"></label>
      </span>
       
-      v: 1.20230507.1
+      v: 1.20230718.1
       <span class="fa fa-caret-down"></span>
     </span>
     <div class="rst-other-versions">
diff --git a/apps/_documentation/static/pt/chapter-02.html b/apps/_documentation/static/pt/chapter-02.html
index ab79d75af..619e92107 100644
--- a/apps/_documentation/static/pt/chapter-02.html
+++ b/apps/_documentation/static/pt/chapter-02.html
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html class="writer-html5" lang="pt" >
 <head>
-  <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.19: https://docutils.sourceforge.io/" />
+  <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.18.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" />
 
   <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
-  <title>Ajuda, recursos e dicas &mdash; Documentação py4web 1.20230507.1</title>
+  <title>Ajuda, recursos e dicas &mdash; Documentação py4web 1.20230718.1</title>
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" />
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/css/theme.css" type="text/css" />
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/tabs.css" type="text/css" />
@@ -14,13 +14,13 @@
     <script src="_static/js/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
   <![endif]-->
   
-        <script src="_static/jquery.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js"></script>
-        <script data-url_root="./" id="documentation_options" src="_static/documentation_options.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/doctools.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/translations.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/js/toggle.js"></script>
+        <script src="_static/jquery.js?v=5d32c60e"></script>
+        <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js?v=2cd50e6c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/documentation_options.js?v=058a9de4"></script>
+        <script src="_static/doctools.js?v=888ff710"></script>
+        <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js?v=dc90522c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/translations.js?v=3b002d5c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/js/toggle.js?v=e1b5a5a1"></script>
     <script src="_static/js/theme.js"></script>
     <link rel="index" title="Índice" href="genindex.html" />
     <link rel="search" title="Pesquisar" href="search.html" />
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
               <img src="_static/logo.png" class="logo" alt="Logo"/>
           </a>
               <div class="version">
-                1.20230507.1
+                1.20230718.1
               </div>
 <div role="search">
   <form id="rtd-search-form" class="wy-form" action="search.html" method="get">
@@ -114,24 +114,24 @@
            <div itemprop="articleBody">
              
   <section id="help-resources-and-hints">
-<h1>Ajuda, recursos e dicas<a class="headerlink" href="#help-resources-and-hints" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h1>
+<h1>Ajuda, recursos e dicas<a class="headerlink" href="#help-resources-and-hints" title="Link to this heading"></a></h1>
 <p>Nós fizemos o nosso melhor para tornar simples PY4WEB e limpo. Mas você sabe, moderno programação web é uma tarefa difícil. Ela exige uma mente aberta, capaz de saltar com frequência (sem ser perdida!) De python para HTML para javascript para css e gestão de banco de dados mesmo. Mas não tenha medo, neste manual vamos ajudá-lo lado a lado nesta jornada. E há muitos outros recursos valiosos que nós vamos mostrar-lhe.</p>
 <section id="resources">
-<h2>Recursos<a class="headerlink" href="#resources" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Recursos<a class="headerlink" href="#resources" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <section id="this-manual">
-<h3>Este manual<a class="headerlink" href="#this-manual" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Este manual<a class="headerlink" href="#this-manual" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>This manual is the Reference Manual for py4web. It’s available online at <a class="reference external" href="https://py4web.com/_documentation/static/index.html">https://py4web.com/_documentation/static/index.html</a>, where you’ll also find the PDF and EBOOK version, in multiple languages. It written in RestructuredText and generated using Sphinx.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="the-google-group">
-<h3>O grupo Google<a class="headerlink" href="#the-google-group" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>O grupo Google<a class="headerlink" href="#the-google-group" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Existe uma lista de discussão dedicado hospedado no Google Groups, consulte <a class="reference external" href="https://groups.google.com/g/py4web">https://groups.google.com/g/py4web</a>. Esta é a principal fonte de discussões para desenvolvedores e usuários simples. Para qualquer problema que você deve enfrentar, este é o lugar certo para procurar uma dica ou uma solução.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="the-discord-server">
-<h3>The Discord server<a class="headerlink" href="#the-discord-server" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>The Discord server<a class="headerlink" href="#the-discord-server" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>For quick questions and chats you can also use the free <a class="reference external" href="https://discord.gg/xCzQ9KTk3W">Discord server dedicated to py4web</a>. You could usually find many py4web developers hanging out in the channel.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="tutorials-and-video">
-<h3>Tutoriais e vídeo<a class="headerlink" href="#tutorials-and-video" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Tutoriais e vídeo<a class="headerlink" href="#tutorials-and-video" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>There are many tutorials and videos available. Here are some of them:</p>
 <ul class="simple">
 <li><p>the <a class="reference external" href="https://learn-py4web.github.io">Learn Py4Web site</a> by Luca de Alfaro (with lots of excellent training videos)</p></li>
@@ -142,20 +142,20 @@ <h3>Tutoriais e vídeo<a class="headerlink" href="#tutorials-and-video" title="P
 </ul>
 </section>
 <section id="the-sources-on-github">
-<h3>As fontes no GitHub<a class="headerlink" href="#the-sources-on-github" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>As fontes no GitHub<a class="headerlink" href="#the-sources-on-github" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Last but not least, py4web is Open Source, with a BSD v3 license, hosted on GitHub at <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/web2py/py4web">https://github.com/web2py/py4web</a>. This means that you can read, study and experiment
 with all of its internal details by yourself.</p>
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="hints-and-tips">
-<h2>Dicas e sugestões<a class="headerlink" href="#hints-and-tips" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Dicas e sugestões<a class="headerlink" href="#hints-and-tips" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>Este parágrafo é dedicado a dicas preliminares, sugestões e dicas que podem ser úteis para saber antes de começar a aprender py4web.</p>
 <section id="prerequisites">
-<h3>Pré-requisitos<a class="headerlink" href="#prerequisites" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Pré-requisitos<a class="headerlink" href="#prerequisites" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>A fim de compreender py4web você precisa de pelo menos um conhecimento básico python. Há muitos livros, cursos e tutoriais disponíveis na Web - escolher o que é melhor para você. decoradores do Python, em particular, são um marco de qualquer quadro python web e você tem que compreendê-lo totalmente.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="a-modern-python-workplace">
-<h3>Um local de trabalho python moderna<a class="headerlink" href="#a-modern-python-workplace" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Um local de trabalho python moderna<a class="headerlink" href="#a-modern-python-workplace" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>In the following chapters you will start coding on your computer. We suggest you to setup a modern python workplace if you plan to do it efficiently and safely.
 Even for running simple examples and experimenting a little, we strongly suggest to use an <strong>Integrated Development Environment</strong> (IDE). This will make your programming experience much better, allowing syntax checking, linting and visual debugging.
 Nowadays there are two free and multi-platform main choices: Microsoft Visual Studio Code aka <a class="reference external" href="https://code.visualstudio.com/">VScode</a> and
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ <h3>Um local de trabalho python moderna<a class="headerlink" href="#a-modern-pyt
 </ul>
 </section>
 <section id="debugging-py4web-with-vscode">
-<h3>Depuração py4web com VScode<a class="headerlink" href="#debugging-py4web-with-vscode" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Depuração py4web com VScode<a class="headerlink" href="#debugging-py4web-with-vscode" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>It’s quite simple to run and debug py4web within VScode.</p>
 <p>If you have <strong>installed py4web from source</strong>, you just need to open the main py4web folder (not the apps folder!) with VScode and add:</p>
 <div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>&quot;args&quot;: [&quot;run&quot;, &quot;apps&quot;],
@@ -203,12 +203,12 @@ <h3>Depuração py4web com VScode<a class="headerlink" href="#debugging-py4web-w
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="debugging-py4web-with-pycharm">
-<h3>Depuração py4web com PyCharm<a class="headerlink" href="#debugging-py4web-with-pycharm" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Depuração py4web com PyCharm<a class="headerlink" href="#debugging-py4web-with-pycharm" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>In PyCharm, if you should get gevent errors you need to enable Settings | Build, Execution, Deployment | Python Debugger | Gevent compatible.</p>
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="how-to-contribute">
-<h2>Como contribuir<a class="headerlink" href="#how-to-contribute" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Como contribuir<a class="headerlink" href="#how-to-contribute" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>We need help from everyone: support our efforts! You can just participate in the Google group trying to answer other’s questions, submit bugs using or create pull requests on the GitHub
 repository.</p>
 <p>Se você deseja corrigir e ampliar este manual, ou mesmo traduzi-lo em uma nova língua estrangeira, você pode ler todas as informações necessárias diretamente no <a href="#id1"><span class="problematic" id="id2">`</span></a>README específica &lt;<a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/web2py/py4web/blob/master/">https://github.com/web2py/py4web/blob/master/</a> docs / README.md&gt; <a href="#id3"><span class="problematic" id="id4">`</span></a>__ no GitHub.</p>
@@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ <h2>Como contribuir<a class="headerlink" href="#how-to-contribute" title="Permal
      <label for="switch"></label>
      </span>
       
-      v: 1.20230507.1
+      v: 1.20230718.1
       <span class="fa fa-caret-down"></span>
     </span>
     <div class="rst-other-versions">
diff --git a/apps/_documentation/static/pt/chapter-03.html b/apps/_documentation/static/pt/chapter-03.html
index 2b4f0ee5d..dc4334f57 100644
--- a/apps/_documentation/static/pt/chapter-03.html
+++ b/apps/_documentation/static/pt/chapter-03.html
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html class="writer-html5" lang="pt" >
 <head>
-  <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.19: https://docutils.sourceforge.io/" />
+  <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.18.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" />
 
   <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
-  <title>Instalação e colocação em funcionamento &mdash; Documentação py4web 1.20230507.1</title>
+  <title>Instalação e colocação em funcionamento &mdash; Documentação py4web 1.20230718.1</title>
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" />
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/css/theme.css" type="text/css" />
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/tabs.css" type="text/css" />
@@ -14,14 +14,14 @@
     <script src="_static/js/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
   <![endif]-->
   
-        <script src="_static/jquery.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js"></script>
-        <script data-url_root="./" id="documentation_options" src="_static/documentation_options.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/doctools.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/tabs.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/translations.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/js/toggle.js"></script>
+        <script src="_static/jquery.js?v=5d32c60e"></script>
+        <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js?v=2cd50e6c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/documentation_options.js?v=058a9de4"></script>
+        <script src="_static/doctools.js?v=888ff710"></script>
+        <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js?v=dc90522c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/tabs.js?v=3030b3cb"></script>
+        <script src="_static/translations.js?v=3b002d5c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/js/toggle.js?v=e1b5a5a1"></script>
     <script src="_static/js/theme.js"></script>
     <link rel="index" title="Índice" href="genindex.html" />
     <link rel="search" title="Pesquisar" href="search.html" />
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
               <img src="_static/logo.png" class="logo" alt="Logo"/>
           </a>
               <div class="version">
-                1.20230507.1
+                1.20230718.1
               </div>
 <div role="search">
   <form id="rtd-search-form" class="wy-form" action="search.html" method="get">
@@ -130,9 +130,9 @@
            <div itemprop="articleBody">
              
   <section id="installation-and-startup">
-<h1>Instalação e colocação em funcionamento<a class="headerlink" href="#installation-and-startup" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h1>
+<h1>Instalação e colocação em funcionamento<a class="headerlink" href="#installation-and-startup" title="Link to this heading"></a></h1>
 <section id="understanding-the-design">
-<h2>Understanding the design<a class="headerlink" href="#understanding-the-design" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Understanding the design<a class="headerlink" href="#understanding-the-design" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>Before everything else it is important to understand that unlike other web frameworks,
 is not only a python module that can be imported by apps. It is also a program that
 is in charge of starting some apps. For this reason you need two things:</p>
@@ -147,15 +147,15 @@ <h2>Understanding the design<a class="headerlink" href="#understanding-the-desig
 An apps folder is a python module, and each app is also a python module.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="supported-platforms-and-prerequisites">
-<h2>Plataformas e pré-requisitos suportados<a class="headerlink" href="#supported-platforms-and-prerequisites" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Plataformas e pré-requisitos suportados<a class="headerlink" href="#supported-platforms-and-prerequisites" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>PY4WEB runs fine on Windows, MacOS and Linux. Its only prerequisite is
 Python 3.7+, which must be installed in advance (except if you use binaries).</p>
 </section>
 <section id="setup-procedures">
-<h2>Procedimentos de configuração<a class="headerlink" href="#setup-procedures" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Procedimentos de configuração<a class="headerlink" href="#setup-procedures" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>Existem quatro formas alternativas de correr py4web, com diferentes níveis de dificuldade e flexibilidade. Vamos olhar os prós e contras.</p>
 <section id="installing-from-binaries">
-<h3>Instalando a partir de binários<a class="headerlink" href="#installing-from-binaries" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Instalando a partir de binários<a class="headerlink" href="#installing-from-binaries" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Esta não é uma instalação real, porque você acabou de copiar um monte de arquivos em seu sistema sem modificá-lo de qualquer maneira. Daí esta é a solução mais simples, especialmente para iniciantes ou alunos, porque ele não requer Python pré-instalado em seu sistema, nem direitos administrativos. Por outro lado, é experimental, poderia conter uma liberação py4web de idade e é muito difícil para adicionar outras funcionalidades a ele.</p>
 <p>A fim de usá-lo você só precisa fazer o download do arquivo mais recente do Windows ou MacOS zip do <cite>este repositório externo &lt;https://github.com/nicozanf/py4web-pyinstaller&gt;</cite> __. Descompacte-o em uma pasta local e abrir uma linha de comando lá. finalmente executar</p>
 <div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>py4web-start set_password
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ <h3>Instalando a partir de binários<a class="headerlink" href="#installing-from
 keep them up to date.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="installing-from-pip">
-<h3>Instalando a partir de pip<a class="headerlink" href="#installing-from-pip" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Instalando a partir de pip<a class="headerlink" href="#installing-from-pip" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Using <em>pip</em> is the standard installation procedure for py4web, since it will
 quickly install the latest stable release of py4web.</p>
 <p>From the command line</p>
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ <h3>Instalando a partir de pip<a class="headerlink" href="#installing-from-pip"
 <p>Se o py4web comando não é aceito, isso significa que ele não está no caminho do sistema. No Windows, um arquivo py4web.exe especial (apontando para py4web.py) será criado por * pip * no caminho do sistema, mas não se você digitar o * -user * opção por engano.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="installing-using-a-virtual-environment">
-<h3>Installing using a virtual environment<a class="headerlink" href="#installing-using-a-virtual-environment" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Installing using a virtual environment<a class="headerlink" href="#installing-using-a-virtual-environment" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>A instalação completa de qualquer aplicação python complexo como py4web certamente irá modificar o ambiente python do seu sistema. A fim de evitar qualquer alteração indesejada, é um bom hábito de usar um ambiente virtual python (também chamado ** virtualenv <a href="#id1"><span class="problematic" id="id2">**</span></a>, veja <cite>aqui &lt;https://docs.python.org/3.7/tutorial/venv.html&gt;</cite> __ para uma introdução). Este é um recurso padrão do Python; se você ainda não sabe virtualenv é um bom momento para começar a sua descoberta!</p>
 <p>Here are the instructions for creating the virtual environment, activating it,
 and installing py4web in it:</p>
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ <h3>Installing using a virtual environment<a class="headerlink" href="#installin
 <p>The instructions for starting and running py4web are the same with or without a virtual environment.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="installing-from-source-globally">
-<h3>Instalação de fonte (globalmente)<a class="headerlink" href="#installing-from-source-globally" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Instalação de fonte (globalmente)<a class="headerlink" href="#installing-from-source-globally" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>This is the traditional way for installing a program, but it works only
 on Linux and MacOS (Windows does not normally support the <cite>make</cite> utility).
 All the requirements will be installed on the
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ <h3>Instalação de fonte (globalmente)<a class="headerlink" href="#installing-f
 <p>Notice that you also (and should) install py4web from source inside a virtual environment.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="installing-from-source-locally">
-<h3>Instalando a partir de fonte (localmente)<a class="headerlink" href="#installing-from-source-locally" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Instalando a partir de fonte (localmente)<a class="headerlink" href="#installing-from-source-locally" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>In this way all the requirements will be installed or upgraded on the
 system’s path, but py4web itself will only be copied
 on a local folder. This is especially useful if you already have a
@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ <h3>Instalando a partir de fonte (localmente)<a class="headerlink" href="#instal
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="upgrading">
-<h2>Melhoramento<a class="headerlink" href="#upgrading" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Melhoramento<a class="headerlink" href="#upgrading" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>Se você instalou py4web de pip você pode simples atualizá-lo com</p>
 <div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>python3 -m pip install --upgrade py4web
 </pre></div>
@@ -271,7 +271,7 @@ <h2>Melhoramento<a class="headerlink" href="#upgrading" title="Permalink to this
 again.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="first-run">
-<h2>Primeira corrida<a class="headerlink" href="#first-run" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Primeira corrida<a class="headerlink" href="#first-run" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>Correndo py4web utilizando qualquer um procedimento anterior deve produzir uma saída como esta:</p>
 <div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>py4web run apps
 </pre></div>
@@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ <h2>Primeira corrida<a class="headerlink" href="#first-run" title="Permalink to
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="command-line-options">
-<h2>Opções de linha de comando<a class="headerlink" href="#command-line-options" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Opções de linha de comando<a class="headerlink" href="#command-line-options" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>py4web fornece várias opções de linha de comando que podem ser listados por executá-lo sem qualquer argumento</p>
 <div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span># py4web
 </pre></div>
@@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ <h2>Opções de linha de comando<a class="headerlink" href="#command-line-option
 <img alt="_images/command.png" class="with-shadow" src="_images/command.png" />
 <p>Você pode ter ajuda adicional para uma opção de linha de comando específico, executando-o com o ** - ajuda ** ou ** - h ** argumento.</p>
 <section id="call-command-option">
-<span id="id1"></span><h3>Opção `` comando call``<a class="headerlink" href="#call-command-option" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<span id="id1"></span><h3>Opção `` comando call``<a class="headerlink" href="#call-command-option" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span># py4web call -h
 Usage: py4web.py call [OPTIONS] APPS_FOLDER FUNC
 
@@ -338,7 +338,7 @@ <h2>Opções de linha de comando<a class="headerlink" href="#command-line-option
 work.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="new-app-command-option">
-<span id="id2"></span><h3>Opção `` comando new_app``<a class="headerlink" href="#new-app-command-option" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<span id="id2"></span><h3>Opção `` comando new_app``<a class="headerlink" href="#new-app-command-option" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span># py4web new_app -h
 Usage: py4web.py new_app [OPTIONS] APPS_FOLDER APP_NAME
 
@@ -355,7 +355,7 @@ <h2>Opções de linha de comando<a class="headerlink" href="#command-line-option
 <p>Presentemente, dá um erro em instalações binários e de instalação de origem (no local), porque eles perdem o arquivo zip de ativos.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="run-command-option">
-<span id="id3"></span><h3>Opção `` comando run``<a class="headerlink" href="#run-command-option" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<span id="id3"></span><h3>Opção `` comando run``<a class="headerlink" href="#run-command-option" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span># py4web run -h
 Usage: py4web.py run [OPTIONS] APPS_FOLDER
 
@@ -413,7 +413,7 @@ <h2>Opções de linha de comando<a class="headerlink" href="#command-line-option
 a session is found, invalid, saved.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="set-password-command-option">
-<span id="id4"></span><h3>Opção `` comando set_password``<a class="headerlink" href="#set-password-command-option" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<span id="id4"></span><h3>Opção `` comando set_password``<a class="headerlink" href="#set-password-command-option" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span># py4web set_password -h
 Usage: py4web.py set_password [OPTIONS]
 
@@ -446,7 +446,7 @@ <h2>Opções de linha de comando<a class="headerlink" href="#command-line-option
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="setup-command-option">
-<span id="id5"></span><h3>Opção `` comando setup``<a class="headerlink" href="#setup-command-option" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<span id="id5"></span><h3>Opção `` comando setup``<a class="headerlink" href="#setup-command-option" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span># py4web setup -h
 Usage: py4web.py setup [OPTIONS] APPS_FOLDER
 
@@ -460,7 +460,7 @@ <h2>Opções de linha de comando<a class="headerlink" href="#command-line-option
 <p>Esta opção criar uma nova pasta Aplicativos (ou reinstalá-lo). Se necessário, ele irá pedir a confirmação da criação da nova pasta e, em seguida, para copiar todos os aplicativos py4web padrão da pasta de ativos. Atualmente, não faz nada em instalações binários e de instalação de origem (localmente) - para eles você pode copiar manualmente a pasta de aplicações existentes para o novo.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="shell-command-option">
-<span id="id6"></span><h3>Opção `` comando shell``<a class="headerlink" href="#shell-command-option" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<span id="id6"></span><h3>Opção `` comando shell``<a class="headerlink" href="#shell-command-option" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span># py4web shell -h
 Usage: py4web.py shell [OPTIONS] APPS_FOLDER
 
@@ -480,7 +480,7 @@ <h2>Opções de linha de comando<a class="headerlink" href="#command-line-option
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="version-command-option">
-<span id="id7"></span><h3>Opção `` comando version``<a class="headerlink" href="#version-command-option" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<span id="id7"></span><h3>Opção `` comando version``<a class="headerlink" href="#version-command-option" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span># py4web version -h
 Usage: py4web.py version [OPTIONS]
 
@@ -496,13 +496,13 @@ <h2>Opções de linha de comando<a class="headerlink" href="#command-line-option
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="special-installations">
-<h2>Special installations<a class="headerlink" href="#special-installations" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Special installations<a class="headerlink" href="#special-installations" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>There are special cases in which you cannot or don’t want to use one of the generic installation
 instructions we’ve already described. There is a special folder called <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">deployment_tools</span></code> in
 the py4web repository that collects some special recipes. They are briefly described here, along
 with some tips and tricks.</p>
 <section id="https">
-<h3>HTTPS<a class="headerlink" href="#https" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>HTTPS<a class="headerlink" href="#https" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>To use https with the build-in web server (Rocket3) these are the steps:</p>
 <ul>
 <li><p>Generate the localhost certificates. For example followed the instructions here:</p>
@@ -533,7 +533,7 @@ <h3>HTTPS<a class="headerlink" href="#https" title="Permalink to this heading">
 <p>Notice that /path_to/ should be the absolute path to the location of your certificate.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="wsgi">
-<h3>WSGI<a class="headerlink" href="#wsgi" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>WSGI<a class="headerlink" href="#wsgi" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>py4web is a standard WSGI application. So, if a full program installation it’s not
 feasible you can simply run py4web as a WSGI app. For example, using gunicorn-cli,
 create a python file:</p>
@@ -549,7 +549,7 @@ <h3>WSGI<a class="headerlink" href="#wsgi" title="Permalink to this heading">
 <p>The wsgi function takes arguments with the same name as the command line arguments.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="deployment-on-gcloud-aka-gae-google-app-engine">
-<h3>Deployment on GCloud (aka GAE - Google App Engine)<a class="headerlink" href="#deployment-on-gcloud-aka-gae-google-app-engine" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Deployment on GCloud (aka GAE - Google App Engine)<a class="headerlink" href="#deployment-on-gcloud-aka-gae-google-app-engine" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Login into the <a class="reference external" href="https://console.cloud.google.com/">Gcloud console</a> and
 create a new project. You will obtain a project id that looks like
 “{project_name}-{number}”.</p>
@@ -587,21 +587,21 @@ <h3>Deployment on GCloud (aka GAE - Google App Engine)<a class="headerlink" href
 <p>Você pode querer personalizar o Makefile e app.yaml para atender às suas necessidades. Você não deve precisar editar `` main.py``.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="deployment-on-pythonanywhere-com">
-<h3>Implantação em PythonAnywhere.com<a class="headerlink" href="#deployment-on-pythonanywhere-com" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Implantação em PythonAnywhere.com<a class="headerlink" href="#deployment-on-pythonanywhere-com" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Watch the <a class="reference external" href="https://youtu.be/Wxjl_vkLAEY">YouTube video</a> and follow the <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/tomcam/py4webcasts/blob/master/docs/how-install-source-pythonanywhere.md">detailed
 tutorial</a>
 . The bottle_app.py script is in
 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">py4web/deployment_tools/pythonanywhere.com/bottle_app.py</span></code></p>
 </section>
 <section id="deployment-on-docker-podman">
-<h3>Deployment on Docker/Podman<a class="headerlink" href="#deployment-on-docker-podman" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Deployment on Docker/Podman<a class="headerlink" href="#deployment-on-docker-podman" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>On <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">deployment_tools/docker</span></code> there is a simple Dockerfile for quickly running a py4web container. There is also
 a docker-compose.yml file for setting up a more complex multi-container with PostgreSQL.</p>
 <p>Note that you can use them also with Podman, which has the advantage of does not requiring sudo and does not
 running any background daemon.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="deployment-on-ubuntu">
-<h3>Deployment on Ubuntu<a class="headerlink" href="#deployment-on-ubuntu" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Deployment on Ubuntu<a class="headerlink" href="#deployment-on-ubuntu" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>On <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">deployment_tools/ubuntu</span></code> there is a bash script tested with Ubuntu Server 20.04.03 LTS. It uses nginx and self-signed
 certificates. It optionally manage iptables, too.</p>
 </section>
@@ -644,7 +644,7 @@ <h3>Deployment on Ubuntu<a class="headerlink" href="#deployment-on-ubuntu" title
      <label for="switch"></label>
      </span>
       
-      v: 1.20230507.1
+      v: 1.20230718.1
       <span class="fa fa-caret-down"></span>
     </span>
     <div class="rst-other-versions">
diff --git a/apps/_documentation/static/pt/chapter-04.html b/apps/_documentation/static/pt/chapter-04.html
index a8e9fe270..9122edf0a 100644
--- a/apps/_documentation/static/pt/chapter-04.html
+++ b/apps/_documentation/static/pt/chapter-04.html
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html class="writer-html5" lang="pt" >
 <head>
-  <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.19: https://docutils.sourceforge.io/" />
+  <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.18.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" />
 
   <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
-  <title>O Dashboard &mdash; Documentação py4web 1.20230507.1</title>
+  <title>O Dashboard &mdash; Documentação py4web 1.20230718.1</title>
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" />
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/css/theme.css" type="text/css" />
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/tabs.css" type="text/css" />
@@ -14,13 +14,13 @@
     <script src="_static/js/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
   <![endif]-->
   
-        <script src="_static/jquery.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js"></script>
-        <script data-url_root="./" id="documentation_options" src="_static/documentation_options.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/doctools.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/translations.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/js/toggle.js"></script>
+        <script src="_static/jquery.js?v=5d32c60e"></script>
+        <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js?v=2cd50e6c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/documentation_options.js?v=058a9de4"></script>
+        <script src="_static/doctools.js?v=888ff710"></script>
+        <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js?v=dc90522c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/translations.js?v=3b002d5c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/js/toggle.js?v=e1b5a5a1"></script>
     <script src="_static/js/theme.js"></script>
     <link rel="index" title="Índice" href="genindex.html" />
     <link rel="search" title="Pesquisar" href="search.html" />
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
               <img src="_static/logo.png" class="logo" alt="Logo"/>
           </a>
               <div class="version">
-                1.20230507.1
+                1.20230718.1
               </div>
 <div role="search">
   <form id="rtd-search-form" class="wy-form" action="search.html" method="get">
@@ -100,13 +100,13 @@
            <div itemprop="articleBody">
              
   <section id="the-dashboard">
-<h1>O Dashboard<a class="headerlink" href="#the-dashboard" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h1>
+<h1>O Dashboard<a class="headerlink" href="#the-dashboard" title="Link to this heading"></a></h1>
 <p>The Dashboard is the standard web based IDE; you will surely use it
 extensively to manage the applications and check your databases.
 Looking at its interface is a good way to start exploring py4web and
 its components.</p>
 <section id="the-main-web-page">
-<h2>A página Web principal<a class="headerlink" href="#the-main-web-page" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>A página Web principal<a class="headerlink" href="#the-main-web-page" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>When you run the standard py4web program, it starts a web server with a
 main web page listening on <a class="reference external" href="http://127.0.0.1:8000">http://127.0.0.1:8000</a> (which means that it is
 listening on the TCP port 8000 on your local PC, using the HTTP protocol).</p>
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ <h2>A página Web principal<a class="headerlink" href="#the-main-web-page" title
 </ul>
 </section>
 <section id="login-into-the-dashboard">
-<h2>Sessão no Dashboard<a class="headerlink" href="#login-into-the-dashboard" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Sessão no Dashboard<a class="headerlink" href="#login-into-the-dashboard" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>Pressionando o botão do painel irá transmitir-lhe para o login Dashboard. Aqui você deve inserir a senha que você já setup (veja: ref: <cite>option</cite> comando set_password). Se você não se lembre da senha, você tem que parar o programa com CTRL-C, configurar um novo e execute o py4web novamente.</p>
 <img alt="_images/dashboard_login.png" src="_images/dashboard_login.png" />
 <p>Depois de inserir a senha do painel direito, será exibido com todas as abas comprimido.</p>
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ <h2>Sessão no Dashboard<a class="headerlink" href="#login-into-the-dashboard" t
      <label for="switch"></label>
      </span>
       
-      v: 1.20230507.1
+      v: 1.20230718.1
       <span class="fa fa-caret-down"></span>
     </span>
     <div class="rst-other-versions">
diff --git a/apps/_documentation/static/pt/chapter-05.html b/apps/_documentation/static/pt/chapter-05.html
index d9f85d2e7..171052171 100644
--- a/apps/_documentation/static/pt/chapter-05.html
+++ b/apps/_documentation/static/pt/chapter-05.html
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html class="writer-html5" lang="pt" >
 <head>
-  <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.19: https://docutils.sourceforge.io/" />
+  <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.18.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" />
 
   <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
-  <title>Criando seu primeiro aplicativo &mdash; Documentação py4web 1.20230507.1</title>
+  <title>Criando seu primeiro aplicativo &mdash; Documentação py4web 1.20230718.1</title>
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" />
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/css/theme.css" type="text/css" />
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/tabs.css" type="text/css" />
@@ -14,13 +14,13 @@
     <script src="_static/js/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
   <![endif]-->
   
-        <script src="_static/jquery.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js"></script>
-        <script data-url_root="./" id="documentation_options" src="_static/documentation_options.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/doctools.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/translations.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/js/toggle.js"></script>
+        <script src="_static/jquery.js?v=5d32c60e"></script>
+        <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js?v=2cd50e6c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/documentation_options.js?v=058a9de4"></script>
+        <script src="_static/doctools.js?v=888ff710"></script>
+        <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js?v=dc90522c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/translations.js?v=3b002d5c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/js/toggle.js?v=e1b5a5a1"></script>
     <script src="_static/js/theme.js"></script>
     <link rel="index" title="Índice" href="genindex.html" />
     <link rel="search" title="Pesquisar" href="search.html" />
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
               <img src="_static/logo.png" class="logo" alt="Logo"/>
           </a>
               <div class="version">
-                1.20230507.1
+                1.20230718.1
               </div>
 <div role="search">
   <form id="rtd-search-form" class="wy-form" action="search.html" method="get">
@@ -110,9 +110,9 @@
            <div itemprop="articleBody">
              
   <section id="creating-your-first-app">
-<h1>Criando seu primeiro aplicativo<a class="headerlink" href="#creating-your-first-app" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h1>
+<h1>Criando seu primeiro aplicativo<a class="headerlink" href="#creating-your-first-app" title="Link to this heading"></a></h1>
 <section id="from-scratch">
-<h2>Do princípio<a class="headerlink" href="#from-scratch" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Do princípio<a class="headerlink" href="#from-scratch" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>Apps can be created using the dashboard or directly from the filesystem.
 Here, we are going to do it manually, as the Dashboard is already described in
 its own chapter.</p>
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ <h2>Do princípio<a class="headerlink" href="#from-scratch" title="Permalink to
 web pages.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="static-web-pages">
-<h2>Páginas estáticas<a class="headerlink" href="#static-web-pages" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Páginas estáticas<a class="headerlink" href="#static-web-pages" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>Para expor páginas estáticas você simplesmente precisa para criar um `` subpasta static`` e qualquer arquivo lá será automaticamente publicado:</p>
 <div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>mkdir<span class="w"> </span>apps/myapp/static
 <span class="nb">echo</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">&#39;Hello World&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span>&gt;<span class="w"> </span>apps/myapp/static/hello.txt
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ <h2>Páginas estáticas<a class="headerlink" href="#static-web-pages" title="Per
 handled automatically based on the HTTP request headers.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="dynamic-web-pages">
-<h2>Páginas web dinâmicas<a class="headerlink" href="#dynamic-web-pages" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Páginas web dinâmicas<a class="headerlink" href="#dynamic-web-pages" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>Para criar uma página dinâmica, você deve criar uma função que retorna o conteúdo da página. . Por exemplo editar a `` novaaplicacao / __ __ Init py`` como se segue:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">datetime</span>
 <span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">py4web</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">action</span>
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ <h2>Páginas web dinâmicas<a class="headerlink" href="#dynamic-web-pages" title
 <p>(Note que o índice é opcional)</p>
 <p>Ao contrário de outras estruturas, nós não importar ou iniciar o servidor web dentro do `` código myapp``. Isso ocorre porque py4web já está em execução, e pode servir vários aplicativos. py4web importa nossas funções de código e expõe decorados com `` &#64;Action () <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.</span> <span class="pre">Note</span> <span class="pre">também</span> <span class="pre">que</span> <span class="pre">prepends</span> <span class="pre">py4web</span> <span class="pre">``</span> <span class="pre">/</span> <span class="pre">myapp</span></code> (ou seja, o nome do aplicativo) para o caminho url declarado na ação. Isso ocorre porque existem vários aplicativos, e eles podem definir rotas conflitantes. Antecedendo o nome do aplicativo remove a ambiguidade. Mas há uma exceção: se você chamar seu aplicativo `` _default``, ou se você criar um link simbólico do `` _default`` para `` myapp``, então py4web não irá anteceder qualquer prefixo para as rotas definidas dentro do aplicativo .</p>
 <section id="on-return-values">
-<h3>Em valores de retorno<a class="headerlink" href="#on-return-values" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Em valores de retorno<a class="headerlink" href="#on-return-values" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>py4web actions should return a string or a dictionary. If they return a
 dictionary you must tell py4web what to do with it. By default py4web
 will serialize it into json. For example edit <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__init__.py</span></code> again and
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ <h3>Em valores de retorno<a class="headerlink" href="#on-return-values" title="P
 <p>Você pode usar qualquer linguagem de modelo para transformar seus dados em uma string. PY4WEB vem com yatl, um capítulo inteiro será dedicado mais tarde e iremos fornecer um exemplo em breve.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="routes">
-<h3>Rotas<a class="headerlink" href="#routes" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Rotas<a class="headerlink" href="#routes" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>É possível mapear padrões do URL em argumentos da função. Por exemplo:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nd">@action</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;color/&lt;name&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
 <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">color</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">):</span>
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ <h3>Rotas<a class="headerlink" href="#routes" title="Permalink to this heading">
 <p>Você pode usar vários decoradores para expor a mesma função em várias rotas.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="the-request-object">
-<h3>O objeto `` request``<a class="headerlink" href="#the-request-object" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>O objeto `` request``<a class="headerlink" href="#the-request-object" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>De py4web você pode importar `` request``</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">py4web</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">request</span>
 
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ <h3>O objeto `` request``<a class="headerlink" href="#the-request-object" title=
 <p>Which you can use the code to identify the name and the folder used for the app.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="templates">
-<h3>Modelos<a class="headerlink" href="#templates" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Modelos<a class="headerlink" href="#templates" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Para utilizar um yatl modelo que você deve declará-lo. Por exemplo, criar um arquivo `` apps / myapp / templates / paint.html`` que contém:</p>
 <div class="highlight-html notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">html</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
  <span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">head</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
@@ -301,7 +301,7 @@ <h3>Modelos<a class="headerlink" href="#templates" title="Permalink to this head
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="the-scaffold-app">
-<h2>The _scaffold app<a class="headerlink" href="#the-scaffold-app" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>The _scaffold app<a class="headerlink" href="#the-scaffold-app" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>Most of the times, you do not want to start writing code from scratch.
 You also want to follow some sane conventions outlined here, like not
 putting all your code into <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__init__.py</span></code>. PY4WEB provides a
@@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ <h2>The _scaffold app<a class="headerlink" href="#the-scaffold-app" title="Perma
 <p>Em seu HTML, você pode usar qualquer biblioteca JS que você quer, porque py4web é agnóstica para a sua escolha de JS e CSS, mas com algumas exceções. O `` auth.html`` que lida com registro / login / etc. usa um componente vue.js. Portanto, se você quiser usar isso, você não deve removê-lo.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="copying-the-scaffold-app">
-<span id="id1"></span><h2>Copying the _scaffold app<a class="headerlink" href="#copying-the-scaffold-app" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<span id="id1"></span><h2>Copying the _scaffold app<a class="headerlink" href="#copying-the-scaffold-app" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>The scaffold app is really useful, and you will surely use it a lot as
 a starting point for testing and even developing full features new apps.</p>
 <p>It’s better not to work directly on it: always create new apps copying it.
@@ -385,7 +385,7 @@ <h2>The _scaffold app<a class="headerlink" href="#the-scaffold-app" title="Perma
 </ul>
 </section>
 <section id="watch-for-files-change">
-<h2>Watch for files change<a class="headerlink" href="#watch-for-files-change" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Watch for files change<a class="headerlink" href="#watch-for-files-change" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>As described in the <a class="reference internal" href="chapter-03.html#run-command-option"><span class="std std-ref">Opção `` comando run``</span></a>, Py4web facilitates a
 development server’s setup by automatically reloads an app when its
 Python source files change (by default).
@@ -470,7 +470,7 @@ <h2>Watch for files change<a class="headerlink" href="#watch-for-files-change" t
      <label for="switch"></label>
      </span>
       
-      v: 1.20230507.1
+      v: 1.20230718.1
       <span class="fa fa-caret-down"></span>
     </span>
     <div class="rst-other-versions">
diff --git a/apps/_documentation/static/pt/chapter-06.html b/apps/_documentation/static/pt/chapter-06.html
index 6612843f7..4c6eff6ee 100644
--- a/apps/_documentation/static/pt/chapter-06.html
+++ b/apps/_documentation/static/pt/chapter-06.html
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html class="writer-html5" lang="pt" >
 <head>
-  <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.19: https://docutils.sourceforge.io/" />
+  <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.18.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" />
 
   <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
-  <title>Fixures &mdash; Documentação py4web 1.20230507.1</title>
+  <title>Fixures &mdash; Documentação py4web 1.20230718.1</title>
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" />
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/css/theme.css" type="text/css" />
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/tabs.css" type="text/css" />
@@ -14,13 +14,13 @@
     <script src="_static/js/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
   <![endif]-->
   
-        <script src="_static/jquery.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js"></script>
-        <script data-url_root="./" id="documentation_options" src="_static/documentation_options.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/doctools.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/translations.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/js/toggle.js"></script>
+        <script src="_static/jquery.js?v=5d32c60e"></script>
+        <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js?v=2cd50e6c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/documentation_options.js?v=058a9de4"></script>
+        <script src="_static/doctools.js?v=888ff710"></script>
+        <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js?v=dc90522c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/translations.js?v=3b002d5c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/js/toggle.js?v=e1b5a5a1"></script>
     <script src="_static/js/theme.js"></script>
     <link rel="index" title="Índice" href="genindex.html" />
     <link rel="search" title="Pesquisar" href="search.html" />
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
               <img src="_static/logo.png" class="logo" alt="Logo"/>
           </a>
               <div class="version">
-                1.20230507.1
+                1.20230718.1
               </div>
 <div role="search">
   <form id="rtd-search-form" class="wy-form" action="search.html" method="get">
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@
            <div itemprop="articleBody">
              
   <section id="fixtures">
-<h1>Fixures<a class="headerlink" href="#fixtures" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h1>
+<h1>Fixures<a class="headerlink" href="#fixtures" title="Link to this heading"></a></h1>
 <p>Um fixture é definido como “uma peça de equipamento ou de mobiliário, que é fixa em posição num edifício ou veículo”. No nosso caso, um dispositivo elétrico é algo ligado à ação que processa um pedido HTTP, a fim de produzir uma resposta.</p>
 <p>When processing any HTTP requests there are some optional operations we
 may want to perform. For example parse the cookie to look for session
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ <h1>Fixures<a class="headerlink" href="#fixtures" title="Permalink to this headi
 party template language or third party session logic; this is explained
 later in the <a class="reference internal" href="#custom-fixtures"><span class="std std-ref">Fixtures personalizados</span></a> paragraph.</p>
 <section id="using-fixtures">
-<h2>Using Fixtures<a class="headerlink" href="#using-fixtures" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Using Fixtures<a class="headerlink" href="#using-fixtures" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>As we’ve seen in the previous chapter, fixtures are the arguments of the decorator
 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&#64;action.uses(...)</span></code>. You can specify
 multiple fixtures in one decorator or you can have multiple decorators.</p>
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ <h2>Using Fixtures<a class="headerlink" href="#using-fixtures" title="Permalink
 need from the other fixtures, especially Inject() and Flash() that we’ll see later.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="the-template-fixture">
-<h2>The Template fixture<a class="headerlink" href="#the-template-fixture" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>The Template fixture<a class="headerlink" href="#the-template-fixture" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>PY4WEB by default uses the YATL template language and provides a
 fixture for it.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">py4web</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">action</span>
@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ <h2>The Template fixture<a class="headerlink" href="#the-template-fixture" title
 In this way you’ll have cleaner code and if needed you’ll be able to change it later in one place only.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="the-inject-fixture">
-<h2>The Inject fixture<a class="headerlink" href="#the-inject-fixture" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>The Inject fixture<a class="headerlink" href="#the-inject-fixture" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>The Inject fixture is used for passing variables (and even python functions) to
 templates. Here is a simple example:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">my_var</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;Example variable to be passed to a Template&quot;</span>
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ <h2>The Inject fixture<a class="headerlink" href="#the-inject-fixture" title="Pe
 <p>It will be explained later on <a class="reference internal" href="chapter-10.html#using-inject"><span class="std std-ref">Using Inject</span></a> in the YATL chapter.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="the-translator-fixture">
-<h2>The Translator fixture<a class="headerlink" href="#the-translator-fixture" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>The Translator fixture<a class="headerlink" href="#the-translator-fixture" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>Aqui está um exemplo de uso:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">py4web</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">action</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Translator</span>
 <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">os</span>
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ <h2>The Translator fixture<a class="headerlink" href="#the-translator-fixture" t
 automatically translated to Italian.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="the-flash-fixture">
-<h2>O fixture flash<a class="headerlink" href="#the-flash-fixture" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>O fixture flash<a class="headerlink" href="#the-flash-fixture" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>It is common to want to display “alerts” to the users. Here we refer to
 them as <strong>flash messages</strong>. There is a little more to it than just
 displaying a message to the view, because flash messages:</p>
@@ -365,7 +365,7 @@ <h2>O fixture flash<a class="headerlink" href="#the-flash-fixture" title="Permal
 <p>You can see the basic usage of flash messages in the <strong>examples</strong> app.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="the-session-fixture">
-<h2>The Session fixture<a class="headerlink" href="#the-session-fixture" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>The Session fixture<a class="headerlink" href="#the-session-fixture" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>Simply speaking, a session can be defined as a way to preserve information that is
 desired to persist throughout the user’s interaction with the web site or web application.
 In other words, sessions render the stateless HTTP connection a stateful one.</p>
@@ -434,7 +434,7 @@ <h2>The Session fixture<a class="headerlink" href="#the-session-fixture" title="
 only its UUID key is stored in the cookie. This is the reason why the
 secret is not required with server-side sessions.</p>
 <section id="client-side-session-in-cookies">
-<h3>Client-side session in cookies<a class="headerlink" href="#client-side-session-in-cookies" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Client-side session in cookies<a class="headerlink" href="#client-side-session-in-cookies" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>By default the session object is stored inside a cookie called
 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">appname_session</span></code>. It’s a JWT, hence encoded in a URL-friendly string
 format and signed using the provided secret for preventing tampering.
@@ -448,7 +448,7 @@ <h3>Client-side session in cookies<a class="headerlink" href="#client-side-sessi
 not put too much into them.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="server-side-session-in-memcache">
-<h3>Server-side session in memcache<a class="headerlink" href="#server-side-session-in-memcache" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Server-side session in memcache<a class="headerlink" href="#server-side-session-in-memcache" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Requires memcache installed and configured.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">memcache</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nn">time</span>
 <span class="n">conn</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">memcache</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Client</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="s1">&#39;127.0.0.1:11211&#39;</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">debug</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
@@ -457,7 +457,7 @@ <h3>Server-side session in memcache<a class="headerlink" href="#server-side-sess
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="server-side-session-in-redis">
-<h3>Server-side session in Redis<a class="headerlink" href="#server-side-session-in-redis" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Server-side session in Redis<a class="headerlink" href="#server-side-session-in-redis" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Requires <a class="reference external" href="https://redis.io/">Redis</a> installed and configured.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">redis</span>
 <span class="n">conn</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">redis</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Redis</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">host</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;localhost&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">port</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">6379</span><span class="p">)</span>
@@ -468,7 +468,7 @@ <h3>Server-side session in Redis<a class="headerlink" href="#server-side-session
 <p>Aviso: um objecto de armazenamento deve ter `` `` GET`` e métodos set`` e do método <cite>set`</cite> deve permitir especificar uma expiração. O objecto de ligação redis tem um método <cite>ttl`</cite> para especificar a expiração, remendo, portanto, que o macaco` <cite>método set`</cite> ter a assinatura esperada e funcionalidade.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="server-side-session-in-database">
-<h3>Server-side session in database<a class="headerlink" href="#server-side-session-in-database" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Server-side session in database<a class="headerlink" href="#server-side-session-in-database" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">py4web</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Session</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">DAL</span>
 <span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">py4web.utils.dbstore</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">DBStore</span>
 <span class="n">db</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">DAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;sqlite:memory&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
@@ -492,7 +492,7 @@ <h3>Server-side session in database<a class="headerlink" href="#server-side-sess
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="server-side-session-anywhere">
-<h3>Server-side session anywhere<a class="headerlink" href="#server-side-session-anywhere" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Server-side session anywhere<a class="headerlink" href="#server-side-session-anywhere" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Você pode facilmente armazenar sessões em qualquer lugar que você quer. Tudo que você precisa fazer é fornecer ao objeto `` Session`` um objeto `` storage`` com ambos os `` GET`` e `` métodos set``. Por exemplo, imagine que você deseja armazenar sessões no seu sistema de arquivos local:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">os</span>
 <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">json</span>
@@ -520,7 +520,7 @@ <h3>Server-side session anywhere<a class="headerlink" href="#server-side-session
 inefficient and does not scale well.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="sharing-sessions">
-<h3>Sharing sessions<a class="headerlink" href="#sharing-sessions" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Sharing sessions<a class="headerlink" href="#sharing-sessions" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Imagine you have an app «app1» which uses a session and an app «app2» that wants to share a session with app1. Assuming they use sessons in cookies, «app2» would use:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">session</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Session</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">secret</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">settings</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SESSION_SECRET_KEY</span><span class="p">,</span>
                   <span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;app1_session&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
@@ -538,7 +538,7 @@ <h3>Sharing sessions<a class="headerlink" href="#sharing-sessions" title="Permal
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="the-condition-fixture">
-<h2>The Condition fixture<a class="headerlink" href="#the-condition-fixture" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>The Condition fixture<a class="headerlink" href="#the-condition-fixture" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>Some times you want to restrict access to an action based on a
 given condition. For example to enforce a workflow:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nd">@action</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;step1&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
@@ -596,7 +596,7 @@ <h2>The Condition fixture<a class="headerlink" href="#the-condition-fixture" tit
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="the-urlsigner-fixture">
-<h2>The URLsigner fixture<a class="headerlink" href="#the-urlsigner-fixture" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>The URLsigner fixture<a class="headerlink" href="#the-urlsigner-fixture" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>A signed URL is a URL that provides limited permission and time to make an
 HTTP request by containing authentication information in its query string.
 The typical usage is as follows:</p>
@@ -620,7 +620,7 @@ <h2>The URLsigner fixture<a class="headerlink" href="#the-urlsigner-fixture" tit
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="the-dal-fixture">
-<h2>O fixture DAL<a class="headerlink" href="#the-dal-fixture" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>O fixture DAL<a class="headerlink" href="#the-dal-fixture" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>Nós já usou o `` dispositivo elétrico DAL`` no contexto das sessões, mas talvez você queira ter acesso direto ao objeto DAL com a finalidade de acessar o banco de dados, e não apenas sessões.</p>
 <p>PY4WEB, by default, uses the <strong>PyDAL</strong> (Python Database Abstraction Layer)
 which is documented in the next chapter. Here is an example, please
@@ -650,7 +650,7 @@ <h2>O fixture DAL<a class="headerlink" href="#the-dal-fixture" title="Permalink
 and it commits <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">on_success</span></code> and rolls back <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">on_error</span></code>.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="the-auth-fixture">
-<h2>The Auth fixture<a class="headerlink" href="#the-auth-fixture" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>The Auth fixture<a class="headerlink" href="#the-auth-fixture" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">auth</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">auth.user</span></code> are both fixtures that depend on
 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">session</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">db</span></code>. Their role is to provide the action with
 authentication information.</p>
@@ -701,7 +701,7 @@ <h2>The Auth fixture<a class="headerlink" href="#the-auth-fixture" title="Permal
 all the related details.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="caveats-about-fixtures">
-<h2>Caveats about fixtures<a class="headerlink" href="#caveats-about-fixtures" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Caveats about fixtures<a class="headerlink" href="#caveats-about-fixtures" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>Desde fixtures são compartilhados por várias ações que você não tem permissão para alterar seu estado, porque não seria seguro para threads. Há uma exceção a esta regra. As ações podem alterar alguns atributos de campos de banco de dados:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">py4web</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">action</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">request</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">DAL</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Field</span>
 <span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">py4web.utils.form</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Form</span>
@@ -726,7 +726,7 @@ <h2>Caveats about fixtures<a class="headerlink" href="#caveats-about-fixtures" t
 <p>A `` readable``, `` writable``, `` default``, `` update``, e atributos `` `` require`` de db. {Tabela}. {Campo} `` são objectos especiais de classe `` ThreadSafeVariable`` definido a `` threadsafevariable`` módulo. Esses objetos são muito parecidos com Python rosca objetos locais, mas eles estão em todos os pedidos utilizando o valor fora da ação especificada inicializado-re. Isto significa que as ações podem mudar com segurança os valores desses atributos.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="custom-fixtures">
-<h2>Fixtures personalizados<a class="headerlink" href="#custom-fixtures" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Fixtures personalizados<a class="headerlink" href="#custom-fixtures" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>Um fixture é um objecto com a seguinte estrutura mínima:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">py4web.core</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Fixture</span>
 
@@ -822,7 +822,7 @@ <h2>Fixtures personalizados<a class="headerlink" href="#custom-fixtures" title="
 retrieve that data.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="multiple-fixtures">
-<h2>Multiple fixtures<a class="headerlink" href="#multiple-fixtures" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Multiple fixtures<a class="headerlink" href="#multiple-fixtures" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>As previously stated, it’s generally not important the order you use to specify the fixtures
 but it’s mandatory that you always place the template as the <strong>first one</strong>.
 Consider this:</p>
@@ -860,7 +860,7 @@ <h2>Multiple fixtures<a class="headerlink" href="#multiple-fixtures" title="Perm
 For now we recommend using a single call to <cite>action.uses</cite>.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="caching-and-memoize">
-<h2>Caching e Memoize<a class="headerlink" href="#caching-and-memoize" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Caching e Memoize<a class="headerlink" href="#caching-and-memoize" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>py4web provides a cache in RAM object that implements the last recently
 used (LRU) algorithm. It can be used to cache any function via a
 decorator:</p>
@@ -885,16 +885,16 @@ <h2>Caching e Memoize<a class="headerlink" href="#caching-and-memoize" title="Pe
 every time a template needs to be rendered.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="convenience-decorators">
-<h2>Decoradores de conveniência<a class="headerlink" href="#convenience-decorators" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Decoradores de conveniência<a class="headerlink" href="#convenience-decorators" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_scaffold</span></code> application, in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">common.py</span></code> defines two special
 convenience decorators:</p>
-<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>@unauthenticated
+<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>@unauthenticated()
 def index():
     return dict()
 </pre></div>
 </div>
 <p>e</p>
-<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>@authenticated
+<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>@authenticated()
 def index():
     return dict()
 </pre></div>
@@ -949,7 +949,7 @@ <h2>Decoradores de conveniência<a class="headerlink" href="#convenience-decorat
      <label for="switch"></label>
      </span>
       
-      v: 1.20230507.1
+      v: 1.20230718.1
       <span class="fa fa-caret-down"></span>
     </span>
     <div class="rst-other-versions">
diff --git a/apps/_documentation/static/pt/chapter-07.html b/apps/_documentation/static/pt/chapter-07.html
index 0999bdec0..7184757a8 100644
--- a/apps/_documentation/static/pt/chapter-07.html
+++ b/apps/_documentation/static/pt/chapter-07.html
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html class="writer-html5" lang="pt" >
 <head>
-  <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.19: https://docutils.sourceforge.io/" />
+  <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.18.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" />
 
   <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
-  <title>The Database Abstraction Layer (DAL) &mdash; Documentação py4web 1.20230507.1</title>
+  <title>The Database Abstraction Layer (DAL) &mdash; Documentação py4web 1.20230718.1</title>
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" />
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/css/theme.css" type="text/css" />
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/tabs.css" type="text/css" />
@@ -14,13 +14,13 @@
     <script src="_static/js/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
   <![endif]-->
   
-        <script src="_static/jquery.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js"></script>
-        <script data-url_root="./" id="documentation_options" src="_static/documentation_options.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/doctools.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/translations.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/js/toggle.js"></script>
+        <script src="_static/jquery.js?v=5d32c60e"></script>
+        <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js?v=2cd50e6c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/documentation_options.js?v=058a9de4"></script>
+        <script src="_static/doctools.js?v=888ff710"></script>
+        <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js?v=dc90522c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/translations.js?v=3b002d5c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/js/toggle.js?v=e1b5a5a1"></script>
     <script src="_static/js/theme.js"></script>
     <link rel="index" title="Índice" href="genindex.html" />
     <link rel="search" title="Pesquisar" href="search.html" />
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
               <img src="_static/logo.png" class="logo" alt="Logo"/>
           </a>
               <div class="version">
-                1.20230507.1
+                1.20230718.1
               </div>
 <div role="search">
   <form id="rtd-search-form" class="wy-form" action="search.html" method="get">
@@ -259,9 +259,9 @@
            <div itemprop="articleBody">
              
   <section id="the-database-abstraction-layer-dal">
-<h1>The Database Abstraction Layer (DAL)<a class="headerlink" href="#the-database-abstraction-layer-dal" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h1>
+<h1>The Database Abstraction Layer (DAL)<a class="headerlink" href="#the-database-abstraction-layer-dal" title="Link to this heading"></a></h1>
 <section id="dal-introduction">
-<h2>DAL introduction<a class="headerlink" href="#dal-introduction" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>DAL introduction<a class="headerlink" href="#dal-introduction" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>py4web rely on a database abstraction layer (DAL), an API that maps
 Python objects into database objects such as queries, tables, and
 records. The DAL dynamically generates the SQL in real time using the
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ <h2>DAL introduction<a class="headerlink" href="#dal-introduction" title="Permal
 <li><p>Nested Selects</p></li>
 </ul>
 <section id="py4web-model">
-<h3>py4web model<a class="headerlink" href="#py4web-model" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>py4web model<a class="headerlink" href="#py4web-model" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Even if web2py and py4web use the same pyDAL, there are important differences (see
 <a class="reference internal" href="chapter-15.html#from-web2py-to-py4web"><span class="std std-ref">De web2py para py4web</span></a> for details). The main caveat is that in py4web only
 the action is executed for every HTTP request, while the code defined outside of
@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ <h3>py4web model<a class="headerlink" href="#py4web-model" title="Permalink to t
 All the others are for practical purposes to be considered global and non thread safe.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="supported-databases">
-<h3>Supported databases<a class="headerlink" href="#supported-databases" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Supported databases<a class="headerlink" href="#supported-databases" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>A partial list of supported databases is show in the table
 below. Please check on the py4web/pyDAL web site and mailing list for more
 recent adapters.</p>
@@ -368,7 +368,7 @@ <h3>Supported databases<a class="headerlink" href="#supported-databases" title="
 about specific databases.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="the-dal-a-quick-tour">
-<h3>The DAL: a quick tour<a class="headerlink" href="#the-dal-a-quick-tour" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>The DAL: a quick tour<a class="headerlink" href="#the-dal-a-quick-tour" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>define py4web as seguintes classes que compõem o DAL:</p>
 <dl>
 <dt>DAL</dt><dd><p>represents a database connection. For example:</p>
@@ -425,7 +425,7 @@ <h3>The DAL: a quick tour<a class="headerlink" href="#the-dal-a-quick-tour" titl
 </dl>
 </section>
 <section id="using-the-dal-stand-alone">
-<h3>Usando o DAL “stand-alone”<a class="headerlink" href="#using-the-dal-stand-alone" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Usando o DAL “stand-alone”<a class="headerlink" href="#using-the-dal-stand-alone" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>pyDAL is an independent python package. As such, it can be used
 without the web2py/py4web environment; you just need to install
 it with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pip</span></code>. Then import the pydal module when needed:</p>
@@ -444,7 +444,7 @@ <h3>Usando o DAL “stand-alone”<a class="headerlink" href="#using-the-dal-sta
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="experiment-with-the-py4web-shell">
-<h3>Experimentar com o shell py4web<a class="headerlink" href="#experiment-with-the-py4web-shell" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Experimentar com o shell py4web<a class="headerlink" href="#experiment-with-the-py4web-shell" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>You can also experiment with the pyDAL API using the py4web shell,
 that is available using the <a class="reference internal" href="chapter-03.html#shell-command-option"><span class="std std-ref">Opção `` comando shell``</span></a>.</p>
 <div class="admonition warning">
@@ -472,7 +472,7 @@ <h3>Experimentar com o shell py4web<a class="headerlink" href="#experiment-with-
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="dal-constructor">
-<h2>Construtor DAL<a class="headerlink" href="#dal-constructor" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Construtor DAL<a class="headerlink" href="#dal-constructor" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>Uso básico:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">db</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">DAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;sqlite://storage.sqlite&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
 </pre></div>
@@ -492,7 +492,7 @@ <h2>Construtor DAL<a class="headerlink" href="#dal-constructor" title="Permalink
 a uniform resource identifier.</p>
 <p>A DAL permite várias ligações com o mesmo banco de dados ou com diferentes bases de dados, mesmo bases de dados de diferentes tipos. Por enquanto, vamos supor a presença de um único banco de dados uma vez que esta é a situação mais comum.</p>
 <section id="dal-signature">
-<h3>Assinatura da DAL<a class="headerlink" href="#dal-signature" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Assinatura da DAL<a class="headerlink" href="#dal-signature" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">DAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">uri</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;sqlite://dummy.db&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
     <span class="n">pool_size</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span>
     <span class="n">folder</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span>
@@ -521,7 +521,7 @@ <h3>Assinatura da DAL<a class="headerlink" href="#dal-signature" title="Permalin
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="connection-strings-the-uri-parameter">
-<h3>Strings de conexão (o parâmetro uri)<a class="headerlink" href="#connection-strings-the-uri-parameter" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Strings de conexão (o parâmetro uri)<a class="headerlink" href="#connection-strings-the-uri-parameter" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Uma ligação com o banco de dados é estabelecida através da criação de uma instância do objecto DAL:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">db</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">DAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;sqlite://storage.sqlite&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
 </pre></div>
@@ -632,7 +632,7 @@ <h3>Strings de conexão (o parâmetro uri)<a class="headerlink" href="#connectio
 <p>Caso contrário, você vai ter bilhetes UnicodeDecodeError.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="connection-pooling">
-<h3>O pool de conexões<a class="headerlink" href="#connection-pooling" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>O pool de conexões<a class="headerlink" href="#connection-pooling" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Um argumento comum do construtor DAL é a `` pool_size``; o padrão é zero.</p>
 <p>As it is rather slow to establish a new database connection for each
 request, py4web implements a mechanism for connection pooling. Once a
@@ -647,11 +647,11 @@ <h3>O pool de conexões<a class="headerlink" href="#connection-pooling" title="P
 <p>O parâmetro `` pool_size`` é ignorado pelo SQLite e Google App Engine. pool de conexão é ignorado para SQLite, uma vez que não daria qualquer benefício.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="connection-failures-attempts-parameter">
-<h3>Falhas de conexão (parâmetro tentativas)<a class="headerlink" href="#connection-failures-attempts-parameter" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Falhas de conexão (parâmetro tentativas)<a class="headerlink" href="#connection-failures-attempts-parameter" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Se py4web não consegue se conectar ao banco de dados que espera 1 segundo e por tentativas padrão novamente até 5 vezes antes de declarar um fracasso. No case do pool de conexão, é possível que uma conexão em pool que permanece aberta, mas sem uso por algum tempo está fechado até o final de banco de dados. Graças à py4web recurso repetição tenta restabelecer essas ligações interrompidas. O número de tentativas é definido através do parâmetro tentativas.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="lazy-tables">
-<h3>Tabelas preguiçosos<a class="headerlink" href="#lazy-tables" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Tabelas preguiçosos<a class="headerlink" href="#lazy-tables" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Setting <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">lazy_tables</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">True</span></code> provides a major performance boost (but
 not with py4web). It means that table creation is deferred until the
 table is actually referenced.</p>
@@ -662,7 +662,7 @@ <h3>Tabelas preguiçosos<a class="headerlink" href="#lazy-tables" title="Permali
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="model-less-applications">
-<h3>Aplicativos de modelo-less<a class="headerlink" href="#model-less-applications" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Aplicativos de modelo-less<a class="headerlink" href="#model-less-applications" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>In py4web the code defined outside of actions (where normally DAL tables
 are defined) is only executed at startup.</p>
 <p>However, it is possible to define DAL tables on demand inside actions.
@@ -674,7 +674,7 @@ <h3>Aplicativos de modelo-less<a class="headerlink" href="#model-less-applicatio
 database definitions in the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">models.py</span></code> file.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="replicated-databases">
-<h3>Bancos de dados replicados<a class="headerlink" href="#replicated-databases" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Bancos de dados replicados<a class="headerlink" href="#replicated-databases" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>The first argument of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DAL(...)</span></code> can be a list of URIs. In this case
 py4web tries to connect to each of them. The main purpose for this is to
 deal with multiple database servers and distribute the workload among
@@ -685,7 +685,7 @@ <h3>Bancos de dados replicados<a class="headerlink" href="#replicated-databases"
 <p>Neste case, as tentativas DAL para conectar-se a primeira e, em case de falha, ele vai tentar o segundo eo terceiro. Isto também pode ser utilizado para distribuir a carga em uma configuração de banco de dados mestre-escravo.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="reserved-keywords">
-<h3>Palavras-chave reservadas<a class="headerlink" href="#reserved-keywords" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Palavras-chave reservadas<a class="headerlink" href="#reserved-keywords" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>`` Check_reserved`` diz o construtor para verificar nomes de tabela e nomes de coluna contra palavras-chave reservada SQL em bancos de dados de back-end-alvo. `` padrões check_reserved`` a nenhum.</p>
 <p>Esta é uma lista de strings que contêm os nomes de adaptador de banco de dados back-end.</p>
 <p>The adapter name is the same as used in the DAL connection string. So if
@@ -729,7 +729,7 @@ <h3>Palavras-chave reservadas<a class="headerlink" href="#reserved-keywords" tit
 </table>
 </section>
 <section id="database-quoting-and-case-settings">
-<h3>Configurações de quoting e case e do  banco de dados<a class="headerlink" href="#database-quoting-and-case-settings" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Configurações de quoting e case e do  banco de dados<a class="headerlink" href="#database-quoting-and-case-settings" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Citando de entidades SQL são ativadas por padrão em DAL, isto é:</p>
 <p>`` Entity_quoting = True``</p>
 <p>Desta forma, os identificadores são automaticamente citado em SQL gerado pelo DAL. No SQL palavras-chave de nível e identificadores não cotadas são maiúsculas e minúsculas, quoting assim uma SQL identificador torna maiúsculas de minúsculas.</p>
@@ -746,7 +746,7 @@ <h3>Configurações de quoting e case e do  banco de dados<a class="headerlink"
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="making-a-secure-connection">
-<h3>Fazendo uma conexão segura<a class="headerlink" href="#making-a-secure-connection" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Fazendo uma conexão segura<a class="headerlink" href="#making-a-secure-connection" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Às vezes é necessário (e recomendado) para se conectar ao seu banco de dados usando conexão segura, especialmente se o seu banco de dados não está no mesmo servidor como a sua aplicação. Neste case, você precisa passar parâmetros adicionais para o driver de banco de dados. Você deve consultar a documentação do driver de banco de dados para obter detalhes.</p>
 <p>Para PostgreSQL com psycopg2 ele deve ser parecido com isto:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">DAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;postgres://user_name:user_password@server_addr/db_name&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
@@ -757,16 +757,16 @@ <h3>Fazendo uma conexão segura<a class="headerlink" href="#making-a-secure-conn
 <p>onde os parâmetros `` sslrootcert``, `` sslcert`` e `` sslkey`` deve conter o caminho completo para os arquivos. Você deve consultar a documentação do PostgreSQL sobre como configurar o servidor PostgreSQL para aceitar conexões seguras.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="other-dal-constructor-parameters">
-<h3>Outros parâmetros do construtor DAL<a class="headerlink" href="#other-dal-constructor-parameters" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Outros parâmetros do construtor DAL<a class="headerlink" href="#other-dal-constructor-parameters" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <section id="database-folder-location">
-<h4>Local de pasta do banco de dados<a class="headerlink" href="#database-folder-location" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4>Local de pasta do banco de dados<a class="headerlink" href="#database-folder-location" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">folder</span></code> sets the place where migration files will be created (see
 <a class="reference internal" href="#migrations">Migrations</a> for details).
 It is also used for SQLite databases. Automatically set within py4web.
 Set a path when using DAL outside py4web.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="default-migration-settings">
-<h4>Configurações padrão de migração<a class="headerlink" href="#default-migration-settings" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4>Configurações padrão de migração<a class="headerlink" href="#default-migration-settings" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>As configurações de migração construtor DAL são booleans que afetam padrões e comportamento global.</p>
 <p>`` Migrar = True`` define o comportamento de migração padrão para todas as tabelas</p>
 <p>`` Fake_migrate = False`` define o comportamento fake_migrate padrão para todas as tabelas</p>
@@ -775,7 +775,7 @@ <h4>Configurações padrão de migração<a class="headerlink" href="#default-mi
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="commit-and-rollback">
-<h3>`` `` commit`` e rollback``<a class="headerlink" href="#commit-and-rollback" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>`` `` commit`` e rollback``<a class="headerlink" href="#commit-and-rollback" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>The insert, truncate, delete, and update operations aren’t actually
 committed until py4web issues the commit command. The create and drop
 operations may be executed immediately, depending on the database
@@ -828,10 +828,10 @@ <h3>`` `` commit`` e rollback``<a class="headerlink" href="#commit-and-rollback"
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="table-constructor">
-<h2>Construtor Table<a class="headerlink" href="#table-constructor" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Construtor Table<a class="headerlink" href="#table-constructor" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>As tabelas são definidos na DAL via `` define_table``.</p>
 <section id="define-table-signature">
-<h3>assinatura define_table<a class="headerlink" href="#define-table-signature" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>assinatura define_table<a class="headerlink" href="#define-table-signature" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>A assinatura para o método define_table é:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">define_table</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tablename</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">fields</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">)</span>
 </pre></div>
@@ -845,18 +845,18 @@ <h3>assinatura define_table<a class="headerlink" href="#define-table-signature"
 <p>Ele define, lojas e retorna um objeto `` Table`` chamado “pessoa” contendo um campo (coluna) “nome”. Este objeto também pode ser acessado via `` db.person``, assim você não precisa pegar o valor retornado pelo define_table.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="id-notes-about-the-primary-key">
-<h3>`` Id``: Notas sobre a chave primária<a class="headerlink" href="#id-notes-about-the-primary-key" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>`` Id``: Notas sobre a chave primária<a class="headerlink" href="#id-notes-about-the-primary-key" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Não declare um campo chamado “id”, porque um é criado por py4web de qualquer maneira. Cada tabela tem um campo chamado “id” por padrão. É um campo inteiro de auto-incremento (geralmente a partir de 1) utilizados para referência cruzada e para fazer cada registro original, assim que “id” é uma chave primária. (Nota: o contador id a partir de 1 é específico back-end Por exemplo, isto não se aplica ao Google App Engine NoSQL..)</p>
 <p>Opcionalmente, você pode definir um campo de “type =” id”`` <cite>e py4web usará este campo como campo id auto-incremento. Isso não é recomendado, exceto quando acessar as tabelas de banco de dados legado que têm uma chave primária com um nome diferente. Com alguma limitação, você também pode usar diferentes chaves primárias usando o parâmetro `</cite> primarykey``.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="plural-and-singular">
-<h3>`` `` Plural`` e singular``<a class="headerlink" href="#plural-and-singular" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>`` `` Plural`` e singular``<a class="headerlink" href="#plural-and-singular" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>As pyDAL is a general DAL, it includes plural and singular attributes to
 refer to the table names so that external elements can use the proper
 name for a table.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="redefine">
-<h3>`` Redefine``<a class="headerlink" href="#redefine" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>`` Redefine``<a class="headerlink" href="#redefine" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>As tabelas podem ser definidas apenas uma vez, mas você pode forçar py4web redefinir uma tabela existente:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">define_table</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;person&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Field</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;name&#39;</span><span class="p">))</span>
 <span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">define_table</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;person&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Field</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;name&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">redefine</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
@@ -865,7 +865,7 @@ <h3>`` Redefine``<a class="headerlink" href="#redefine" title="Permalink to this
 <p>A redefinição pode provocar uma migração se definição tabela muda.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="format-record-representation">
-<h3>`` Format``: representação da ficha<a class="headerlink" href="#format-record-representation" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>`` Format``: representação da ficha<a class="headerlink" href="#format-record-representation" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>É opcional, mas recomendado para especificar uma representação formato para registros com o parâmetro `` format``.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">define_table</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;person&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Field</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;name&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="nb">format</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;</span><span class="si">%(name)s</span><span class="s1">&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
 </pre></div>
@@ -889,7 +889,7 @@ <h3>`` Format``: representação da ficha<a class="headerlink" href="#format-rec
 </ul>
 </section>
 <section id="rname-real-name">
-<h3>`` Rname``: nome real<a class="headerlink" href="#rname-real-name" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>`` Rname``: nome real<a class="headerlink" href="#rname-real-name" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rname</span></code> sets a database backend name for the table. This makes the
 py4web table name an alias, and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rname</span></code> is the real name used when
 constructing the query for the backend. To illustrate just one use,
@@ -898,17 +898,17 @@ <h3>`` Rname``: nome real<a class="headerlink" href="#rname-real-name" title="Pe
 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rname</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">'db1.dbo.table1'</span></code></p>
 </section>
 <section id="primarykey-support-for-legacy-tables">
-<h3>`` Primarykey``: Suporte para tabelas legadas<a class="headerlink" href="#primarykey-support-for-legacy-tables" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>`` Primarykey``: Suporte para tabelas legadas<a class="headerlink" href="#primarykey-support-for-legacy-tables" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">primarykey</span></code> helps support legacy tables with existing primary keys,
 even multi-part. See <a class="reference internal" href="#legacy-databases-and-keyed-tables">Legacy databases and keyed tables</a>.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="migrate-fake-migrate">
-<h3>`` Migrate``, `` fake_migrate``<a class="headerlink" href="#migrate-fake-migrate" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>`` Migrate``, `` fake_migrate``<a class="headerlink" href="#migrate-fake-migrate" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">migrate</span></code> sets migration options for the table. Refer to
 <a class="reference internal" href="#migrations">Migrations</a> for details.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="table-class">
-<h3>`` Table_class``<a class="headerlink" href="#table-class" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>`` Table_class``<a class="headerlink" href="#table-class" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>If you define your own table class as a sub-class of
 pydal.objects.Table, you can provide it here; this allows you to extend
 and override methods. Example:</p>
@@ -922,22 +922,22 @@ <h3>`` Table_class``<a class="headerlink" href="#table-class" title="Permalink t
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="sequence-name">
-<h3>`` Sequence_name``<a class="headerlink" href="#sequence-name" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>`` Sequence_name``<a class="headerlink" href="#sequence-name" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>O nome de uma seqüência tabela personalizada (se suportado pelo banco de dados). Pode criar uma seqüência (a partir de 1 e incrementando por 1) ou usar isso para tabelas legadas com seqüências personalizadas.</p>
 <blockquote>
 <div><p>Observe que, quando necessário, py4web vai criar seqüências automaticamente por padrão.</p>
 </div></blockquote>
 </section>
 <section id="trigger-name">
-<h3>`` Trigger_name``<a class="headerlink" href="#trigger-name" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>`` Trigger_name``<a class="headerlink" href="#trigger-name" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Refere-se a `` sequence_name``. Relevante para alguns backends que não suportam campos numéricos auto-incremento.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="polymodel">
-<h3>`` polymodel``<a class="headerlink" href="#polymodel" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>`` polymodel``<a class="headerlink" href="#polymodel" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>For use with Google App Engine.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="on-define">
-<h3>`` On_define``<a class="headerlink" href="#on-define" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>`` On_define``<a class="headerlink" href="#on-define" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>`` On_define`` é uma chamada de retorno acionado quando um lazy_table é instanciado, embora ela é chamada de qualquer maneira, se a tabela não é preguiçoso. Isso permite que mudanças dinâmicas para a mesa sem perder as vantagens de instanciação adiada.</p>
 <p>Exemplo:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">db</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">DAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">lazy_tables</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
@@ -952,7 +952,7 @@ <h3>`` On_define``<a class="headerlink" href="#on-define" title="Permalink to th
 <p>Nota Este exemplo mostra como usar `` on_define`` mas não é realmente necessário. O simples `` valores requires`` poderiam ser adicionados às definições de campo ea mesa ainda seria preguiçoso. No entanto, `` requires`` que tomar um objeto definido como o primeiro argumento, como IS_IN_DB, vai fazer uma consulta como `` db.sometable.somefield == some_value`` que causaria `` sometable`` a ser definido no início . Esta é a situação salvos por `` on_define``.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="adding-attributes-to-fields-and-tables">
-<h3>Adicionando atributos para campos e tabelas<a class="headerlink" href="#adding-attributes-to-fields-and-tables" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Adicionando atributos para campos e tabelas<a class="headerlink" href="#adding-attributes-to-fields-and-tables" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Se você precisa adicionar atributos personalizados aos campos, você pode simplesmente fazer isso: `` db.table.field.extra = {} ``</p>
 <p>“extra” is not a keyword; it’s a custom attribute now attached to the
 field object. You can do it with tables too but they must be preceded by
@@ -962,7 +962,7 @@ <h3>Adicionando atributos para campos e tabelas<a class="headerlink" href="#addi
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="legacy-databases-and-keyed-tables">
-<h3>Bancos de dados legados e tabelas com chave<a class="headerlink" href="#legacy-databases-and-keyed-tables" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Bancos de dados legados e tabelas com chave<a class="headerlink" href="#legacy-databases-and-keyed-tables" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>py4web pode se conectar a bancos de dados legados sob algumas condições.</p>
 <p>The easiest way is when these conditions are met:</p>
 <ul class="simple">
@@ -994,7 +994,7 @@ <h3>Bancos de dados legados e tabelas com chave<a class="headerlink" href="#lega
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="field-constructor">
-<h2>Construtor Field<a class="headerlink" href="#field-constructor" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Construtor Field<a class="headerlink" href="#field-constructor" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>Estes são os valores padrão de um construtor de campo:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">Field</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fieldname</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;string&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">length</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">default</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">DEFAULT</span><span class="p">,</span>
       <span class="n">required</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">requires</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">DEFAULT</span><span class="p">,</span>
@@ -1080,7 +1080,7 @@ <h2>Construtor Field<a class="headerlink" href="#field-constructor" title="Perma
 thread safe and be set/reset in any action:
 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">default</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">update</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">readable</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">writable</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">requires</span></code>.</p>
 <section id="field-types-and-validators">
-<h3>Field types and validators<a class="headerlink" href="#field-types-and-validators" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Field types and validators<a class="headerlink" href="#field-types-and-validators" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <table class="docutils align-default">
 <thead>
 <tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>Type</p></th>
@@ -1171,7 +1171,7 @@ <h3>Field types and validators<a class="headerlink" href="#field-types-and-valid
 conventions.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="run-time-field-and-table-modification">
-<h3>modificação da tabela e campo em tempo de execução<a class="headerlink" href="#run-time-field-and-table-modification" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>modificação da tabela e campo em tempo de execução<a class="headerlink" href="#run-time-field-and-table-modification" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>A maioria dos atributos de campos e tabelas podem ser modificados depois que eles são definidos:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">define_table</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;person&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Field</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;name&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">default</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="nb">format</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;</span><span class="si">%(name)s</span><span class="s1">&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
 <span class="go">&lt;Table person (id, name)&gt;</span>
@@ -1235,7 +1235,7 @@ <h3>modificação da tabela e campo em tempo de execução<a class="headerlink"
 <p>que retorna um tuplo `` (valor, erro) <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.</span> <span class="pre">``</span> <span class="pre">``</span> <span class="pre">Error</span></code> é None`` se a entrada passa a validação.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="more-on-uploads">
-<h3>Mais sobre envios<a class="headerlink" href="#more-on-uploads" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Mais sobre envios<a class="headerlink" href="#more-on-uploads" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Considere o seguinte modelo:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">define_table</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;myfile&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
                 <span class="n">Field</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;image&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;upload&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">default</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;path/to/file&#39;</span><span class="p">))</span>
@@ -1293,7 +1293,7 @@ <h3>Mais sobre envios<a class="headerlink" href="#more-on-uploads" title="Permal
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="migrations">
-<h2>Migrações<a class="headerlink" href="#migrations" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Migrações<a class="headerlink" href="#migrations" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>With our example table definition:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">define_table</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;person&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
 </pre></div>
@@ -1346,7 +1346,7 @@ <h2>Migrações<a class="headerlink" href="#migrations" title="Permalink to this
 Only one of the two apps should perform migrations, the other should
 disable them.</p>
 <section id="fixing-broken-migrations">
-<h3>Fixação migrações quebrados<a class="headerlink" href="#fixing-broken-migrations" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Fixação migrações quebrados<a class="headerlink" href="#fixing-broken-migrations" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Há dois problemas comuns com as migrações e existem formas de recuperar a partir deles.</p>
 <p>Um problema é específico com SQLite. SQLite não impor tipos de coluna e não pode soltar colunas. Isto significa que se você tiver uma coluna do tipo string e você removê-lo, não é realmente removido. Se você adicionar a coluna novamente com um tipo diferente (por exemplo, data e hora) você acaba com uma coluna de data e hora que contém strings (lixo para fins práticos). não py4web não reclamar sobre isso, porque ele não sabe o que está no banco de dados, até que ele tenta recuperar registros e falha.</p>
 <p>Se py4web retorna um erro em alguma função de análise ao selecionar registros, muito provavelmente isso é devido a dados corrompidos em uma coluna por causa da questão acima.</p>
@@ -1366,7 +1366,7 @@ <h3>Fixação migrações quebrados<a class="headerlink" href="#fixing-broken-mi
 <p>Isso também falhará se o modelo descreve tabelas que não existem no banco de dados, mas pode ajudar a estreitar o problema.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="migration-control-summary">
-<h3>Migração resumo controle<a class="headerlink" href="#migration-control-summary" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Migração resumo controle<a class="headerlink" href="#migration-control-summary" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>A lógica dos vários argumentos de migração estão resumidos neste pseudo-código:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">DAL</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">migrate_enabled</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">table</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">migrate</span><span class="p">:</span>
    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">DAL</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fake_migrate_all</span> <span class="ow">or</span> <span class="n">table</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fake_migrate</span><span class="p">:</span>
@@ -1378,9 +1378,9 @@ <h3>Migração resumo controle<a class="headerlink" href="#migration-control-sum
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="table-methods">
-<h2>Table methods<a class="headerlink" href="#table-methods" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Table methods<a class="headerlink" href="#table-methods" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <section id="insert">
-<h3>`` Insert``<a class="headerlink" href="#insert" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>`` Insert``<a class="headerlink" href="#insert" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Dada uma tabela, você pode inserir registros</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">person</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">insert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;Alex&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
 <span class="go">1</span>
@@ -1411,7 +1411,7 @@ <h3>`` Insert``<a class="headerlink" href="#insert" title="Permalink to this hea
 <p>É preciso uma lista de dicionários de campos a serem inseridas e executa várias inserções ao mesmo tempo. Ele retorna a lista de valores “id” dos registros inseridos. Nos bancos de dados relacionais suportadas não há nenhuma vantagem em usar esta função ao invés de looping e realizando inserções individuais, mas no Google App Engine NoSQL, há uma grande vantagem de velocidade.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="query-set-rows">
-<h3>`` Query``, `` Set``, `` Rows``<a class="headerlink" href="#query-set-rows" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>`` Query``, `` Set``, `` Rows``<a class="headerlink" href="#query-set-rows" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Vamos considerar novamente a tabela definida (e caiu) anteriormente e inserir três registros:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">define_table</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;person&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Field</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;name&#39;</span><span class="p">))</span>
 <span class="go">&lt;Table person (id, name)&gt;</span>
@@ -1442,7 +1442,7 @@ <h3>`` Query``, `` Set``, `` Rows``<a class="headerlink" href="#query-set-rows"
 <p>Observe que nenhuma consulta de banco de dados foi realizada até agora. DAL + consulta simplesmente definir um conjunto de registros neste db que correspondem a consulta. py4web determina a partir da consulta que tabela (ou tabelas) estão envolvidos e, de fato, não há necessidade de especificar isso.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="update-or-insert">
-<h3>`` Update_or_insert``<a class="headerlink" href="#update-or-insert" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>`` Update_or_insert``<a class="headerlink" href="#update-or-insert" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Algumas vezes você precisa executar uma inserção somente se não há nenhum registro com os mesmos valores como aqueles que estão sendo inseridos. Isso pode ser feito com</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">define_table</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;person&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
                 <span class="n">Field</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;name&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span>
@@ -1468,7 +1468,7 @@ <h3>`` Update_or_insert``<a class="headerlink" href="#update-or-insert" title="P
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="validate-and-insert-validate-and-update">
-<h3>`` Validate_and_insert``, `` validate_and_update``<a class="headerlink" href="#validate-and-insert-validate-and-update" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>`` Validate_and_insert``, `` validate_and_update``<a class="headerlink" href="#validate-and-insert-validate-and-update" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>A função</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">ret</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mytable</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">validate_and_insert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">field</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;value&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
 </pre></div>
@@ -1489,14 +1489,14 @@ <h3>`` Validate_and_insert``, `` validate_and_update``<a class="headerlink" href
 <p>exceto que ele chama os validadores para os campos antes de realizar a atualização. Note que ele só funciona se consulta envolve uma única tabela. O número de registros atualizados podem ser encontrados em `` ret.updated`` e erros será no `` ret.errors``.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="drop">
-<h3>`` Drop``<a class="headerlink" href="#drop" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>`` Drop``<a class="headerlink" href="#drop" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Finalmente, você pode soltar tabelas e todos os dados serão perdidos:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">person</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">drop</span><span class="p">()</span>
 </pre></div>
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="tagging-records">
-<h3>Marcação de registros<a class="headerlink" href="#tagging-records" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Marcação de registros<a class="headerlink" href="#tagging-records" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Etiquetas permite adicionar ou encontrar propriedades anexadas aos registros em seu banco de dados.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">py4web</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">DAL</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Field</span>
 <span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">pydal.tools.tags</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Tags</span>
@@ -1534,9 +1534,9 @@ <h3>Marcação de registros<a class="headerlink" href="#tagging-records" title="
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="raw-sql">
-<h2>Raw SQL<a class="headerlink" href="#raw-sql" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Raw SQL<a class="headerlink" href="#raw-sql" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <section id="executesql">
-<h3>`` executesql``<a class="headerlink" href="#executesql" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>`` executesql``<a class="headerlink" href="#executesql" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>A DAL permite emitir explicitamente instruções SQL.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">executesql</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;SELECT * FROM person;&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
 <span class="go">[(1, u&#39;Massimo&#39;), (2, u&#39;Massimo&#39;)]</span>
@@ -1563,7 +1563,7 @@ <h3>`` executesql``<a class="headerlink" href="#executesql" title="Permalink to
 <p>Observe, a Tabela DAL objectos referidos por `` fields`` ou `` colnames`` pode ser fictícios mesas e não têm para representar todas as tabelas reais no banco de dados. Além disso, nota que o `` fields`` e `` colnames`` devem estar na mesma ordem que os campos nos resultados cursor retornado do DB.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="lastsql">
-<h3>`` _Lastsql``<a class="headerlink" href="#lastsql" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>`` _Lastsql``<a class="headerlink" href="#lastsql" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Se SQL foi executado manualmente usando ExecuteSQL ou foi SQL gerado pelo DAL, você sempre pode encontrar o código SQL em `` db._lastsql``. Isso é útil para fins de depuração:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">rows</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">db</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">select</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">person</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ALL</span><span class="p">)</span>
 <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_lastsql</span>
@@ -1576,14 +1576,14 @@ <h3>`` _Lastsql``<a class="headerlink" href="#lastsql" title="Permalink to this
 </div></blockquote>
 </section>
 <section id="timing-queries">
-<h3>Temporização de consultas<a class="headerlink" href="#timing-queries" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Temporização de consultas<a class="headerlink" href="#timing-queries" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>All queries are automatically timed by py4web. The variable
 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">db._timings</span></code> is a list of tuples. Each tuple contains the raw SQL
 query as passed to the database driver and the time it took to execute
 in seconds.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="indexes">
-<h3>Índices<a class="headerlink" href="#indexes" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Índices<a class="headerlink" href="#indexes" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Atualmente, a API DAL não fornece um comando para criar índices em tabelas, mas isso pode ser feito usando o comando `` executesql``. Isso ocorre porque a existência de índices pode fazer migrações complexa, e é melhor para lidar com eles de forma explícita. Os índices podem ser necessários para esses campos que são usados ​​em consultas recorrentes.</p>
 <p>Aqui está um exemplo de como:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">db</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">DAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;sqlite://storage.sqlite&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
@@ -1594,7 +1594,7 @@ <h3>Índices<a class="headerlink" href="#indexes" title="Permalink to this headi
 <p>Outros dialetos banco de dados têm sintaxes muito semelhantes, mas pode não suportar o opcional “SE NÃO EXISTE” directiva.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="generating-raw-sql">
-<h3>Generating raw SQL<a class="headerlink" href="#generating-raw-sql" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Generating raw SQL<a class="headerlink" href="#generating-raw-sql" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Às vezes você precisa para gerar o SQL, mas não executá-lo. Isso é fácil de fazer com py4web uma vez que cada comando que executa banco de dados IO tem um comando equivalente que não, e simplesmente retorna o SQL que teriam sido executados. Estes comandos têm os mesmos nomes e sintaxe como os funcionais, mas eles começam com um sublinhado:</p>
 <p>Aqui é `` _insert``</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">person</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_insert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;Alex&#39;</span><span class="p">))</span>
@@ -1627,7 +1627,7 @@ <h3>Generating raw SQL<a class="headerlink" href="#generating-raw-sql" title="Pe
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="select-command">
-<h2>`` Comando SELECT``<a class="headerlink" href="#select-command" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>`` Comando SELECT``<a class="headerlink" href="#select-command" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>Dado um conjunto, `` s``, você pode buscar os registros com o comando `` SELECT``:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">rows</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">s</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">select</span><span class="p">()</span>
 </pre></div>
@@ -1717,7 +1717,7 @@ <h2>`` Comando SELECT``<a class="headerlink" href="#select-command" title="Perma
 </pre></div>
 </div>
 <section id="using-an-iterator-based-select-for-lower-memory-use">
-<h3>Usando um seleto para uso de memória inferior à base de iterador<a class="headerlink" href="#using-an-iterator-based-select-for-lower-memory-use" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Usando um seleto para uso de memória inferior à base de iterador<a class="headerlink" href="#using-an-iterator-based-select-for-lower-memory-use" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Python “iterators” são um tipo de “preguiçoso-avaliação”. Eles dados ‘alimentar’ um passo de tempo; laços tradicionais Python criar todo o conjunto de dados na memória antes de looping.</p>
 <p>O uso tradicional de selecionar é:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">row</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">db</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">table</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">select</span><span class="p">():</span>
@@ -1732,7 +1732,7 @@ <h3>Usando um seleto para uso de memória inferior à base de iterador<a class="
 <p>Testes mostram que  isto é de cerca de 10% mais rápido, mesmo em máquinas com muita RAM.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="rendering-rows-using-represent">
-<h3>Renderizando Rows com represent<a class="headerlink" href="#rendering-rows-using-represent" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Renderizando Rows com represent<a class="headerlink" href="#rendering-rows-using-represent" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Você pode querer reescrever linhas retornadas por seleção para tirar proveito de informações de formatação contida na representa a criação dos campos.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">rows</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">db</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">query</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">select</span><span class="p">()</span>
 <span class="n">repr_row</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">rows</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">render</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
@@ -1756,7 +1756,7 @@ <h3>Renderizando Rows com represent<a class="headerlink" href="#rendering-rows-u
 update_record (which you wouldn’t want anyway) or delete_record.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="shortcuts">
-<h3>Atalhos<a class="headerlink" href="#shortcuts" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Atalhos<a class="headerlink" href="#shortcuts" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>A DAL suporta vários atalhos-simplificando código. Em particular:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">myrecord</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mytable</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">id</span><span class="p">]</span>
 </pre></div>
@@ -1797,7 +1797,7 @@ <h3>Atalhos<a class="headerlink" href="#shortcuts" title="Permalink to this head
 <p>e atualiza um registro existente com os valores dos campos especificados pelo dicionário sobre o lado direito.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="fetching-a-row">
-<h3>A obtenção de um `` row``<a class="headerlink" href="#fetching-a-row" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>A obtenção de um `` row``<a class="headerlink" href="#fetching-a-row" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>No entanto, outra sintaxe conveniente é o seguinte:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">record</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mytable</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">id</span><span class="p">)</span>
 <span class="n">record</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mytable</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mytable</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">id</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="nb">id</span><span class="p">)</span>
@@ -1807,7 +1807,7 @@ <h3>A obtenção de um `` row``<a class="headerlink" href="#fetching-a-row" titl
 <p>Aparentemente semelhante a `` db.mytable [id] `` a sintaxe acima é mais flexível e mais seguro. Antes de tudo, verifica se `` id`` é um int (ou `` str (id) `` é um int) e retorna `` None`` se não (nunca levanta uma exceção). Ele também permite especificar várias condições que o registro deve atender. Se eles não forem atendidas, ele também retorna `` None``.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="recursive-selects">
-<h3>Recursivas `` s SELECT``<a class="headerlink" href="#recursive-selects" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Recursivas `` s SELECT``<a class="headerlink" href="#recursive-selects" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Considere a pessoa tabela anterior e uma nova tabela “coisa” fazendo referência a uma “pessoa”:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">define_table</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;thing&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
                 <span class="n">Field</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;name&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span>
@@ -1842,10 +1842,10 @@ <h3>Recursivas `` s SELECT``<a class="headerlink" href="#recursive-selects" titl
 <p>isto é, o conjunto de thing`` `` s referenciados pelos actuais `` Person``. Esta sintaxe se decompõe se a tabela referenciando tem várias referências à tabela referenciada. Neste case é preciso ser mais explícito e usar uma consulta completa.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="orderby-groupby-limitby-distinct-having-orderby-on-limitby-join-left-cache">
-<span id="orderby-groupby-limitby"></span><h3>`` Orderby``, `` groupby``, `` limitby``, `` distinct``, `` having``, `` orderby_on_limitby``, `` join``, `` left``, `` cache``<a class="headerlink" href="#orderby-groupby-limitby-distinct-having-orderby-on-limitby-join-left-cache" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<span id="orderby-groupby-limitby"></span><h3>`` Orderby``, `` groupby``, `` limitby``, `` distinct``, `` having``, `` orderby_on_limitby``, `` join``, `` left``, `` cache``<a class="headerlink" href="#orderby-groupby-limitby-distinct-having-orderby-on-limitby-join-left-cache" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>O comando `` SELECT`` leva uma série de argumentos opcionais.</p>
 <section id="orderby">
-<h4>ordenar por<a class="headerlink" href="#orderby" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4>ordenar por<a class="headerlink" href="#orderby" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>Você pode buscar os registros classificados pelo nome:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">row</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">db</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">select</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">person</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ALL</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">orderby</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">person</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">):</span>
 <span class="gp">... </span>    <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">)</span>
@@ -1891,7 +1891,7 @@ <h4>ordenar por<a class="headerlink" href="#orderby" title="Permalink to this he
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="groupby-having">
-<h4>groupby, tendo<a class="headerlink" href="#groupby-having" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4>groupby, tendo<a class="headerlink" href="#groupby-having" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>Usando `` groupby`` juntamente com `` orderby``, você pode agrupar registros com o mesmo valor para o campo especificado (isto é back-end específico, e não é sobre o Google NoSQL):</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">row</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">db</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">select</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">person</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ALL</span><span class="p">,</span>
 <span class="gp">... </span>                       <span class="n">orderby</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">person</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span>
@@ -1910,7 +1910,7 @@ <h4>groupby, tendo<a class="headerlink" href="#groupby-having" title="Permalink
 <p>Observe que os registros filtros Consulta1 a ser exibido, registros filtros Query2 ser agrupados.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="distinct">
-<h4>distinto<a class="headerlink" href="#distinct" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4>distinto<a class="headerlink" href="#distinct" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>Com o argumento `` distinta = True``, você pode especificar que você só quer selecionar registros distintos. Isto tem o mesmo efeito que o agrupamento usando todos os campos especificados, exceto que ele não necessita de classificação. Ao usar distinta é importante não para selecionar todos os campos, e em particular para não selecionar o campo “id”, senão todos os registros serão sempre distintas.</p>
 <p>Aqui está um exemplo:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">row</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">db</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">select</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">person</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">distinct</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">):</span>
@@ -1932,7 +1932,7 @@ <h4>distinto<a class="headerlink" href="#distinct" title="Permalink to this head
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="limitby">
-<h4>limitby<a class="headerlink" href="#limitby" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4>limitby<a class="headerlink" href="#limitby" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>Com `` limitby = (min, max) <a href="#id1"><span class="problematic" id="id2">``</span></a>, pode seleccionar um subconjunto dos registos de deslocamento = min, mas não incluindo offset = máx. No próximo exemplo nós selecionamos os dois primeiros registros a partir de zero:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">row</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">db</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">select</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">person</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ALL</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">limitby</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)):</span>
 <span class="gp">... </span>    <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">)</span>
@@ -1943,16 +1943,16 @@ <h4>limitby<a class="headerlink" href="#limitby" title="Permalink to this headin
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="orderby-on-limitby">
-<h4>orderby_on_limitby<a class="headerlink" href="#orderby-on-limitby" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4>orderby_on_limitby<a class="headerlink" href="#orderby-on-limitby" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>Note-se que os padrões DAL de adicionar implicitamente um orderby ao usar um limitby. Isso garante a mesma consulta retorna os mesmos resultados de cada vez, importante para a paginação. Mas pode causar problemas de desempenho. use `` orderby_on_limitby = False`` para mudar isso (isso o padrão é True).</p>
 </section>
 <section id="join-left">
-<h4>juntar-se, deixou<a class="headerlink" href="#join-left" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4>juntar-se, deixou<a class="headerlink" href="#join-left" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>These are involved in managing <a class="reference internal" href="#one-to-many-relation">One to many relation</a>. They are
 described in <a class="reference internal" href="#inner-join">Inner join</a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#left-outer-join">Left outer join</a> sections respectively.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="cache-cacheable">
-<h4>cache, em cache<a class="headerlink" href="#cache-cacheable" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4>cache, em cache<a class="headerlink" href="#cache-cacheable" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>An example use which gives much faster selects is:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">rows</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">db</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">query</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">select</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cache</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cache</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ram</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3600</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">cacheable</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
 </pre></div>
@@ -1961,7 +1961,7 @@ <h4>cache, em cache<a class="headerlink" href="#cache-cacheable" title="Permalin
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="logical-operators">
-<h3>Operadores lógicos<a class="headerlink" href="#logical-operators" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Operadores lógicos<a class="headerlink" href="#logical-operators" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>As consultas podem ser combinados usando o binário operador AND “` <cite>&amp;</cite> <a href="#id1"><span class="problematic" id="id2">`</span></a>”:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">rows</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">db</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">person</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="o">==</span><span class="s1">&#39;Alex&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">&amp;</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">person</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">id</span> <span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">select</span><span class="p">()</span>
 <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">row</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">rows</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">print</span> <span class="n">row</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">id</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">row</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span>
@@ -2000,7 +2000,7 @@ <h3>Operadores lógicos<a class="headerlink" href="#logical-operators" title="Pe
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="count-isempty-delete-update">
-<h3>`` Count``, `` isempty``, `` DELETE``, `` update``<a class="headerlink" href="#count-isempty-delete-update" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>`` Count``, `` isempty``, `` DELETE``, `` update``<a class="headerlink" href="#count-isempty-delete-update" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Você pode contar registros em um conjunto:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">db</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">person</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;William&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">count</span><span class="p">()</span>
 <span class="go">3</span>
@@ -2026,7 +2026,7 @@ <h3>`` Count``, `` isempty``, `` DELETE``, `` update``<a class="headerlink" href
 <p>O método <cite>update`</cite> retorna o número de registros que foram atualizados.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="expressions">
-<h3>Expressões<a class="headerlink" href="#expressions" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Expressões<a class="headerlink" href="#expressions" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>O valor atribuído uma instrução de atualização pode ser uma expressão. Por exemplo, considere este modelo</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">define_table</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;person&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
                 <span class="n">Field</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;name&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span>
@@ -2046,7 +2046,7 @@ <h3>Expressões<a class="headerlink" href="#expressions" title="Permalink to thi
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="case">
-<h3>`` case``<a class="headerlink" href="#case" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>`` case``<a class="headerlink" href="#case" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Uma expressão pode conter uma cláusula case, por exemplo:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">condition</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">person</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">startswith</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;B&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
 <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">yes_or_no</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">condition</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">case</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Yes&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;No&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
@@ -2060,7 +2060,7 @@ <h3>`` case``<a class="headerlink" href="#case" title="Permalink to this heading
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="update-record">
-<h3>`` Update_record``<a class="headerlink" href="#update-record" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>`` Update_record``<a class="headerlink" href="#update-record" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>py4web também permite actualizar um único registro que já está na memória usando `` update_record``</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">row</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">db</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">person</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">id</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">select</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">first</span><span class="p">()</span>
 <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">row</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">update_record</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;Curt&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
@@ -2092,7 +2092,7 @@ <h3>`` Update_record``<a class="headerlink" href="#update-record" title="Permali
 <p>O método <cite>update_record`</cite> está disponível apenas se campo` <cite>id`</cite> da tabela está incluído no seleto, e` <cite>cacheable`</cite> não está definido para` <cite>True`</cite>.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="inserting-and-updating-from-a-dictionary">
-<h3>Inserir e atualizar a partir de um dicionário<a class="headerlink" href="#inserting-and-updating-from-a-dictionary" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Inserir e atualizar a partir de um dicionário<a class="headerlink" href="#inserting-and-updating-from-a-dictionary" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Um problema comum é composto de precisar inserir ou atualizar registros em uma tabela onde o nome da tabela, o campo para ser atualizado, eo valor para o campo são armazenados em variáveis. Por exemplo: `` tablename``, `` fieldname``, e `` value``.</p>
 <p>A inserção pode ser feito usando a seguinte sintaxe:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">db</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">tablename</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">insert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">**</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">fieldname</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">value</span><span class="p">})</span>
@@ -2105,7 +2105,7 @@ <h3>Inserir e atualizar a partir de um dicionário<a class="headerlink" href="#i
 <p>Observe que usamos `` table._id`` ao invés de `` table.id``. Desta forma, a consulta funciona mesmo para tabelas com um campo de chave primária com o tipo diferente de “id”.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="first-and-last">
-<h3>`` `` First`` e last``<a class="headerlink" href="#first-and-last" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>`` `` First`` e last``<a class="headerlink" href="#first-and-last" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Dado um objecto linhas contendo registos:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">rows</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">db</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">query</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">select</span><span class="p">()</span>
 <span class="n">first_row</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">rows</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">first</span><span class="p">()</span>
@@ -2120,7 +2120,7 @@ <h3>`` `` First`` e last``<a class="headerlink" href="#first-and-last" title="Pe
 <p>Observe, `` primeiro () `` e `` última () `` permitem obter, obviamente, o primeiro e último registro presente em sua consulta, mas isso não significa que esses registros estão indo para ser o primeiro ou o último inserido registros. No case de pretender o primeiro ou último registro inserido em uma determinada tabela não se esqueça de usar `` orderby = db.table_name.id``. Se você esquecer você só vai conseguir o primeiro eo último registro retornado pela consulta, que são muitas vezes em uma ordem aleatória determinada pelo otimizador de consulta backend.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="as-dict-and-as-list">
-<h3>`` `` As_dict`` e as_list``<a class="headerlink" href="#as-dict-and-as-list" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>`` `` As_dict`` e as_list``<a class="headerlink" href="#as-dict-and-as-list" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Fila objecto pode ser serializados em um dicionário normal usando a `` as_dict () `` método e um objecto de linhas pode ser serializados em uma lista de dicionários usando a `` as_list () `` método. aqui estão alguns exemplos:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">rows</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">db</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">query</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">select</span><span class="p">()</span>
 <span class="n">rows_list</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">rows</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">as_list</span><span class="p">()</span>
@@ -2137,7 +2137,7 @@ <h3>`` `` As_dict`` e as_list``<a class="headerlink" href="#as-dict-and-as-list"
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="combining-rows">
-<h3>Combinando Rows<a class="headerlink" href="#combining-rows" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Combinando Rows<a class="headerlink" href="#combining-rows" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Fileiras objectos podem ser combinadas no nível Python. Aqui assumimos:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">rows1</span><span class="p">)</span>
 <span class="go">person.name</span>
@@ -2178,7 +2178,7 @@ <h3>Combinando Rows<a class="headerlink" href="#combining-rows" title="Permalink
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="find-exclude-sort">
-<h3>`` Find``, `` exclude``, `` sort``<a class="headerlink" href="#find-exclude-sort" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>`` Find``, `` exclude``, `` sort``<a class="headerlink" href="#find-exclude-sort" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Algumas vezes você precisa executar duas seleciona e um contém um subconjunto de um seleto anterior. Neste case, é inútil para acessar o banco de dados novamente. Os `` find``, `` exclude`` e `` objetos sort`` permitem manipular fileiras objeto e gerar outro sem acessar o banco de dados. Mais especificamente: - `` retorna find`` um novo conjunto de linhas filtradas por uma condição e deixa o inalterados originais. - `` retornos exclude`` um novo conjunto de linhas filtrados por uma condição e remove-los das linhas originais. - `` retorna sort`` um novo conjunto de linhas classificadas por uma condição e deixa o inalterados originais.</p>
 <p>Todos estes métodos dar um único argumento, uma função que age em cada linha individual.</p>
 <p>Aqui está um exemplo de uso:</p>
@@ -2224,7 +2224,7 @@ <h3>`` Find``, `` exclude``, `` sort``<a class="headerlink" href="#find-exclude-
 <p>O método <cite>find`</cite> tem um argumento` <cite>limitby`</cite> opcional com a mesma sintaxe e funcionalidade como o conjunto` <cite>método SELECT`</cite>.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="caching-selects">
-<h3>Selects com cache<a class="headerlink" href="#caching-selects" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Selects com cache<a class="headerlink" href="#caching-selects" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>O método de seleção também leva um argumento cache`` <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">,</span> <span class="pre">cujo</span> <span class="pre">padrão</span> <span class="pre">é</span> <span class="pre">None.</span> <span class="pre">Para</span> <span class="pre">fins</span> <span class="pre">de</span> <span class="pre">armazenamento</span> <span class="pre">em</span> <span class="pre">cache,</span> <span class="pre">deve</span> <span class="pre">ser</span> <span class="pre">definido</span> <span class="pre">como</span> <span class="pre">um</span> <span class="pre">tuplo</span> <span class="pre">em</span> <span class="pre">que</span> <span class="pre">o</span> <span class="pre">primeiro</span> <span class="pre">elemento</span> <span class="pre">é</span> <span class="pre">o</span> <span class="pre">modelo</span> <span class="pre">do</span> <span class="pre">cache</span> <span class="pre">(</span> <span class="pre">``</span> <span class="pre">cache.ram</span></code>, `` cache.disk``, etc), e o segundo elemento é o tempo de validade em segundo .</p>
 <p>No exemplo a seguir, você vê um controlador que armazena em cache um seleto sobre a mesa db.log previamente definido. As buscas reais dados selecionados do banco de dados back-end não mais do que uma vez a cada 60 segundos e armazena o resultado na memória. Se a próxima chamada para este controlador ocorre em menos de 60 segundos desde o último banco de dados IO, ele simplesmente vai buscar os dados anteriores da memória.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">cache_db_select</span><span class="p">():</span>
@@ -2244,9 +2244,9 @@ <h3>Selects com cache<a class="headerlink" href="#caching-selects" title="Permal
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="computed-and-virtual-fields">
-<h2>Computed and Virtual fields<a class="headerlink" href="#computed-and-virtual-fields" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Computed and Virtual fields<a class="headerlink" href="#computed-and-virtual-fields" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <section id="computed-fields">
-<h3>Campos computados<a class="headerlink" href="#computed-fields" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Campos computados<a class="headerlink" href="#computed-fields" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Campos DAL podem ter um atributo `` compute``. Esta deve ser uma função (ou lambda) que recebe um objeto Row e retorna um valor para o campo. Quando um novo registo é modificado, incluindo inserções e atualizações, se um valor para o campo não é fornecido, py4web tenta calcular a partir dos outros valores de campo utilizando a função `` compute``. Aqui está um exemplo:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">define_table</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;item&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
 <span class="gp">... </span>                <span class="n">Field</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;unit_price&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;double&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span>
@@ -2272,11 +2272,11 @@ <h3>Campos computados<a class="headerlink" href="#computed-fields" title="Permal
 computed fields.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="virtual-fields">
-<h3>Campos virtuais<a class="headerlink" href="#virtual-fields" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Campos virtuais<a class="headerlink" href="#virtual-fields" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Campos virtuais também são computados campos (como na subseção anterior), mas eles diferem daquelas porque são * * virtual no sentido de que não são armazenadas no db e eles são calculados a cada vez registros são extraídos do banco de dados. Eles podem ser usados ​​para simplificar o código do usuário sem usar armazenamento adicional, mas eles não podem ser usados ​​para pesquisa.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="new-style-virtual-fields-experimental">
-<h3>Campos virtuais novo estilo (experimental)<a class="headerlink" href="#new-style-virtual-fields-experimental" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Campos virtuais novo estilo (experimental)<a class="headerlink" href="#new-style-virtual-fields-experimental" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>py4web fornece uma nova e mais fácil maneira de definir campos virtuais e campos virtuais preguiçosos. Esta seção é marcado experimental porque as APIs ainda podem mudar um pouco do que é descrito aqui.</p>
 <p>Aqui vamos considerar o mesmo exemplo na subseção anterior. Em particular, considere o seguinte modelo:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">define_table</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;item&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
@@ -2324,7 +2324,7 @@ <h3>Campos virtuais novo estilo (experimental)<a class="headerlink" href="#new-s
 </div></blockquote>
 </section>
 <section id="old-style-virtual-fields">
-<h3>Campos virtuais velho antigo<a class="headerlink" href="#old-style-virtual-fields" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Campos virtuais velho antigo<a class="headerlink" href="#old-style-virtual-fields" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>A fim de definir um ou mais virtuais campos, você também pode definir uma classe de contêiner, instanciá-lo e vinculá-lo a uma tabela ou a um seleto. Por exemplo, considere a seguinte tabela:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">define_table</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;item&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
                 <span class="n">Field</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;unit_price&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;double&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span>
@@ -2413,9 +2413,9 @@ <h3>Campos virtuais velho antigo<a class="headerlink" href="#old-style-virtual-f
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="joins-and-relations">
-<h2>Joins and Relations<a class="headerlink" href="#joins-and-relations" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Joins and Relations<a class="headerlink" href="#joins-and-relations" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <section id="one-to-many-relation">
-<h3>Um para muitos relação<a class="headerlink" href="#one-to-many-relation" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Um para muitos relação<a class="headerlink" href="#one-to-many-relation" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Para ilustrar como implementar um para muitos relação com a DAL, definir outra mesa “coisa” que refere-se à mesa “pessoa” que redefinir aqui:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">define_table</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;person&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
 <span class="gp">... </span>                <span class="n">Field</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;name&#39;</span><span class="p">))</span>
@@ -2472,7 +2472,7 @@ <h3>Um para muitos relação<a class="headerlink" href="#one-to-many-relation" t
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="inner-join">
-<h3>Inner join<a class="headerlink" href="#inner-join" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Inner join<a class="headerlink" href="#inner-join" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Outra forma de conseguir um resultado semelhante é usando uma junção, especificamente um INNER JOIN. executa py4web junta-se automaticamente e de forma transparente quando a consulta liga dois ou mais tabelas como no exemplo a seguir:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">rows</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">db</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">person</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">id</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">thing</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">owner_id</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">select</span><span class="p">()</span>
 <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">row</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">rows</span><span class="p">:</span>
@@ -2519,7 +2519,7 @@ <h3>Inner join<a class="headerlink" href="#inner-join" title="Permalink to this
 <p>O valor de `` join`` pode ser lista de `` db.table.on (…) `` para participar.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="left-outer-join">
-<h3>Left outer join<a class="headerlink" href="#left-outer-join" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Left outer join<a class="headerlink" href="#left-outer-join" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Observe que Carl não aparecer na lista acima, porque ele não tem as coisas. Se você pretende selecionar sobre as pessoas (se eles têm coisas ou não) e as suas coisas (se tiver algum), então você precisa para realizar um LEFT OUTER JOIN. Isso é feito usando o argumento de “esquerda” da seleção. Aqui está um exemplo:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">rows</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">db</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">select</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">person</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ALL</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">thing</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ALL</span><span class="p">,</span>
 <span class="gp">... </span>                   <span class="n">left</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">thing</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">on</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">person</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">id</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">thing</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">owner_id</span><span class="p">))</span>
@@ -2540,7 +2540,7 @@ <h3>Left outer join<a class="headerlink" href="#left-outer-join" title="Permalin
 <p>Multiple esquerda junções podem ser combinados, passando uma lista ou tupla de `` db.mytable.on (…) `` para o parâmetro `` left``.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="grouping-and-counting">
-<h3>Agrupamento e contando<a class="headerlink" href="#grouping-and-counting" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Agrupamento e contando<a class="headerlink" href="#grouping-and-counting" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Ao fazer junta-se, às vezes você quer agrupar linhas de acordo com certos critérios e contá-los. Por exemplo, contar o número de coisas pertencentes a cada pessoa. py4web permite isso também. Primeiro, você precisa de um operador de contagem. Em segundo lugar, você quer se juntar a tabela a pessoa com o quadro de coisa pelo proprietário. Terceiro, você quer selecionar todas as linhas (pessoa + coisa), agrupá-los por pessoa, e contá-los enquanto agrupamento:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">count</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">person</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">id</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">count</span><span class="p">()</span>
 <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">row</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">db</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">person</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">id</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">thing</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">owner_id</span>
@@ -2555,7 +2555,7 @@ <h3>Agrupamento e contando<a class="headerlink" href="#grouping-and-counting" ti
 <p>O método <cite>count`</cite> do objeto campo tem um argumento` <cite>distinct`</cite> opcional. Quando ajustado para `` True`` especifica que apenas os valores distintos de campo em questão estão a ser contadas.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="many-to-many-relation">
-<h3>Many to many relation<a class="headerlink" href="#many-to-many-relation" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Many to many relation<a class="headerlink" href="#many-to-many-relation" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Nos exemplos anteriores, que permitiram uma coisa para ter um proprietário, mas uma pessoa pode ter muitas coisas. E se barco era propriedade de Alex e Curt? Isso requer uma relação muitos-para-muitos, e é realizada através de uma tabela intermediária que liga uma pessoa a uma coisa através de uma relação de propriedade.</p>
 <p>Aqui está como fazê-lo:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">define_table</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;person&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
@@ -2622,7 +2622,7 @@ <h3>Many to many relation<a class="headerlink" href="#many-to-many-relation" tit
 <p>Uma alternativa mais leve para muitos-para-muitos relações é a marcação, encontram-se um exemplo disso na próxima seção. Marcação de obras, mesmo em backends de banco de dados que não suportam JOINs como o Google App Engine NoSQL.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="self-reference-and-aliases">
-<h3>A auto-referência e aliases<a class="headerlink" href="#self-reference-and-aliases" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>A auto-referência e aliases<a class="headerlink" href="#self-reference-and-aliases" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>É possível definir tabelas com campos que se referem a si mesmos, aqui está um exemplo:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">define_table</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;person&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
                 <span class="n">Field</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;name&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span>
@@ -2688,7 +2688,7 @@ <h3>A auto-referência e aliases<a class="headerlink" href="#self-reference-and-
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="other-operators">
-<h2>Outros operadores<a class="headerlink" href="#other-operators" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Outros operadores<a class="headerlink" href="#other-operators" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>py4web tem outros operadores que fornecem uma API para operadores SQL equivalentes de acesso. Vamos definir outra mesa “log” para eventos loja de segurança, sua event_time e gravidade, onde a gravidade é um número inteiro.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">define_table</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;log&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Field</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;event&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span>
 <span class="gp">... </span>                       <span class="n">Field</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;event_time&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;datetime&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span>
@@ -2708,7 +2708,7 @@ <h2>Outros operadores<a class="headerlink" href="#other-operators" title="Permal
 </pre></div>
 </div>
 <section id="like-ilike-regexp-startswith-endswith-contains-upper-lower">
-<h3>`` Like``, `` ilike``, `` regexp``, `` startswith``, `` endswith``, `` contains``, `` upper``, `` lower``<a class="headerlink" href="#like-ilike-regexp-startswith-endswith-contains-upper-lower" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>`` Like``, `` ilike``, `` regexp``, `` startswith``, `` endswith``, `` contains``, `` upper``, `` lower``<a class="headerlink" href="#like-ilike-regexp-startswith-endswith-contains-upper-lower" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Campos tem um `` operador like`` que você pode usar para combinar strings:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">row</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">db</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">log</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">event</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">like</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;port%&#39;</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">select</span><span class="p">():</span>
 <span class="gp">... </span>    <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">event</span><span class="p">)</span>
@@ -2757,7 +2757,7 @@ <h3>`` Like``, `` ilike``, `` regexp``, `` startswith``, `` endswith``, `` conta
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="year-month-day-hour-minutes-seconds">
-<h3>`` Year``, `` month``, `` day``, `` hour``, `` minutes``, `` seconds``<a class="headerlink" href="#year-month-day-hour-minutes-seconds" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>`` Year``, `` month``, `` day``, `` hour``, `` minutes``, `` seconds``<a class="headerlink" href="#year-month-day-hour-minutes-seconds" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>A data ea data e hora campos têm `` day``, `` month`` e `` métodos year``. Os campos de data e hora e de tempo têm `` hour``, `` `` minutes`` e métodos seconds``. Aqui está um exemplo:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">row</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">db</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">log</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">event_time</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">year</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="mi">2018</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">select</span><span class="p">():</span>
 <span class="gp">... </span>    <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">event</span><span class="p">)</span>
@@ -2769,7 +2769,7 @@ <h3>`` Year``, `` month``, `` day``, `` hour``, `` minutes``, `` seconds``<a cla
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="belongs">
-<h3>`` Belongs``<a class="headerlink" href="#belongs" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>`` Belongs``<a class="headerlink" href="#belongs" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>O operador IN SQL é realizado através do método <cite>belongs`</cite> que devolve verdadeiro quando o valor do campo pertence ao conjunto especificado (lista ou tuplos):</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">row</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">db</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">log</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">severity</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">belongs</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)))</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">select</span><span class="p">():</span>
 <span class="gp">... </span>    <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">event</span><span class="p">)</span>
@@ -2807,7 +2807,7 @@ <h3>`` Belongs``<a class="headerlink" href="#belongs" title="Permalink to this h
 <p>Neste case, `` lazy`` é uma expressão aninhada que calcula o `` id`` de pessoa “Jonathan”. As duas linhas resultar em uma consulta SQL única.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="sum-avg-min-max-and-len">
-<h3>`` Sum``, `` avg``, `` min``, `` `` max`` e len``<a class="headerlink" href="#sum-avg-min-max-and-len" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>`` Sum``, `` avg``, `` min``, `` `` max`` e len``<a class="headerlink" href="#sum-avg-min-max-and-len" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Anteriormente, você usou o `` operador count`` para contar registros. Da mesma forma, você pode usar o `` operador sum`` para adicionar (soma) os valores de um campo específico de um grupo de registros. Tal como no case de contagem, o resultado de uma soma é recuperado através do objecto de armazenamento:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">sum</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">log</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">severity</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sum</span><span class="p">()</span>
 <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">select</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">sum</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">first</span><span class="p">()[</span><span class="nb">sum</span><span class="p">])</span>
@@ -2835,14 +2835,14 @@ <h3>`` Sum``, `` avg``, `` min``, `` `` max`` e len``<a class="headerlink" href=
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="substrings">
-<h3>Substrings<a class="headerlink" href="#substrings" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Substrings<a class="headerlink" href="#substrings" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Pode-se construir uma expressão para se referir a uma substring. Por exemplo, podemos agrupar as coisas cujo nome começa com os mesmos três personagens e selecione apenas um de cada grupo:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">db</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">thing</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">select</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">distinct</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">thing</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">[:</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">])</span>
 </pre></div>
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="default-values-with-coalesce-and-coalesce-zero">
-<h3>Os valores por defeito com `` `` coalesce`` e coalesce_zero``<a class="headerlink" href="#default-values-with-coalesce-and-coalesce-zero" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Os valores por defeito com `` `` coalesce`` e coalesce_zero``<a class="headerlink" href="#default-values-with-coalesce-and-coalesce-zero" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Há momentos em que você precisa para puxar um valor de banco de dados, mas também precisa de valores padrão se o valor para um registro é definido como NULL. Em SQL existe uma função, `` COALESCE``, para isso. py4web tem um método <cite>coalesce`</cite> equivalente:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">define_table</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;sysuser&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Field</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;username&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">Field</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;fullname&#39;</span><span class="p">))</span>
 <span class="go">&lt;Table sysuser (id, username, fullname)&gt;</span>
@@ -2877,9 +2877,9 @@ <h3>Os valores por defeito com `` `` coalesce`` e coalesce_zero``<a class="heade
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="exporting-and-importing-data">
-<h2>Exportar e importar dados<a class="headerlink" href="#exporting-and-importing-data" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Exportar e importar dados<a class="headerlink" href="#exporting-and-importing-data" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <section id="csv-one-table-at-a-time">
-<h3>CSV (uma tabela de cada vez)<a class="headerlink" href="#csv-one-table-at-a-time" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>CSV (uma tabela de cada vez)<a class="headerlink" href="#csv-one-table-at-a-time" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Quando um objeto linhas é convertido para uma string é automaticamente serializado na CSV:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">rows</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">db</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">person</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">id</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">thing</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">owner_id</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">select</span><span class="p">()</span>
 <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">rows</span><span class="p">)</span>
@@ -2929,7 +2929,7 @@ <h3>CSV (uma tabela de cada vez)<a class="headerlink" href="#csv-one-table-at-a-
 records are appended and assigned new ids.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="csv-all-tables-at-once">
-<h3>CSV (todas as tabelas ao mesmo tempo)<a class="headerlink" href="#csv-all-tables-at-once" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>CSV (todas as tabelas ao mesmo tempo)<a class="headerlink" href="#csv-all-tables-at-once" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Em py4web, você pode backup / restaurar um banco de dados inteiro com dois comandos:</p>
 <p>Exportar:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">with</span> <span class="nb">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;somefile.csv&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;w&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">encoding</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;utf-8&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">newline</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">dumpfile</span><span class="p">:</span>
@@ -2956,7 +2956,7 @@ <h3>CSV (todas as tabelas ao mesmo tempo)<a class="headerlink" href="#csv-all-ta
 <p>Se uma tabela contém um campo chamado `` uuid``, este campo será utilizado para identificar duplicatas. Além disso, se um registro importado tem o mesmo `` uuid`` como um registro existente, o recorde anterior será atualizada.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="csv-and-remote-database-synchronization">
-<h3>CSV e sincronização de banco de dados remoto<a class="headerlink" href="#csv-and-remote-database-synchronization" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>CSV e sincronização de banco de dados remoto<a class="headerlink" href="#csv-and-remote-database-synchronization" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Considere mais uma vez o seguinte modelo:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">define_table</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;person&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
                 <span class="n">Field</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;name&#39;</span><span class="p">))</span>
@@ -3038,7 +3038,7 @@ <h3>CSV e sincronização de banco de dados remoto<a class="headerlink" href="#c
 <p>Se os registros referência a arquivos enviados, você também precisa exportar / importar o conteúdo da pasta uploads. Observe que os arquivos nele já são rotulados por UUIDs para que você não precisa se preocupar com conflitos de nomes e referências.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="html-and-xml-one-table-at-a-time">
-<h3>HTML e XML (uma tabela de cada vez)<a class="headerlink" href="#html-and-xml-one-table-at-a-time" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>HTML e XML (uma tabela de cada vez)<a class="headerlink" href="#html-and-xml-one-table-at-a-time" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Linhas objetos também têm um método <cite>xml`</cite> (como ajudantes) que serializa-lo para XML / HTML:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">rows</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">db</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">person</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">id</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">thing</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">owner_id</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">select</span><span class="p">()</span>
 <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">rows</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">xml</span><span class="p">())</span>
@@ -3089,7 +3089,7 @@ <h3>HTML e XML (uma tabela de cada vez)<a class="headerlink" href="#html-and-xml
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="data-representation">
-<h3>Representação de dados<a class="headerlink" href="#data-representation" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Representação de dados<a class="headerlink" href="#data-representation" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>O método <cite>Rows.export_to_csv_file`</cite> aceita um argumento de palavra-chave chamada` <cite>represent`</cite>. Quando `` True`` ele usará as colunas função `` represent`` ao exportar os dados, em vez dos dados brutos.</p>
 <p>A função também aceita um argumento de palavra-chave chamada `` colnames`` que deve conter uma lista de nomes de colunas um desejo para exportação. O padrão é todas as colunas.</p>
 <p>Ambos `` export_to_csv_file`` e `` import_from_csv_file`` aceitar argumentos de palavra-chave que contam o analisador CSV o formato para salvar / carregar os arquivos: - `` delimiter``: delimitador para separar valores (padrão “”) - `` quotechar <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">:</span> <span class="pre">personagem</span> <span class="pre">para</span> <span class="pre">usar</span> <span class="pre">para</span> <span class="pre">citar</span> <span class="pre">valores</span> <span class="pre">String</span> <span class="pre">(default</span> <span class="pre">para</span> <span class="pre">aspas)</span> <span class="pre">-</span> <span class="pre">``</span> <span class="pre">quoting</span></code>: sistema de cotação (padrão `` csv.QUOTE_MINIMAL``)</p>
@@ -3111,9 +3111,9 @@ <h3>Representação de dados<a class="headerlink" href="#data-representation" ti
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="advanced-features">
-<h2>Características avançadas<a class="headerlink" href="#advanced-features" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Características avançadas<a class="headerlink" href="#advanced-features" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <section id="list-type-and-contains">
-<span id="id1"></span><h3>`` Lista: &lt;type&gt; `` e `` contains``<a class="headerlink" href="#list-type-and-contains" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<span id="id1"></span><h3>`` Lista: &lt;type&gt; `` e `` contains``<a class="headerlink" href="#list-type-and-contains" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>py4web fornece os seguintes tipos de campos especiais:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">string</span>
 <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">integer</span>
@@ -3179,7 +3179,7 @@ <h2>Características avançadas<a class="headerlink" href="#advanced-features" t
 </div></blockquote>
 </section>
 <section id="table-inheritance">
-<h3>Herança de tabela<a class="headerlink" href="#table-inheritance" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Herança de tabela<a class="headerlink" href="#table-inheritance" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>É possível criar uma tabela que contém todos os campos de outra tabela. É suficiente para passar a outra tabela no lugar de um campo para `` define_table``. Por exemplo</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">define_table</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;person&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Field</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;name&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">Field</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;gender&#39;</span><span class="p">))</span>
 <span class="go">&lt;Table person (id, name, gender)&gt;</span>
@@ -3209,7 +3209,7 @@ <h3>Herança de tabela<a class="headerlink" href="#table-inheritance" title="Per
 <p>Ao usar herança de tabela, se você deseja que a tabela herdar a validadores herdar, certifique-se de definir os validadores de tabela pai antes de definir a tabela herdar.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="filter-in-and-filter-out">
-<span id="id2"></span><h3>`` `` Filter_in`` e filter_out``<a class="headerlink" href="#filter-in-and-filter-out" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<span id="id2"></span><h3>`` `` Filter_in`` e filter_out``<a class="headerlink" href="#filter-in-and-filter-out" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>É possível definir um filtro para cada campo a ser chamada antes de um valor é inserido na banco de dados para esse campo e depois de um valor é recuperado a partir da banco de dados.</p>
 <p>Imagine for example that you want to store a serializable Python data
 structure in a field in the JSON format. Here is how it could be
@@ -3232,7 +3232,7 @@ <h3>Herança de tabela<a class="headerlink" href="#table-inheritance" title="Per
 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLCustomType</span></code>, as discussed in <a class="reference internal" href="#custom-field-types"><span class="std std-ref">Personalizados `` tipos Field``</span></a>.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="callbacks-on-record-insert-delete-and-update">
-<h3>retornos de chamada no registro de inserção, exclusão e atualização<a class="headerlink" href="#callbacks-on-record-insert-delete-and-update" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>retornos de chamada no registro de inserção, exclusão e atualização<a class="headerlink" href="#callbacks-on-record-insert-delete-and-update" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>PY4WEB fornece um mecanismo para registrar retornos de chamada para ser chamado antes e / ou após a inserção, atualização e exclusão de registros.</p>
 <p>Cada tabela armazena seis listas de chamadas de retorno:</p>
 <div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>db.mytable._before_insert
@@ -3275,7 +3275,7 @@ <h3>retornos de chamada no registro de inserção, exclusão e atualização<a c
 <p>Algumas vezes uma chamada de retorno pode precisar executar uma atualização na mesma ou em uma tabela diferente e se quer evitar disparar outras chamadas de retorno, o que poderia causar um loop infinito.</p>
 <p>Para este efeito, há os objetos `` Set`` tem um método <cite>update_naive`</cite> que funciona como` <cite>update`</cite> mas ignora antes e depois de retornos de chamada.</p>
 <section id="database-cascades">
-<h4>Cascades no banco de dados<a class="headerlink" href="#database-cascades" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4>Cascades no banco de dados<a class="headerlink" href="#database-cascades" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>Database schema can define relationships which trigger deletions of
 related records, known as cascading. The DAL is not informed when a
 record is deleted due to a cascade. So no *_delete callback will ever
@@ -3283,7 +3283,7 @@ <h4>Cascades no banco de dados<a class="headerlink" href="#database-cascades" ti
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="record-versioning">
-<h3>versionamento recorde<a class="headerlink" href="#record-versioning" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>versionamento recorde<a class="headerlink" href="#record-versioning" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>É possível pedir py4web para salvar cada cópia de um registro quando o registro é modificado individualmente. Existem diferentes maneiras de fazer isso e que pode ser feito para todas as tabelas ao mesmo tempo usando a sintaxe:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">auth</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">enable_record_versioning</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="p">)</span>
 </pre></div>
@@ -3314,7 +3314,7 @@ <h3>versionamento recorde<a class="headerlink" href="#record-versioning" title="
 <p>Quando os registros são excluídos, eles não são realmente excluídos. Um registro excluído é copiado na tabela `` stored_item_archive`` (como quando ele é modificado) e do campo `` is_active`` é definido como False. Ao permitir gravar versões conjuntos py4web um `` common_filter`` nesta tabela que esconde todos os registros na tabela `` stored_item`` onde o campo `` is_active`` é definida como falsa. O parâmetro `` is_active`` no método <cite>_enable_record_versioning`</cite> permite especificar o nome do campo usado pelo` <cite>common_filter`</cite> para determinar se o campo foi excluído ou não.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="common-filters">
-<h3>filtros comuns<a class="headerlink" href="#common-filters" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>filtros comuns<a class="headerlink" href="#common-filters" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Um filtro comum é uma generalização da ideia multi-tenancy acima. Ele fornece uma maneira fácil de evitar a repetição da mesma consulta. Considere, por exemplo, a tabela a seguir:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">define_table</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;blog_post&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
                 <span class="n">Field</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;subject&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span>
@@ -3341,7 +3341,7 @@ <h3>filtros comuns<a class="headerlink" href="#common-filters" title="Permalink
 </div></blockquote>
 </section>
 <section id="custom-field-types">
-<span id="id3"></span><h3>Personalizados `` tipos Field``<a class="headerlink" href="#custom-field-types" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<span id="id3"></span><h3>Personalizados `` tipos Field``<a class="headerlink" href="#custom-field-types" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Além de usar o `` filter_in`` e `` filter_out``, é possível definir novos tipos de campos / personalizados. Por exemplo, suponha que você deseja definir um tipo personalizado para armazenar um endereço IP:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">ip2int</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sv</span><span class="p">):</span>
 <span class="gp">... </span>    <span class="s2">&quot;Convert an IPV4 to an integer.&quot;</span>
@@ -3391,7 +3391,7 @@ <h3>filtros comuns<a class="headerlink" href="#common-filters" title="Permalink
 <p>Ele não funciona no Google App Engine NoSQL.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="using-dal-without-define-tables">
-<h3>Usando DAL sem definir tabelas<a class="headerlink" href="#using-dal-without-define-tables" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Usando DAL sem definir tabelas<a class="headerlink" href="#using-dal-without-define-tables" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>A DAL pode ser usado a partir de qualquer programa Python simplesmente fazendo isso:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">pydal</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">DAL</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Field</span>
 <span class="n">db</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">DAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;sqlite://storage.sqlite&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">folder</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;path/to/app/databases&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
@@ -3407,7 +3407,7 @@ <h3>Usando DAL sem definir tabelas<a class="headerlink" href="#using-dal-without
 <p>Isso nos permite acessar qualquer db.table sem necessidade de re definir-lo.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="distributed-transaction">
-<h3>Transação distribuída<a class="headerlink" href="#distributed-transaction" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Transação distribuída<a class="headerlink" href="#distributed-transaction" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <blockquote>
 <div><p>No momento da escrita deste recurso só é suportado pelo PostgreSQL, MySQL e Firebird, uma vez que expõem API para commits de duas fases.</p>
 </div></blockquote>
@@ -3424,7 +3424,7 @@ <h3>Transação distribuída<a class="headerlink" href="#distributed-transaction
 <p>Em controladores, quando uma ação retornos, se você tiver duas ligações distintas e você não chamar a função acima, py4web compromete-los separadamente. Isto significa que há uma possibilidade de que um dos commits sucede e uma falha. A transação distribuída impede que isso aconteça.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="copy-data-from-one-db-into-another">
-<h3>Copiar dados de um para outro db<a class="headerlink" href="#copy-data-from-one-db-into-another" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Copiar dados de um para outro db<a class="headerlink" href="#copy-data-from-one-db-into-another" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Considere a situação em que você estiver usando o seguinte banco de dados:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">db</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">DAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;sqlite://storage.sqlite&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
 </pre></div>
@@ -3437,9 +3437,9 @@ <h3>Copiar dados de um para outro db<a class="headerlink" href="#copy-data-from-
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="gotchas">
-<h2>Pegadinhas<a class="headerlink" href="#gotchas" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Pegadinhas<a class="headerlink" href="#gotchas" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <section id="note-on-new-dal-and-adapters">
-<h3>Nota sobre novo DAL e adaptadores<a class="headerlink" href="#note-on-new-dal-and-adapters" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Nota sobre novo DAL e adaptadores<a class="headerlink" href="#note-on-new-dal-and-adapters" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>O código fonte do Banco de Dados Camada de Abstração foi completamente reescrito em 2010. Enquanto ele permanece compatível com versões anteriores, a reescrita tornou mais modular e mais fácil de estender. Aqui nós explicamos a lógica principal.</p>
 <p>The module “dal.py” defines, among other, the following classes.</p>
 <div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>ConnectionPool
@@ -3704,7 +3704,7 @@ <h3>Nota sobre novo DAL e adaptadores<a class="headerlink" href="#note-on-new-da
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="sqlite">
-<h3>SQLite<a class="headerlink" href="#sqlite" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>SQLite<a class="headerlink" href="#sqlite" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>SQLite does not support dropping and altering columns. That means that
 py4web migrations will work up to a point. If you delete a field from a
 table, the column will remain in the database but will be invisible to
@@ -3719,7 +3719,7 @@ <h3>SQLite<a class="headerlink" href="#sqlite" title="Permalink to this heading"
 <p>SQLite não tem um tipo booleano. py4web mapeia internamente booleans para uma strings de 1 carácter, com ‘T’ e ‘F’ representar Verdadeiro e Falso. A DAL lida com isso completamente; a abstração de um verdadeiro valor booleano funciona bem. Mas se você estiver atualizando a tabela SQLite com o SQL diretamente, estar ciente da implementação py4web, e evitar o uso de 0 e 1 valores.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="mysql">
-<h3>MySQL<a class="headerlink" href="#mysql" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>MySQL<a class="headerlink" href="#mysql" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>MySQL does not support multiple ALTER TABLE within a single transaction.
 This means that any migration process is broken into multiple commits.
 If something happens that causes a failure it is possible to break a
@@ -3732,7 +3732,7 @@ <h3>MySQL<a class="headerlink" href="#mysql" title="Permalink to this heading">
 again).</p>
 </section>
 <section id="google-sql">
-<h3>Google SQL<a class="headerlink" href="#google-sql" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Google SQL<a class="headerlink" href="#google-sql" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Google SQL has the same problems as MySQL and more. In particular table
 metadata itself must be stored in the database in a table that is not
 migrated by py4web. This is because Google App Engine has a read-only
@@ -3745,7 +3745,7 @@ <h3>Google SQL<a class="headerlink" href="#google-sql" title="Permalink to this
 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">py4web_filesystem</span></code>.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="mssql-microsoft-sql-server">
-<h3>MSSQL (Microsoft SQL Server)<a class="headerlink" href="#mssql-microsoft-sql-server" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>MSSQL (Microsoft SQL Server)<a class="headerlink" href="#mssql-microsoft-sql-server" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>não MSSQL &lt;2012 não suporta o SQL OFFSET palavra-chave. Portanto, o banco de dados não pode fazer a paginação. Ao fazer um `` limitby = (a, b) `` py4web vai buscar a primeira `` a + b`` linhas e descartar o primeiro `` a``. Isto pode resultar numa sobrecarga considerável quando comparado com outros bancos de dados. Se você estiver usando MSSQL&gt; = 2005, o prefixo recomendado para uso é `` mssql3: // `` que fornece um método para evitar o problema de buscar todo o conjunto de resultados não-paginado. Se você estiver em MSSQL&gt; = 2012, use `` mssql4: // `` que usa o `` OFFSET … ROWS … FETCH PRÓXIMO … ROWS ONLY`` construção para apoiar a paginação nativamente, sem sucessos de desempenho como outros backends. O `` mssql: // `` uri também reforça (por razões históricas) o uso de `` colunas text``, que são superseeded em versões mais recentes (a partir de 2005) por `` varchar (max) <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.</span> <span class="pre">``</span> <span class="pre">Mssql3:</span> <span class="pre">//</span> <span class="pre">``</span> <span class="pre">e</span> <span class="pre">``</span> <span class="pre">mssql4:</span> <span class="pre">//</span> <span class="pre">``</span> <span class="pre">deve</span> <span class="pre">ser</span> <span class="pre">usado</span> <span class="pre">se</span> <span class="pre">você</span> <span class="pre">não</span> <span class="pre">quer</span> <span class="pre">enfrentar</span> <span class="pre">algumas</span> <span class="pre">limitações</span> <span class="pre">do</span> <span class="pre">-</span> <span class="pre">oficialmente</span> <span class="pre">obsoleto</span> <span class="pre">-</span> <span class="pre">``</span> <span class="pre">colunas</span> <span class="pre">text</span></code>.</p>
 <p>MSSQL tem problemas com referências circulares em tabelas que têm onDelete CASCADE. Este é um bug MSSQL e você trabalhar em torno dele, definindo o atributo onDelete para todos os campos de referência a “nenhuma acção”. Você também pode fazê-lo uma vez por todas, antes de definir tabelas:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">db</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">DAL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;mssql://....&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
@@ -3764,11 +3764,11 @@ <h3>MSSQL (Microsoft SQL Server)<a class="headerlink" href="#mssql-microsoft-sql
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="oracle">
-<h3>Oráculo<a class="headerlink" href="#oracle" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Oráculo<a class="headerlink" href="#oracle" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>A Oracle também não suporta a paginação. Ele não suporta nem a OFFSET nem as palavras-chave limite. PY4WEB alcança a paginação, traduzindo um `` db (…). Select (limitby = (a, b)) `` em um complexo de três vias SELECT aninhada (como sugerido por documentação oficial Oracle). Isso funciona para simples escolha, mas pode quebrar para seleciona complexos envolvendo campos e ou junta alias.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="google-nosql-datastore">
-<h3>Google NoSQL (Datastore)<a class="headerlink" href="#google-nosql-datastore" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Google NoSQL (Datastore)<a class="headerlink" href="#google-nosql-datastore" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Google NoSQL (Datastore) não permite que se junta, deixou junta, agregados, expressão ou envolvendo mais de uma tabela, o ‘como’ pesquisas operador em campos “texto”.</p>
 <p>As transações são limitados e não fornecida automaticamente pelo py4web (você precisa usar a API do Google `` run_in_transaction`` que você pode procurar na documentação do Google App Engine online).</p>
 <p>O Google também limita o número de registros que você pode recuperar em cada uma consulta (1000, no momento da escrita). No Google armazenamento de dados IDs de registro são inteiro, mas eles não são seqüenciais. Enquanto em SQL “lista: string” tipo é mapeado em um tipo de “texto”, no Google Datastore é mapeado em um `` ListStringProperty``. Da mesma forma “lista: número inteiro” e “lista: referência” são mapeados para `` ListProperty``. Isso faz buscas por conteúdo dentro desses campos tipos mais eficientes no Google NoSQL que em bancos de dados SQL.</p>
@@ -3812,7 +3812,7 @@ <h3>Google NoSQL (Datastore)<a class="headerlink" href="#google-nosql-datastore"
      <label for="switch"></label>
      </span>
       
-      v: 1.20230507.1
+      v: 1.20230718.1
       <span class="fa fa-caret-down"></span>
     </span>
     <div class="rst-other-versions">
diff --git a/apps/_documentation/static/pt/chapter-08.html b/apps/_documentation/static/pt/chapter-08.html
index 2ffa46285..f5c4fa098 100644
--- a/apps/_documentation/static/pt/chapter-08.html
+++ b/apps/_documentation/static/pt/chapter-08.html
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html class="writer-html5" lang="pt" >
 <head>
-  <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.19: https://docutils.sourceforge.io/" />
+  <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.18.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" />
 
   <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
-  <title>The RestAPI &mdash; Documentação py4web 1.20230507.1</title>
+  <title>The RestAPI &mdash; Documentação py4web 1.20230718.1</title>
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" />
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/css/theme.css" type="text/css" />
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/tabs.css" type="text/css" />
@@ -14,13 +14,13 @@
     <script src="_static/js/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
   <![endif]-->
   
-        <script src="_static/jquery.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js"></script>
-        <script data-url_root="./" id="documentation_options" src="_static/documentation_options.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/doctools.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/translations.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/js/toggle.js"></script>
+        <script src="_static/jquery.js?v=5d32c60e"></script>
+        <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js?v=2cd50e6c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/documentation_options.js?v=058a9de4"></script>
+        <script src="_static/doctools.js?v=888ff710"></script>
+        <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js?v=dc90522c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/translations.js?v=3b002d5c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/js/toggle.js?v=e1b5a5a1"></script>
     <script src="_static/js/theme.js"></script>
     <link rel="index" title="Índice" href="genindex.html" />
     <link rel="search" title="Pesquisar" href="search.html" />
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
               <img src="_static/logo.png" class="logo" alt="Logo"/>
           </a>
               <div class="version">
-                1.20230507.1
+                1.20230718.1
               </div>
 <div role="search">
   <form id="rtd-search-form" class="wy-form" action="search.html" method="get">
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@
            <div itemprop="articleBody">
              
   <section id="the-restapi">
-<h1>The RestAPI<a class="headerlink" href="#the-restapi" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h1>
+<h1>The RestAPI<a class="headerlink" href="#the-restapi" title="Link to this heading"></a></h1>
 <p>Since version 19.5.10 pyDAL includes a restful API <a class="reference internal" href="#cit0801" id="id1"><span>[CIT0801]</span></a> called RestAPI. It is
 inspired by GraphQL <a class="reference internal" href="#cit0802" id="id2"><span>[CIT0802]</span></a> and while it’s not quite the same due to it being less
 powerful, it is in the spirit of py4web since it’s more practical and easier to use.</p>
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ <h1>The RestAPI<a class="headerlink" href="#the-restapi" title="Permalink to thi
 </pre></div>
 </div>
 <section id="restapi-policies-and-actions">
-<h2>RestAPI policies and actions<a class="headerlink" href="#restapi-policies-and-actions" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>RestAPI policies and actions<a class="headerlink" href="#restapi-policies-and-actions" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>The policy is per table (or * for all tables) and per method. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">authorize</span></code>
 can be True (allow), False (deny) or a function with the signature
 (method, tablename, record_id, get_vars, post_vars) which returns
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ <h2>RestAPI policies and actions<a class="headerlink" href="#restapi-policies-an
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="restapi-get">
-<h2>RestAPI GET<a class="headerlink" href="#restapi-get" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>RestAPI GET<a class="headerlink" href="#restapi-get" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>A consulta geral tem a forma `` {} algo .eq = value`` onde `` eq = `` significa “igual”, `` gt = `` significa “maior que”, etc. A expressão pode ser prefixado por `` not.``.</p>
 <p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">{something}</span></code> can be:</p>
 <ul>
@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ <h2>RestAPI GET<a class="headerlink" href="#restapi-get" title="Permalink to thi
 model. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&#64;lookup</span></code> denormalizes the linked field.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="restapi-practical-examples">
-<h2>RestAPI practical examples<a class="headerlink" href="#restapi-practical-examples" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>RestAPI practical examples<a class="headerlink" href="#restapi-practical-examples" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>Aqui estão alguns exemplos práticos:</p>
 <p>URL:</p>
 <div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>/superheroes/api/superhero
@@ -1084,7 +1084,7 @@ <h2>RestAPI practical examples<a class="headerlink" href="#restapi-practical-exa
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="the-restapi-response">
-<h2>The RestAPI response<a class="headerlink" href="#the-restapi-response" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>The RestAPI response<a class="headerlink" href="#the-restapi-response" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>All RestAPI response have the fields:</p>
 <dl class="field-list simple">
 <dt class="field-odd">api_version<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
@@ -1167,7 +1167,7 @@ <h2>The RestAPI response<a class="headerlink" href="#the-restapi-response" title
      <label for="switch"></label>
      </span>
       
-      v: 1.20230507.1
+      v: 1.20230718.1
       <span class="fa fa-caret-down"></span>
     </span>
     <div class="rst-other-versions">
diff --git a/apps/_documentation/static/pt/chapter-09.html b/apps/_documentation/static/pt/chapter-09.html
index 68cc6b56a..f56c9383d 100644
--- a/apps/_documentation/static/pt/chapter-09.html
+++ b/apps/_documentation/static/pt/chapter-09.html
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html class="writer-html5" lang="pt" >
 <head>
-  <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.19: https://docutils.sourceforge.io/" />
+  <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.18.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" />
 
   <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
-  <title>Linguagem de template YATL &mdash; Documentação py4web 1.20230507.1</title>
+  <title>Linguagem de template YATL &mdash; Documentação py4web 1.20230718.1</title>
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" />
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/css/theme.css" type="text/css" />
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/tabs.css" type="text/css" />
@@ -14,13 +14,13 @@
     <script src="_static/js/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
   <![endif]-->
   
-        <script src="_static/jquery.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js"></script>
-        <script data-url_root="./" id="documentation_options" src="_static/documentation_options.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/doctools.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/translations.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/js/toggle.js"></script>
+        <script src="_static/jquery.js?v=5d32c60e"></script>
+        <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js?v=2cd50e6c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/documentation_options.js?v=058a9de4"></script>
+        <script src="_static/doctools.js?v=888ff710"></script>
+        <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js?v=dc90522c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/translations.js?v=3b002d5c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/js/toggle.js?v=e1b5a5a1"></script>
     <script src="_static/js/theme.js"></script>
     <link rel="index" title="Índice" href="genindex.html" />
     <link rel="search" title="Pesquisar" href="search.html" />
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
               <img src="_static/logo.png" class="logo" alt="Logo"/>
           </a>
               <div class="version">
-                1.20230507.1
+                1.20230718.1
               </div>
 <div role="search">
   <form id="rtd-search-form" class="wy-form" action="search.html" method="get">
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@
            <div itemprop="articleBody">
              
   <section id="yatl-template-language">
-<h1>Linguagem de template YATL<a class="headerlink" href="#yatl-template-language" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h1>
+<h1>Linguagem de template YATL<a class="headerlink" href="#yatl-template-language" title="Link to this heading"></a></h1>
 <p>py4web uses two distinct template languages for rendering dynamic HTML pages that contain Python code:</p>
 <ul class="simple">
 <li><p><a class="reference external" href="https://pypi.org/project/yatl/">yatl (Yet Another Template Language)</a> , which is considered the original reference implementation</p></li>
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ <h1>Linguagem de template YATL<a class="headerlink" href="#yatl-template-languag
 method explicitly.</p>
 </div>
 <section id="basic-syntax">
-<h2>Sintaxe básica<a class="headerlink" href="#basic-syntax" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Sintaxe básica<a class="headerlink" href="#basic-syntax" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>The py4web template language supports all Python control structures.
 Here we provide some examples of each of them. They can be nested
 according to usual programming practice.
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ <h2>Sintaxe básica<a class="headerlink" href="#basic-syntax" title="Permalink t
 <a class="reference internal" href="chapter-05.html#copying-the-scaffold-app"><span class="std std-ref">Copying the _scaffold app</span></a>) and then editing the file
 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">new_app/template/index.html</span></code>.</p>
 <section id="for-in">
-<h3>`` Para … in``<a class="headerlink" href="#for-in" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>`` Para … in``<a class="headerlink" href="#for-in" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Em templates você pode fazer um loop sobre qualquer objeto iterável:</p>
 <div class="highlight-html notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>[[items = [&#39;a&#39;, &#39;b&#39;, &#39;c&#39;] ]]
 <span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">ul</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ <h3>`` Para … in``<a class="headerlink" href="#for-in" title="Permalink to thi
 <p>Aqui `` items`` é qualquer objeto iterável como uma lista Python, Python tupla, ou linhas objeto, ou qualquer objeto que é implementado como um iterador. Os elementos apresentados são primeiro serializado e escapou.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="while">
-<h3>`` While``<a class="headerlink" href="#while" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>`` While``<a class="headerlink" href="#while" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Você pode criar um loop usando a palavra-chave, enquanto:</p>
 <div class="highlight-html notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>[[k = 3]]
 <span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">ul</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
@@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ <h3>`` While``<a class="headerlink" href="#while" title="Permalink to this headi
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="if-elif-else">
-<h3>`` If … elif … else``<a class="headerlink" href="#if-elif-else" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>`` If … elif … else``<a class="headerlink" href="#if-elif-else" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Você pode usar cláusulas condicionais:</p>
 <div class="highlight-html notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>[[
 import random
@@ -301,7 +301,7 @@ <h3>`` If … elif … else``<a class="headerlink" href="#if-elif-else" title="P
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="try-except-else-finally">
-<h3>`` Tentar … exceto … else … finally``<a class="headerlink" href="#try-except-else-finally" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>`` Tentar … exceto … else … finally``<a class="headerlink" href="#try-except-else-finally" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>It is also possible to use <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">try...except</span></code> statements in templates with one
 caveat. Consider the following example:</p>
 <div class="highlight-html notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>[[try:]]
@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ <h3>`` Tentar … exceto … else … finally``<a class="headerlink" href="#try-
 <p>Este exemplo ilustra que todas as saídas gerado antes de ocorrer uma exceção é processado (incluindo a saída que precedeu a excepção) no interior do bloco de teste. “Olá” é escrito porque precede a exceção.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="def-return">
-<h3>`` Def … return``<a class="headerlink" href="#def-return" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>`` Def … return``<a class="headerlink" href="#def-return" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>O linguagem de template py4web permite ao desenvolvedor definir e implementar funções que podem retornar qualquer objeto Python ou uma cadeia de texto / html. Aqui, consideramos dois exemplos:</p>
 <div class="highlight-html notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>[[def itemize1(link): return LI(A(link, _href=&quot;http://&quot; + link))]]
 <span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">ul</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
@@ -353,13 +353,13 @@ <h3>`` Def … return``<a class="headerlink" href="#def-return" title="Permalink
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="information-workflow">
-<h2>Information workflow<a class="headerlink" href="#information-workflow" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Information workflow<a class="headerlink" href="#information-workflow" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>For dynamically modifying the workflow of the information there are custom commands available:
 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">extend</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">include</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">block</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">super</span></code>. Note that they are special template
 directives, not Python commands.</p>
 <p>In addition, you can use normal Python functions inside templates.</p>
 <section id="extend-and-include">
-<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">extend</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">include</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#extend-and-include" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">extend</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">include</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#extend-and-include" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Templates can extend and include other templates in a tree-like structure.</p>
 <p>For example, we can think of a template “index.html” that extends
 “layout.html” and includes “body.html”. At the same time, “layout.html”
@@ -433,7 +433,7 @@ <h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">extend</span></
 but in all of its extended and included templates as well.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="extending-using-variables">
-<h3>Extending using variables<a class="headerlink" href="#extending-using-variables" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Extending using variables<a class="headerlink" href="#extending-using-variables" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>The argument of an <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">extend</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">include</span></code> (i.e., the extended or
 included template name) can be a Python variable (though not a Python
 expression). However, this imposes a limitation – templates that use
@@ -468,7 +468,7 @@ <h3>Extending using variables<a class="headerlink" href="#extending-using-variab
 application easier to write and maintain.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="template-functions">
-<h3>Template Functions<a class="headerlink" href="#template-functions" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Template Functions<a class="headerlink" href="#template-functions" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Consider this “layout.html”:</p>
 <div class="highlight-html notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="cm">&lt;!--layout.html--&gt;</span>
 <span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">html</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
@@ -514,7 +514,7 @@ <h3>Template Functions<a class="headerlink" href="#template-functions" title="Pe
 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">[[=mysidebar()]]</span></code>. Functions defined in this way can take arguments.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="block-and-super">
-<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">block</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">super</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#block-and-super" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">block</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">super</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#block-and-super" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>The main way to make a template more modular is by using
 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">[[block</span> <span class="pre">...]]</span></code>s and this mechanism is an alternative to the
 mechanism discussed in the previous section.</p>
@@ -594,9 +594,9 @@ <h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">block</span></c
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="page-layout-standard-structure">
-<h2>Page layout standard structure<a class="headerlink" href="#page-layout-standard-structure" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Page layout standard structure<a class="headerlink" href="#page-layout-standard-structure" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <section id="default-page-layout">
-<h3>Default page layout<a class="headerlink" href="#default-page-layout" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Default page layout<a class="headerlink" href="#default-page-layout" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>The “templates/layout.html” that currently ships with the py4web <strong>_scaffold</strong>
 application is quite complex but it has the following structure:</p>
 <div class="highlight-html notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="linenos"> 1</span> <span class="cp">&lt;!DOCTYPE html&gt;</span>
@@ -688,7 +688,7 @@ <h3>Default page layout<a class="headerlink" href="#default-page-layout" title="
 the stylesheet with your own.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="mobile-development">
-<h3>Mobile development<a class="headerlink" href="#mobile-development" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Mobile development<a class="headerlink" href="#mobile-development" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Although the default layout.html is designed to be mobile-friendly, one
 may sometimes need to use different templates when a page is visited by a
 mobile device.</p>
@@ -732,7 +732,7 @@ <h3>Mobile development<a class="headerlink" href="#mobile-development" title="Pe
      <label for="switch"></label>
      </span>
       
-      v: 1.20230507.1
+      v: 1.20230718.1
       <span class="fa fa-caret-down"></span>
     </span>
     <div class="rst-other-versions">
diff --git a/apps/_documentation/static/pt/chapter-10.html b/apps/_documentation/static/pt/chapter-10.html
index eda2733b6..da81ab31a 100644
--- a/apps/_documentation/static/pt/chapter-10.html
+++ b/apps/_documentation/static/pt/chapter-10.html
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html class="writer-html5" lang="pt" >
 <head>
-  <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.19: https://docutils.sourceforge.io/" />
+  <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.18.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" />
 
   <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
-  <title>Helpers YATL &mdash; Documentação py4web 1.20230507.1</title>
+  <title>Helpers YATL &mdash; Documentação py4web 1.20230718.1</title>
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" />
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/css/theme.css" type="text/css" />
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/tabs.css" type="text/css" />
@@ -14,13 +14,13 @@
     <script src="_static/js/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
   <![endif]-->
   
-        <script src="_static/jquery.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js"></script>
-        <script data-url_root="./" id="documentation_options" src="_static/documentation_options.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/doctools.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/translations.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/js/toggle.js"></script>
+        <script src="_static/jquery.js?v=5d32c60e"></script>
+        <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js?v=2cd50e6c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/documentation_options.js?v=058a9de4"></script>
+        <script src="_static/doctools.js?v=888ff710"></script>
+        <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js?v=dc90522c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/translations.js?v=3b002d5c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/js/toggle.js?v=e1b5a5a1"></script>
     <script src="_static/js/theme.js"></script>
     <link rel="index" title="Índice" href="genindex.html" />
     <link rel="search" title="Pesquisar" href="search.html" />
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
               <img src="_static/logo.png" class="logo" alt="Logo"/>
           </a>
               <div class="version">
-                1.20230507.1
+                1.20230718.1
               </div>
 <div role="search">
   <form id="rtd-search-form" class="wy-form" action="search.html" method="get">
@@ -145,9 +145,9 @@
            <div itemprop="articleBody">
              
   <section id="yatl-helpers">
-<h1>Helpers YATL<a class="headerlink" href="#yatl-helpers" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h1>
+<h1>Helpers YATL<a class="headerlink" href="#yatl-helpers" title="Link to this heading"></a></h1>
 <section id="helpers-overview">
-<h2>Helpers overview<a class="headerlink" href="#helpers-overview" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Helpers overview<a class="headerlink" href="#helpers-overview" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>Consider the following code in a template:</p>
 <div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>[[=DIV(&#39;this&#39;, &#39;is&#39;, &#39;a&#39;, &#39;test&#39;, _id=&#39;123&#39;, _class=&#39;myclass&#39;)]]
 </pre></div>
@@ -257,9 +257,9 @@ <h2>Helpers overview<a class="headerlink" href="#helpers-overview" title="Permal
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="built-in-helpers">
-<h2>Built-in helpers<a class="headerlink" href="#built-in-helpers" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Built-in helpers<a class="headerlink" href="#built-in-helpers" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <section id="xml">
-<span id="id1"></span><h3>`` XML``<a class="headerlink" href="#xml" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<span id="id1"></span><h3>`` XML``<a class="headerlink" href="#xml" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">XML</span></code> is an helper object used to encapsulate text that should <strong>not</strong> be
 escaped. The text may or may not contain valid XML; for example it
 could contain JavaScript.</p>
@@ -301,7 +301,7 @@ <h2>Built-in helpers<a class="headerlink" href="#built-in-helpers" title="Permal
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="a">
-<h3>`` A``<a class="headerlink" href="#a" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>`` A``<a class="headerlink" href="#a" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Este assistente é usado para construir ligações.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">A</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;click&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">XML</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;strong&gt;me&lt;/strong&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span>
 <span class="go">            _href=&#39;http://www.py4web.com&#39;))</span>
@@ -310,7 +310,7 @@ <h3>`` A``<a class="headerlink" href="#a" title="Permalink to this heading"><
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="body">
-<h3>`` BODY``<a class="headerlink" href="#body" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>`` BODY``<a class="headerlink" href="#body" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Este assistente faz com que o corpo de uma página.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">BODY</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;hello&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">XML</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;strong&gt;world&lt;/strong&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">_bgcolor</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;red&#39;</span><span class="p">))</span>
 <span class="go">&lt;body bgcolor=&quot;red&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;hello&amp;gt;&lt;strong&gt;world&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/body&gt;</span>
@@ -318,7 +318,7 @@ <h3>`` BODY``<a class="headerlink" href="#body" title="Permalink to this heading
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="cat">
-<h3>`` CAT``<a class="headerlink" href="#cat" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>`` CAT``<a class="headerlink" href="#cat" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>This helper concatenates other helpers.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">CAT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Here is a &#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">A</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;link&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_href</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;target&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="s1">&#39;, and here is some &#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">STRONG</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;bold text&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="s1">&#39;.&#39;</span><span class="p">))</span>
 <span class="go">Here is a &lt;a href=&quot;target&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt;, and here is some &lt;strong&gt;bold text&lt;/strong&gt;.</span>
@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ <h3>`` CAT``<a class="headerlink" href="#cat" title="Permalink to this heading">
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="div">
-<h3>`` Div``<a class="headerlink" href="#div" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>`` Div``<a class="headerlink" href="#div" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>This is the content division element.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">DIV</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;hello&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">XML</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;strong&gt;world&lt;/strong&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">_class</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;test&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">))</span>
 <span class="go">&lt;div id=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;test&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;hello&amp;gt;&lt;strong&gt;world&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</span>
@@ -334,7 +334,7 @@ <h3>`` Div``<a class="headerlink" href="#div" title="Permalink to this heading">
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="em">
-<h3>`` EM``<a class="headerlink" href="#em" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>`` EM``<a class="headerlink" href="#em" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Insiste no seu conteúdo.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">EM</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;hello&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">XML</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;strong&gt;world&lt;/strong&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">_class</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;test&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">))</span>
 <span class="go">&lt;em id=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;test&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;hello&amp;gt;&lt;strong&gt;world&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;</span>
@@ -342,7 +342,7 @@ <h3>`` EM``<a class="headerlink" href="#em" title="Permalink to this heading">
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="form">
-<h3>`` Form``<a class="headerlink" href="#form" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>`` Form``<a class="headerlink" href="#form" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Use this helper to make a FORM for user input. Forms will be later discussed
 in detail in the dedicated <a class="reference internal" href="chapter-12.html#forms"><span class="std std-ref">Forumlários</span></a> chapter.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">FORM</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">INPUT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">_type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;submit&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">_action</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_method</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;post&#39;</span><span class="p">))</span>
@@ -351,7 +351,7 @@ <h3>`` Form``<a class="headerlink" href="#form" title="Permalink to this heading
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-h6">
-<h3>`` H1``, `` h2``, `` H3``, `` H4``, `` H5``, `` H6``<a class="headerlink" href="#h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-h6" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>`` H1``, `` h2``, `` H3``, `` H4``, `` H5``, `` H6``<a class="headerlink" href="#h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-h6" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>These helpers are for paragraph headings and subheadings.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">H1</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;hello&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">XML</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;strong&gt;world&lt;/strong&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">_class</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;test&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">))</span>
 <span class="go">&lt;h1 id=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;test&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;hello&amp;gt;&lt;strong&gt;world&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;</span>
@@ -359,7 +359,7 @@ <h3>`` H1``, `` h2``, `` H3``, `` H4``, `` H5``, `` H6``<a class="headerlink" hr
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="head">
-<h3>`` HEAD``<a class="headerlink" href="#head" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>`` HEAD``<a class="headerlink" href="#head" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Para marcar a cabeça de uma página HTML.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">HEAD</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">TITLE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;hello&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">XML</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;strong&gt;world&lt;/strong&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">))))</span>
 <span class="go">&lt;head&gt;&lt;title&gt;&amp;lt;hello&amp;gt;&lt;strong&gt;world&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/title&gt;&lt;/head&gt;</span>
@@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ <h3>`` HEAD``<a class="headerlink" href="#head" title="Permalink to this heading
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="html">
-<h3>`` HTML``<a class="headerlink" href="#html" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>`` HTML``<a class="headerlink" href="#html" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>For tagging an HTML page.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">HTML</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">BODY</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;hello&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">XML</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;strong&gt;world&lt;/strong&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">))))</span>
 <span class="go">&lt;html&gt;&lt;body&gt;&amp;lt;hello&amp;gt;&lt;strong&gt;world&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/body&gt;&lt;/html&gt;</span>
@@ -375,7 +375,7 @@ <h3>`` HTML``<a class="headerlink" href="#html" title="Permalink to this heading
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="i">
-<h3>`` I``<a class="headerlink" href="#i" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>`` I``<a class="headerlink" href="#i" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Este assistente torna o seu conteúdo em itálico.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">I</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;hello&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">XML</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;strong&gt;world&lt;/strong&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">_class</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;test&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">))</span>
 <span class="go">&lt;i id=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;test&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;hello&amp;gt;&lt;strong&gt;world&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/i&gt;</span>
@@ -383,7 +383,7 @@ <h3>`` I``<a class="headerlink" href="#i" title="Permalink to this heading"><
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="img">
-<h3>`` IMG``<a class="headerlink" href="#img" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>`` IMG``<a class="headerlink" href="#img" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>It can be used to embed images into HTML.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">IMG</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">_src</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;http://example.com/image.png&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_alt</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;test&#39;</span><span class="p">))</span>
 <span class="go">&lt;img alt=&quot;test&quot; src=&quot;http://example.com/image.png&quot;/&gt;</span>
@@ -397,7 +397,7 @@ <h3>`` IMG``<a class="headerlink" href="#img" title="Permalink to this heading">
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="input">
-<h3>`` INPUT``<a class="headerlink" href="#input" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>`` INPUT``<a class="headerlink" href="#input" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Cria um `` &lt;input … /&gt; `` tag. Uma tag de entrada não pode conter outras tags, e é fechada por `` /&gt; `` em vez de <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&gt;</span> <span class="pre">``.</span> <span class="pre">A</span> <span class="pre">tag</span> <span class="pre">de</span> <span class="pre">entrada</span> <span class="pre">tem</span> <span class="pre">um</span> <span class="pre">atributo</span> <span class="pre">opcional</span> <span class="pre">``</span> <span class="pre">_type</span></code> que pode ser definido como “texto” (o padrão), “enviar”, “caixa”, ou “rádio”.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">INPUT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">_name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;test&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_value</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;a&#39;</span><span class="p">))</span>
 <span class="go">&lt;input name=&quot;test&quot; value=&quot;a&quot;/&gt;</span>
@@ -421,7 +421,7 @@ <h3>`` INPUT``<a class="headerlink" href="#input" title="Permalink to this headi
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="label">
-<h3>`` Label``<a class="headerlink" href="#label" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>`` Label``<a class="headerlink" href="#label" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Ele é usado para criar uma tag rótulo para um campo de entrada.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">LABEL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;hello&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">XML</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;strong&gt;world&lt;/strong&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">_class</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;test&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">))</span>
 <span class="go">&lt;label id=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;test&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;hello&amp;gt;&lt;strong&gt;world&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/label&gt;</span>
@@ -429,7 +429,7 @@ <h3>`` Label``<a class="headerlink" href="#label" title="Permalink to this headi
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="li">
-<h3>`` LI``<a class="headerlink" href="#li" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>`` LI``<a class="headerlink" href="#li" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Faz um item da lista e deve estar contido em um `` UL`` ou `` tag OL``.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">LI</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;hello&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">XML</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;strong&gt;world&lt;/strong&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">_class</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;test&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">))</span>
 <span class="go">&lt;li id=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;test&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;hello&amp;gt;&lt;strong&gt;world&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;</span>
@@ -437,7 +437,7 @@ <h3>`` LI``<a class="headerlink" href="#li" title="Permalink to this heading">
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="ol">
-<h3>`` OL``<a class="headerlink" href="#ol" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>`` OL``<a class="headerlink" href="#ol" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>It stands for ordered list. The list should contain LI tags.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">OL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">LI</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;hello&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">LI</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">XML</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;strong&gt;world&lt;/strong&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">)),</span> <span class="n">_class</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;test&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">))</span>
 <span class="go">&lt;ol class=&quot;test&quot; id=&quot;0&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&amp;lt;hello&amp;gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;world&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;</span>
@@ -445,7 +445,7 @@ <h3>`` OL``<a class="headerlink" href="#ol" title="Permalink to this heading">
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="option">
-<h3>`` OPTION``<a class="headerlink" href="#option" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>`` OPTION``<a class="headerlink" href="#option" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>This should only be used as argument of a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SELECT</span></code>.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">OPTION</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;hello&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">XML</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;strong&gt;world&lt;/strong&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">_value</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;a&#39;</span><span class="p">))</span>
 <span class="go">&lt;option value=&quot;a&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;hello&amp;gt;&lt;strong&gt;world&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/option&gt;</span>
@@ -458,7 +458,7 @@ <h3>`` OPTION``<a class="headerlink" href="#option" title="Permalink to this hea
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="p">
-<h3>`` P``<a class="headerlink" href="#p" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>`` P``<a class="headerlink" href="#p" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Isto é para marcar um parágrafo.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">P</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;hello&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">XML</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;strong&gt;world&lt;/strong&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">_class</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;test&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">))</span>
 <span class="go">&lt;p id=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;test&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;hello&amp;gt;&lt;strong&gt;world&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</span>
@@ -466,7 +466,7 @@ <h3>`` P``<a class="headerlink" href="#p" title="Permalink to this heading"><
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="pre">
-<h3>`` PRE``<a class="headerlink" href="#pre" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>`` PRE``<a class="headerlink" href="#pre" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Gera um `` &lt;pre&gt; … &lt;/ pre&gt; `` tag para exibir texto pré-formatado. O `` CODE`` auxiliar é geralmente preferível para listagens de código.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SELECT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">OPTION</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;first&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_value</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;1&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">OPTION</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;second&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_value</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;2&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">_class</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;test&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">))</span>
 <span class="go">&lt;pre id=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;test&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;hello&amp;gt;&lt;strong&gt;world&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;</span>
@@ -474,7 +474,7 @@ <h3>`` PRE``<a class="headerlink" href="#pre" title="Permalink to this heading">
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="script">
-<h3>`` SCRIPT``<a class="headerlink" href="#script" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>`` SCRIPT``<a class="headerlink" href="#script" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>This is for include or link a script, such as JavaScript.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SCRIPT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;console.log(&quot;hello world&quot;);&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;text/javascript&#39;</span><span class="p">))</span>
 <span class="go">&lt;script type=&quot;text/javascript&quot;&gt;console.log(&quot;hello world&quot;);&lt;/script&gt;</span>
@@ -482,7 +482,7 @@ <h3>`` SCRIPT``<a class="headerlink" href="#script" title="Permalink to this hea
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="select">
-<h3>`` SELECT``<a class="headerlink" href="#select" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>`` SELECT``<a class="headerlink" href="#select" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Makes a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&lt;select&gt;...&lt;/select&gt;</span></code> tag. This is used with the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OPTION</span></code>
 helper.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SELECT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">OPTION</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;first&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_value</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;1&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">OPTION</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;second&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_value</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;2&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span>
@@ -492,7 +492,7 @@ <h3>`` SELECT``<a class="headerlink" href="#select" title="Permalink to this hea
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="span">
-<h3>`` SPAN``<a class="headerlink" href="#span" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>`` SPAN``<a class="headerlink" href="#span" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Semelhante a `` div`` mas utilizado para marcação em linha (em vez de bloco) conteúdo.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SPAN</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;hello&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">XML</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;strong&gt;world&lt;/strong&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">_class</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;test&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">))</span>
 <span class="go">&lt;span id=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;test&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;hello&amp;gt;&lt;strong&gt;world&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</span>
@@ -500,7 +500,7 @@ <h3>`` SPAN``<a class="headerlink" href="#span" title="Permalink to this heading
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="style">
-<h3>`` STYLE``<a class="headerlink" href="#style" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>`` STYLE``<a class="headerlink" href="#style" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Semelhante ao script, mas usadas para incluir ou código do link CSS. Aqui, o CSS está incluído:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">STYLE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">XML</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;body {color: white}&#39;</span><span class="p">)))</span>
 <span class="go">&lt;style&gt;body {color: white}&lt;/style&gt;</span>
@@ -513,7 +513,7 @@ <h3>`` STYLE``<a class="headerlink" href="#style" title="Permalink to this headi
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="table-tr-td">
-<h3>`` TABLE``, `` TR``, `` TD``<a class="headerlink" href="#table-tr-td" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>`` TABLE``, `` TR``, `` TD``<a class="headerlink" href="#table-tr-td" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Estas tags (juntamente com o opcional `` THEAD`` e `` helpers TBODY``) são utilizados para tabelas de construção HTML.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">TABLE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">TR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">TD</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;a&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">TD</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;b&#39;</span><span class="p">)),</span> <span class="n">TR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">TD</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;c&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">TD</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;d&#39;</span><span class="p">))))</span>
 <span class="go">&lt;table&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;a&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;b&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;c&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;d&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</span>
@@ -535,7 +535,7 @@ <h3>`` TABLE``, `` TR``, `` TD``<a class="headerlink" href="#table-tr-td" title=
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="tbody">
-<h3>`` TBODY``<a class="headerlink" href="#tbody" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>`` TBODY``<a class="headerlink" href="#tbody" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Isto é usado para linhas tag contidos no corpo de mesa, em oposição a linhas de cabeçalho ou de rodapé. É opcional.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">TBODY</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">TR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">TD</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;hello&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">)),</span> <span class="n">_class</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;test&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">))</span>
 <span class="go">&lt;tbody id=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;test&quot;&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&amp;lt;hello&amp;gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;</span>
@@ -543,7 +543,7 @@ <h3>`` TBODY``<a class="headerlink" href="#tbody" title="Permalink to this headi
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="textarea">
-<h3>`` TEXTAREA``<a class="headerlink" href="#textarea" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>`` TEXTAREA``<a class="headerlink" href="#textarea" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Este assistente faz uma <cite>&lt;textarea&gt; … &lt;/ textarea&gt; tag</cite> <a href="#id1"><span class="problematic" id="id2">``</span></a>.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">TEXTAREA</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;hello&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">XML</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;strong&gt;world&lt;/strong&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">_class</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;test&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
 <span class="gp">... </span><span class="n">_cols</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;40&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_rows</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;10&quot;</span><span class="p">))</span>
@@ -552,7 +552,7 @@ <h3>`` TEXTAREA``<a class="headerlink" href="#textarea" title="Permalink to this
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="th">
-<h3>`` TH``<a class="headerlink" href="#th" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>`` TH``<a class="headerlink" href="#th" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Este é utilizado em vez de `` TD`` em cabeçalhos de tabela.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">TH</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;hello&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">XML</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;strong&gt;world&lt;/strong&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">_class</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;test&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">))</span>
 <span class="go">&lt;th id=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;test&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;hello&amp;gt;&lt;strong&gt;world&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/th&gt;</span>
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@ <h3>`` TH``<a class="headerlink" href="#th" title="Permalink to this heading">
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="thead">
-<h3>`` THEAD``<a class="headerlink" href="#thead" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>`` THEAD``<a class="headerlink" href="#thead" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Isto é usado para linhas de cabeçalho da tabela tag.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">THEAD</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">TR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">TH</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;hello&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">)),</span> <span class="n">_class</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;test&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">))</span>
 <span class="go">&lt;thead id=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;test&quot;&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;&amp;lt;hello&amp;gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/thead&gt;</span>
@@ -568,7 +568,7 @@ <h3>`` THEAD``<a class="headerlink" href="#thead" title="Permalink to this headi
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="title">
-<h3>`` TITLE``<a class="headerlink" href="#title" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>`` TITLE``<a class="headerlink" href="#title" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Isto é usado para marcar o título de uma página em um cabeçalho HTML.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">TITLE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;hello&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">XML</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;strong&gt;world&lt;/strong&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">)))</span>
 <span class="go">&lt;title&gt;&amp;lt;hello&amp;gt;&lt;strong&gt;world&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/title&gt;</span>
@@ -576,7 +576,7 @@ <h3>`` TITLE``<a class="headerlink" href="#title" title="Permalink to this headi
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="tt">
-<h3>`` TT``<a class="headerlink" href="#tt" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>`` TT``<a class="headerlink" href="#tt" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Etiquetas de texto como máquina de escrever texto (monoespaçada).</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">TT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;hello&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">XML</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;strong&gt;world&lt;/strong&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">_class</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;test&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">))</span>
 <span class="go">&lt;tt id=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;test&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;hello&amp;gt;&lt;strong&gt;world&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;</span>
@@ -584,7 +584,7 @@ <h3>`` TT``<a class="headerlink" href="#tt" title="Permalink to this heading">
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="ul">
-<h3>`` UL``<a class="headerlink" href="#ul" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>`` UL``<a class="headerlink" href="#ul" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>It stands for unordered list. The list should contain LI tags.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">UL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">LI</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;hello&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">LI</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">XML</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;strong&gt;world&lt;/strong&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">)),</span> <span class="n">_class</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;test&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">))</span>
 <span class="go">&lt;ul class=&quot;test&quot; id=&quot;0&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&amp;lt;hello&amp;gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;world&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;</span>
@@ -592,14 +592,14 @@ <h3>`` UL``<a class="headerlink" href="#ul" title="Permalink to this heading">
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="url">
-<h3>`` URL``<a class="headerlink" href="#url" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>`` URL``<a class="headerlink" href="#url" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>The URL helper is not part of yatl package, instead it is provided by py4web.</p>
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="custom-helpers">
-<h2>Helpers personalizados<a class="headerlink" href="#custom-helpers" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Helpers personalizados<a class="headerlink" href="#custom-helpers" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <section id="tag">
-<span id="id2"></span><h3>`` TAG``<a class="headerlink" href="#tag" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<span id="id2"></span><h3>`` TAG``<a class="headerlink" href="#tag" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Sometimes you need to generate <strong>custom XML tags*</strong>. For this purpose py4web
 provides <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TAG</span></code>, a universal tag generator.</p>
 <div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>[[=TAG.name(&#39;a&#39;, &#39;b&#39;, _c=&#39;d&#39;)]]
@@ -625,7 +625,7 @@ <h2>Helpers personalizados<a class="headerlink" href="#custom-helpers" title="Pe
 a function that returns an helper instance.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="beautify">
-<h3>`` BEAUTIFY``<a class="headerlink" href="#beautify" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>`` BEAUTIFY``<a class="headerlink" href="#beautify" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>`` BEAUTIFY`` é usado para representações de construção HTML de objetos compostos, incluindo listas, tuplas e dicionários:</p>
 <div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>[[=BEAUTIFY({&quot;a&quot;: [&quot;hello&quot;, STRONG(&quot;world&quot;)], &quot;b&quot;: (1, 2)})]]
 </pre></div>
@@ -644,10 +644,10 @@ <h3>`` BEAUTIFY``<a class="headerlink" href="#beautify" title="Permalink to this
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="server-side-dom">
-<h2>Server-side <em>DOM</em><a class="headerlink" href="#server-side-dom" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Server-side <em>DOM</em><a class="headerlink" href="#server-side-dom" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>As we’ve already seen the helpers mechanism in py4web also provides a server-side representation of the document object model (DOM).</p>
 <section id="children">
-<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">children</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#children" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">children</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#children" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Each helper object keep the list of its components into the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">children</span></code>
 attribute.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">CAT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;hello&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">STRONG</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;world&#39;</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">children</span>
@@ -656,7 +656,7 @@ <h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">children</span>
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="find">
-<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">find</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#find" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">find</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#find" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>To help searching into the DOM, all helpers have a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">find</span></code> method with
 the following signature:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">find</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">query</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">kargs</span><span class="p">)</span>
@@ -750,7 +750,7 @@ <h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">find</span></co
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="using-inject">
-<h2>Using Inject<a class="headerlink" href="#using-inject" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Using Inject<a class="headerlink" href="#using-inject" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>Normally all the code should be called from the controller program, and only the
 necessary data is passed to the template in order to be displayed.
 But sometimes it’s useful to pass variables or even use a python function as a helper called from a template.</p>
@@ -841,7 +841,7 @@ <h2>Using Inject<a class="headerlink" href="#using-inject" title="Permalink to t
      <label for="switch"></label>
      </span>
       
-      v: 1.20230507.1
+      v: 1.20230718.1
       <span class="fa fa-caret-down"></span>
     </span>
     <div class="rst-other-versions">
diff --git a/apps/_documentation/static/pt/chapter-11.html b/apps/_documentation/static/pt/chapter-11.html
index a9f4d6f45..41be0808f 100644
--- a/apps/_documentation/static/pt/chapter-11.html
+++ b/apps/_documentation/static/pt/chapter-11.html
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html class="writer-html5" lang="pt" >
 <head>
-  <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.19: https://docutils.sourceforge.io/" />
+  <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.18.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" />
 
   <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
-  <title>Internacionalização &mdash; Documentação py4web 1.20230507.1</title>
+  <title>Internacionalização &mdash; Documentação py4web 1.20230718.1</title>
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" />
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/css/theme.css" type="text/css" />
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/tabs.css" type="text/css" />
@@ -14,13 +14,13 @@
     <script src="_static/js/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
   <![endif]-->
   
-        <script src="_static/jquery.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js"></script>
-        <script data-url_root="./" id="documentation_options" src="_static/documentation_options.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/doctools.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/translations.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/js/toggle.js"></script>
+        <script src="_static/jquery.js?v=5d32c60e"></script>
+        <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js?v=2cd50e6c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/documentation_options.js?v=058a9de4"></script>
+        <script src="_static/doctools.js?v=888ff710"></script>
+        <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js?v=dc90522c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/translations.js?v=3b002d5c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/js/toggle.js?v=e1b5a5a1"></script>
     <script src="_static/js/theme.js"></script>
     <link rel="index" title="Índice" href="genindex.html" />
     <link rel="search" title="Pesquisar" href="search.html" />
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
               <img src="_static/logo.png" class="logo" alt="Logo"/>
           </a>
               <div class="version">
-                1.20230507.1
+                1.20230718.1
               </div>
 <div role="search">
   <form id="rtd-search-form" class="wy-form" action="search.html" method="get">
@@ -100,9 +100,9 @@
            <div itemprop="articleBody">
              
   <section id="internationalization">
-<h1>Internacionalização<a class="headerlink" href="#internationalization" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h1>
+<h1>Internacionalização<a class="headerlink" href="#internationalization" title="Link to this heading"></a></h1>
 <section id="pluralize">
-<h2>Pluralizar<a class="headerlink" href="#pluralize" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Pluralizar<a class="headerlink" href="#pluralize" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>Pluralizar é uma biblioteca Python para a Internacionalização (i18n) e Pluralização (p10n).</p>
 <p>The library assumes a folder (for example “translations”) that contains
 files like:</p>
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ <h2>Pluralizar<a class="headerlink" href="#pluralize" title="Permalink to this h
 <p>T.select (s) pode analisar uma string s seguinte HTTP aceito formato de idioma.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="update-the-translation-files">
-<h2>Atualizar os arquivos de tradução<a class="headerlink" href="#update-the-translation-files" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Atualizar os arquivos de tradução<a class="headerlink" href="#update-the-translation-files" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>Encontrar todas as cordas envoltas em T (…) em .py, .html e arquivos .js:</p>
 <div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>matches = T.find_matches(&#39;path/to/app/folder&#39;)
 </pre></div>
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ <h2>Atualizar os arquivos de tradução<a class="headerlink" href="#update-the-t
      <label for="switch"></label>
      </span>
       
-      v: 1.20230507.1
+      v: 1.20230718.1
       <span class="fa fa-caret-down"></span>
     </span>
     <div class="rst-other-versions">
diff --git a/apps/_documentation/static/pt/chapter-12.html b/apps/_documentation/static/pt/chapter-12.html
index 6f80acc00..b7b1f2925 100644
--- a/apps/_documentation/static/pt/chapter-12.html
+++ b/apps/_documentation/static/pt/chapter-12.html
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html class="writer-html5" lang="pt" >
 <head>
-  <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.19: https://docutils.sourceforge.io/" />
+  <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.18.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" />
 
   <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
-  <title>Forumlários &mdash; Documentação py4web 1.20230507.1</title>
+  <title>Forumlários &mdash; Documentação py4web 1.20230718.1</title>
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" />
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/css/theme.css" type="text/css" />
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/tabs.css" type="text/css" />
@@ -14,13 +14,13 @@
     <script src="_static/js/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
   <![endif]-->
   
-        <script src="_static/jquery.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js"></script>
-        <script data-url_root="./" id="documentation_options" src="_static/documentation_options.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/doctools.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/translations.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/js/toggle.js"></script>
+        <script src="_static/jquery.js?v=5d32c60e"></script>
+        <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js?v=2cd50e6c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/documentation_options.js?v=058a9de4"></script>
+        <script src="_static/doctools.js?v=888ff710"></script>
+        <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js?v=dc90522c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/translations.js?v=3b002d5c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/js/toggle.js?v=e1b5a5a1"></script>
     <script src="_static/js/theme.js"></script>
     <link rel="index" title="Índice" href="genindex.html" />
     <link rel="search" title="Pesquisar" href="search.html" />
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
               <img src="_static/logo.png" class="logo" alt="Logo"/>
           </a>
               <div class="version">
-                1.20230507.1
+                1.20230718.1
               </div>
 <div role="search">
   <form id="rtd-search-form" class="wy-form" action="search.html" method="get">
@@ -182,13 +182,13 @@
            <div itemprop="articleBody">
              
   <section id="forms">
-<h1>Forumlários<a class="headerlink" href="#forms" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h1>
+<h1>Forumlários<a class="headerlink" href="#forms" title="Link to this heading"></a></h1>
 <p>The Form class provides a high-level API for quickly building CRUD (create, update and delete) forms,
 especially for working on an existing database table. It can generate and process a form from a
 list of desired fields and/or from an existing database table.
 It is a pretty much equivalent to web2py’s <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLFORM</span></code>.</p>
 <section id="the-form-constructor">
-<h2>The Form constructor<a class="headerlink" href="#the-form-constructor" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>The Form constructor<a class="headerlink" href="#the-form-constructor" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>O `` construtor Form`` aceita os seguintes argumentos:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">Form</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span>
      <span class="n">table</span><span class="p">,</span>
@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ <h2>The Form constructor<a class="headerlink" href="#the-form-constructor" title
 </ul>
 </section>
 <section id="a-minimal-form-example-without-a-database">
-<h2>A minimal form example without a database<a class="headerlink" href="#a-minimal-form-example-without-a-database" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>A minimal form example without a database<a class="headerlink" href="#a-minimal-form-example-without-a-database" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>Let’s start with a minimal working form example.
 Create a new minimal app called <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">form_minimal</span></code> :</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># in form_minimal/__init__.py</span>
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ <h2>A minimal form example without a database<a class="headerlink" href="#a-mini
 The next example will.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="basic-form-example">
-<h2>Basic form example<a class="headerlink" href="#basic-form-example" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Basic form example<a class="headerlink" href="#basic-form-example" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>In this next basic example we generate a form from a database.
 Create a new minimal app called <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">form_basic</span></code> :</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># in form_basic/__init__.py</span>
@@ -342,7 +342,7 @@ <h2>Basic form example<a class="headerlink" href="#basic-form-example" title="Pe
 <p>The basic form usage is quite useful for rapid prototyping of programs, since you don’t need
 to specify the layout of the form. On the other hand, you cannot change its default behaviour.</p>
 <section id="file-upload-field">
-<h3>File upload field<a class="headerlink" href="#file-upload-field" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>File upload field<a class="headerlink" href="#file-upload-field" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>The file upload field is quite particular. The standard way to use it (as in the _scaffold app)
 is to have the UPLOAD_FOLDER defined in the common.py file. But if you don’t specify it, then the
 default value of  <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">your_app/upload</span></code> folder will be used (and the folder will also be created if needed).
@@ -395,9 +395,9 @@ <h3>File upload field<a class="headerlink" href="#file-upload-field" title="Perm
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="widgets">
-<h2>Widgets<a class="headerlink" href="#widgets" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Widgets<a class="headerlink" href="#widgets" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <section id="standard-widgets">
-<h3>Standard widgets<a class="headerlink" href="#standard-widgets" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Standard widgets<a class="headerlink" href="#standard-widgets" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Py4web provides many widgets in the py4web.utility.form library. They are simple plugins
 that easily allow you to specify the type of the input elements in a form, along with
 some of their properties.</p>
@@ -474,7 +474,7 @@ <h3>Standard widgets<a class="headerlink" href="#standard-widgets" title="Permal
 <p>Using widgets in forms is quite easy, and they’ll let you have more control on its pieces.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="custom-widgets">
-<h3>Custom widgets<a class="headerlink" href="#custom-widgets" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Custom widgets<a class="headerlink" href="#custom-widgets" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>You can also customize the widgets properties by subclassing the FormStyleDefault class. Let’s have a quick look,
 improving again our Superhero example:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">#</span>
@@ -551,9 +551,9 @@ <h3>Custom widgets<a class="headerlink" href="#custom-widgets" title="Permalink
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="advanced-form-design">
-<h2>Advanced form design<a class="headerlink" href="#advanced-form-design" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Advanced form design<a class="headerlink" href="#advanced-form-design" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <section id="form-structure-manipulation">
-<h3>Form structure manipulation<a class="headerlink" href="#form-structure-manipulation" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Form structure manipulation<a class="headerlink" href="#form-structure-manipulation" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>In py4web a form is rendered by YATL helpers. This means the tree structure of a form
 can be manipulated before the form is serialized in HTML.
 Here is an example of how to manipulate the generate HTML structure:</p>
@@ -568,7 +568,7 @@ <h3>Form structure manipulation<a class="headerlink" href="#form-structure-manip
 must be preceded by an underscore.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="custom-forms">
-<h3>Custom forms<a class="headerlink" href="#custom-forms" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Custom forms<a class="headerlink" href="#custom-forms" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Custom forms allow you to granulary control how the form is processed. In the template file, you can execute specific
 instructions before the form is displayed or after its data submission by inserting code among the following statements:</p>
 <div class="highlight-html notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>[[=form.custom.begin ]]
@@ -604,7 +604,7 @@ <h3>Custom forms<a class="headerlink" href="#custom-forms" title="Permalink to t
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="the-sidecar-parameter">
-<h3>The sidecar parameter<a class="headerlink" href="#the-sidecar-parameter" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>The sidecar parameter<a class="headerlink" href="#the-sidecar-parameter" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>The sidecar is the stuff injected in the form along with the submit button.</p>
 <p>For example, you can inject a simple <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">click</span> <span class="pre">me</span></code> button in your form with the following
 code:</p>
@@ -622,7 +622,7 @@ <h3>The sidecar parameter<a class="headerlink" href="#the-sidecar-parameter" tit
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="form-validation">
-<h2>Validação de formulário<a class="headerlink" href="#form-validation" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Validação de formulário<a class="headerlink" href="#form-validation" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>Validators are classes used to validate input fields (including forms generated from database tables).
 They are normally assigned using the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">requires</span></code> attribute of a table <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Field</span></code> object, as already
 shown on the <a class="reference internal" href="chapter-07.html#field-constructor"><span class="std std-ref">Construtor Field</span></a> paragraph of the DAL chapter. Also, you can use advanced validators
@@ -711,37 +711,37 @@ <h2>Validação de formulário<a class="headerlink" href="#form-validation" titl
 </div>
 </div>
 <section id="text-format-validators">
-<h3>Text format validators<a class="headerlink" href="#text-format-validators" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Text format validators<a class="headerlink" href="#text-format-validators" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <section id="is-alphanumeric">
-<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_ALPHANUMERIC</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-alphanumeric" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_ALPHANUMERIC</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-alphanumeric" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>This validator checks that a field value contains only characters in the ranges a-z, A-Z, 0-9, and underscores.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">requires</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">IS_ALPHANUMERIC</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">error_message</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;must be alphanumeric!&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
 </pre></div>
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="is-lower">
-<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_LOWER</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-lower" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_LOWER</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-lower" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>This validator never returns an error. It just converts the value to lower case.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">requires</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">IS_LOWER</span><span class="p">()</span>
 </pre></div>
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="is-upper">
-<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_UPPER</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-upper" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_UPPER</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-upper" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>This validator never returns an error. It converts the value to upper case.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">requires</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">IS_UPPER</span><span class="p">()</span>
 </pre></div>
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="is-email">
-<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_EMAIL</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-email" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_EMAIL</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-email" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>It checks that the field value looks like an email address. It does not try to send email to confirm.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">requires</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">IS_EMAIL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">error_message</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;invalid email!&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
 </pre></div>
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="is-match">
-<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_MATCH</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-match" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_MATCH</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-match" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>This validator matches the value against a regular expression and returns an error if it does not match.
 Here is an example of usage to validate a US zip code:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">requires</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">IS_MATCH</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;^\d</span><span class="si">{5}</span><span class="s1">(-\d</span><span class="si">{4}</span><span class="s1">)?$&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
@@ -771,7 +771,7 @@ <h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_MATCH</span>
 substring rather than the original value.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="is-length">
-<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_LENGTH</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-length" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_LENGTH</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-length" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>Checks if length of field’s value fits between given boundaries. Works
 for both text and file inputs.</p>
 <p>Its arguments are:</p>
@@ -800,7 +800,7 @@ <h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_LENGTH</span
 length of the data in the file, which is the behavior one might intuitively expect.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="is-url">
-<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_URL</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-url" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_URL</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-url" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>Rejects a URL string if any of the following is true:</p>
 <ul class="simple">
 <li><p>The string is empty or None</p></li>
@@ -846,7 +846,7 @@ <h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_URL</span></
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="is-slug">
-<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_SLUG</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-slug" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_SLUG</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-slug" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">requires</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">IS_SLUG</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">maxlen</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">80</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">check</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">error_message</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;must be slug&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
 </pre></div>
 </div>
@@ -854,7 +854,7 @@ <h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_SLUG</span><
 <p>If <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">check</span></code> is set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">False</span></code> (default) it converts the input value to a slug.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="is-json">
-<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_JSON</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-json" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_JSON</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-json" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">requires</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">IS_JSON</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">error_message</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;Invalid json&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">native_json</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">)</span>
 </pre></div>
 </div>
@@ -863,16 +863,16 @@ <h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_JSON</span><
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="date-and-time-validators">
-<h3>Date and time validators<a class="headerlink" href="#date-and-time-validators" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Date and time validators<a class="headerlink" href="#date-and-time-validators" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <section id="is-time">
-<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_TIME</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-time" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_TIME</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-time" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>This validator checks that a field value contains a valid time in the specified format.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">requires</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">IS_TIME</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">error_message</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;must be HH:MM:SS!&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
 </pre></div>
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="is-date">
-<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_DATE</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-date" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_DATE</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-date" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>This validator checks that a field value contains a valid date in the specified format. It is good practice to specify the format using the translation operator, in order to support different formats in different locales.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">requires</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">IS_DATE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">format</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;%Y-%m-</span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s1">&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span>
     <span class="n">error_message</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;must be YYYY-MM-DD!&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
@@ -881,7 +881,7 @@ <h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_DATE</span><
 <p>For the full description on % directives look under the IS_DATETIME validator.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="is-datetime">
-<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_DATETIME</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-datetime" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_DATETIME</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-datetime" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>This validator checks that a field value contains a valid datetime in the specified format. It is good practice to specify the format using the translation operator, in order to support different formats in different locales.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">requires</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">IS_DATETIME</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">format</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;%Y-%m-</span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s1"> %H:%M:%S&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span>
                    <span class="n">error_message</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;must be YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS!&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
@@ -903,7 +903,7 @@ <h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_DATETIME</sp
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="is-date-in-range">
-<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_DATE_IN_RANGE</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-date-in-range" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_DATE_IN_RANGE</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-date-in-range" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>Works very much like the previous validator but allows to specify a range:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">requires</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">IS_DATE_IN_RANGE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">format</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;%Y-%m-</span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s1">&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span>
                 <span class="n">minimum</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">datetime</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">date</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2008</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">),</span>
@@ -914,7 +914,7 @@ <h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_DATE_IN_RANG
 <p>For the full description on % directives look under the IS_DATETIME validator.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="is-datetime-in-range">
-<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_DATETIME_IN_RANGE</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-datetime-in-range" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_DATETIME_IN_RANGE</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-datetime-in-range" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>Works very much like the previous validator but allows to specify a range:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">requires</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">IS_DATETIME_IN_RANGE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">format</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;%Y-%m-</span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s1"> %H:%M:%S&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span>
                     <span class="n">minimum</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">datetime</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">datetime</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2008</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">),</span>
@@ -926,9 +926,9 @@ <h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_DATETIME_IN_
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="range-set-and-equality-validators">
-<h3>Range, set and equality validators<a class="headerlink" href="#range-set-and-equality-validators" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Range, set and equality validators<a class="headerlink" href="#range-set-and-equality-validators" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <section id="is-equal-to">
-<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_EQUAL_TO</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-equal-to" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_EQUAL_TO</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-equal-to" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>Checks whether the validated value is equal to a given value (which can be a variable):</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">requires</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">IS_EQUAL_TO</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">vars</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">password</span><span class="p">,</span>
                     <span class="n">error_message</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;passwords do not match&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
@@ -936,7 +936,7 @@ <h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_EQUAL_TO</sp
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="is-not-empty">
-<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_NOT_EMPTY</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-not-empty" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_NOT_EMPTY</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-not-empty" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>This validator checks that the content of the field value is neither None nor an empty string nor an empty list. A string value is checked for after a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.strip()</span></code>.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">requires</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">IS_NOT_EMPTY</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">error_message</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;cannot be empty!&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
 </pre></div>
@@ -947,11 +947,11 @@ <h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_NOT_EMPTY</s
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="is-null-or">
-<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_NULL_OR</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-null-or" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_NULL_OR</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-null-or" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>Deprecated, an alias for <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_EMPTY_OR</span></code> described below.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="is-empty-or">
-<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_EMPTY_OR</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-empty-or" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_EMPTY_OR</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-empty-or" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>Sometimes you need to allow empty values on a field along with other requirements. For example a field may be a date but it can also be empty.
 The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_EMPTY_OR</span></code> validator allows this:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">requires</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">IS_EMPTY_OR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">IS_DATE</span><span class="p">())</span>
@@ -965,7 +965,7 @@ <h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_EMPTY_OR</sp
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="is-expr">
-<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_EXPR</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-expr" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_EXPR</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-expr" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>This validator let you express a general condition by means of a callable which takes a value to validate and returns the error message or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code> to accept the input value.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">requires</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">IS_EXPR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">lambda</span> <span class="n">v</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">T</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;not divisible by 3&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="mi">3</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">)</span>
 </pre></div>
@@ -983,7 +983,7 @@ <h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_EXPR</span><
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="is-decimal-in-range">
-<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_DECIMAL_IN_RANGE</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-decimal-in-range" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_DECIMAL_IN_RANGE</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-decimal-in-range" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">INPUT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">_type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;text&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;name&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">requires</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">IS_DECIMAL_IN_RANGE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dot</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;.&quot;</span><span class="p">))</span>
 </pre></div>
 </div>
@@ -995,7 +995,7 @@ <h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_DECIMAL_IN_R
 <p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dot</span></code> argument is optional and allows you to internationalize the symbol used to separate the decimals.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="is-float-in-range">
-<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_FLOAT_IN_RANGE</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-float-in-range" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_FLOAT_IN_RANGE</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-float-in-range" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>Checks that the field value is a floating point number within a definite range, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span> <span class="pre">&lt;=</span> <span class="pre">value</span> <span class="pre">&lt;=</span> <span class="pre">100</span></code> in the following example:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">requires</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">IS_FLOAT_IN_RANGE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dot</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;.&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
                             <span class="n">error_message</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;negative or too large!&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
@@ -1004,7 +1004,7 @@ <h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_FLOAT_IN_RAN
 <p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dot</span></code> argument is optional and allows you to internationalize the symbol used to separate the decimals.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="is-int-in-range">
-<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_INT_IN_RANGE</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-int-in-range" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_INT_IN_RANGE</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-int-in-range" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <dl>
 <dt>Checks that the field value is an integer number within a definite range,</dt><dd><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span> <span class="pre">&lt;=</span> <span class="pre">value</span> <span class="pre">&lt;</span> <span class="pre">100</span></code> in the following example:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">requires</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">IS_INT_IN_RANGE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">,</span>
@@ -1015,7 +1015,7 @@ <h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_INT_IN_RANGE
 </dl>
 </section>
 <section id="is-in-set">
-<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_IN_SET</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-in-set" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_IN_SET</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-in-set" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>This validator will automatically set the form field to an option field (ie, with a drop-down menu).</p>
 <p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_IN_SET</span></code> checks that the field values are in a set:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">requires</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">IS_IN_SET</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="s1">&#39;a&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;b&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;c&#39;</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">zero</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;choose one&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span>
@@ -1033,14 +1033,14 @@ <h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_IN_SET</span
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="checkbox-validation">
-<h4>Checkbox validation<a class="headerlink" href="#checkbox-validation" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4>Checkbox validation<a class="headerlink" href="#checkbox-validation" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>To force a filled-in form checkbox (such as an acceptance of terms and conditions), use this:</p>
-<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">requires</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">IS_IN_SET</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="s1">&#39;on&#39;</span><span class="p">])</span>
+<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">requires</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">IS_IN_SET</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="s1">&#39;ON&#39;</span><span class="p">])</span>
 </pre></div>
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="dictionaries-and-tuples-with-is-in-set">
-<h4>Dictionaries and tuples with IS_IN_SET<a class="headerlink" href="#dictionaries-and-tuples-with-is-in-set" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4>Dictionaries and tuples with IS_IN_SET<a class="headerlink" href="#dictionaries-and-tuples-with-is-in-set" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>You may also use a dictionary or a list of tuples to make the drop down list more descriptive:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># Dictionary example:</span>
 <span class="n">requires</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">IS_IN_SET</span><span class="p">({</span><span class="s1">&#39;A&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="s1">&#39;Apple&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;B&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="s1">&#39;Banana&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;C&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="s1">&#39;Cherry&#39;</span><span class="p">},</span> <span class="n">zero</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">)</span>
@@ -1051,14 +1051,14 @@ <h4>Dictionaries and tuples with IS_IN_SET<a class="headerlink" href="#dictionar
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="sorted-options">
-<h4>Sorted options<a class="headerlink" href="#sorted-options" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4>Sorted options<a class="headerlink" href="#sorted-options" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>To keep the options alphabetically sorted by their labels into the drop down list, use the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sort</span></code> argument with IS_IN_SET.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">IS_IN_SET</span><span class="p">([(</span><span class="s1">&#39;H&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Hulk&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;S&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Superman&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;B&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Batman&#39;</span><span class="p">)],</span> <span class="n">sort</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
 </pre></div>
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="is-in-set-and-tagging">
-<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_IN_SET</span></code> and Tagging<a class="headerlink" href="#is-in-set-and-tagging" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_IN_SET</span></code> and Tagging<a class="headerlink" href="#is-in-set-and-tagging" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_IN_SET</span></code> validator has an optional attribute <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">multiple=False</span></code>. If set to True, multiple values can be stored in one
 field. The field should be of type <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">list:integer</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">list:string</span></code> as discussed in [[Chapter 6 ../06#list-type-and-contains]].
 An explicit example of tagging is discussed there. We strongly suggest using the jQuery multiselect plugin to render multiple fields.</p>
@@ -1068,9 +1068,9 @@ <h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_IN_SET</span
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="complexity-and-security-validators">
-<h3>Complexity and security validators<a class="headerlink" href="#complexity-and-security-validators" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Complexity and security validators<a class="headerlink" href="#complexity-and-security-validators" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <section id="is-strong">
-<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_STRONG</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-strong" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_STRONG</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-strong" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>Enforces complexity requirements on a field (usually a password field).</p>
 <p>Example:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">requires</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">IS_STRONG</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">min</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">special</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">upper</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
@@ -1100,7 +1100,7 @@ <h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_STRONG</span
 <span class="pre">number</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">1,</span> <span class="pre">special</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">1</span></code> which otherwise are all sets to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="crypt">
-<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CRYPT</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#crypt" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CRYPT</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#crypt" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>This is also a filter. It performs a secure hash on the input and it is used to prevent passwords from being passed in the clear to the database.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">requires</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">CRYPT</span><span class="p">()</span>
 </pre></div>
@@ -1132,9 +1132,9 @@ <h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CRYPT</span></c
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="special-type-validators">
-<h3>Special type validators<a class="headerlink" href="#special-type-validators" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Special type validators<a class="headerlink" href="#special-type-validators" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <section id="is-list-of">
-<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_LIST_OF</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-list-of" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_LIST_OF</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-list-of" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>This validator helps you to ensure length limits on values of type list, for this purpose use its <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">minimum</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">maximum</span></code>, and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">error_message</span></code>
 arguments, for example:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">requires</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">IS_LIST_OF</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">minimum</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
@@ -1153,7 +1153,7 @@ <h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_LIST_OF</spa
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="is-list-of-emails">
-<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_LIST_OF_EMAILS</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-list-of-emails" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_LIST_OF_EMAILS</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-list-of-emails" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>This validator is specifically designed to work with the following field:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">Field</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;emails&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;list:string&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
       <span class="n">widget</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">SQLFORM</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">widgets</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">text</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">widget</span><span class="p">,</span>
@@ -1179,7 +1179,7 @@ <h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_LIST_OF_EMAI
 <p>The effect of the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">represent</span></code> argument (at lines 6 and 7) is to add a «mailto:…» link to each email address when the record is rendered in HTML pages.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="any-of">
-<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ANY_OF</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#any-of" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ANY_OF</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#any-of" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>This validator takes a list of validators and accepts a value if any of the validators in the list does (i.e. it acts like a logical
 OR with respect to given validators).</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">requires</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ANY_OF</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="n">IS_ALPHANUMERIC</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="n">IS_EMAIL</span><span class="p">()])</span>
@@ -1196,7 +1196,7 @@ <h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ANY_OF</span></
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="is-image">
-<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_IMAGE</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-image" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_IMAGE</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-image" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>This validator checks if a file uploaded through the file input was saved in one of the selected image formats and has dimensions (width and height)
 within given limits.</p>
 <p>It does not check for maximum file size (use IS_LENGTH for that). It returns
@@ -1231,7 +1231,7 @@ <h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_IMAGE</span>
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="is-file">
-<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_FILE</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-file" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_FILE</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-file" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>Checks if name and extension of file uploaded through file input matches given criteria.</p>
 <p>Does <em>not</em> ensure the file type in any way. Returns validation failure if no data was uploaded.</p>
 <p>Its arguments are:</p>
@@ -1271,7 +1271,7 @@ <h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_FILE</span><
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="is-upload-filename">
-<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_UPLOAD_FILENAME</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-upload-filename" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_UPLOAD_FILENAME</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-upload-filename" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>This is the older implementation for checking files, included for backwards compatibility.  For new applications, use <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_FILE()</span></code>.</p>
 <p>This validator checks if the name and extension of a file uploaded through the file input matches the given criteria.</p>
 <p>It does not ensure the file type in any way. Returns validation failure
@@ -1300,7 +1300,7 @@ <h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_UPLOAD_FILEN
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="is-ipv4">
-<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_IPV4</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-ipv4" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_IPV4</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-ipv4" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>This validator checks if a field’s value is an IP version 4 address in decimal form. Can
 be set to force addresses from a certain range.</p>
 <p>IPv4 regex taken from <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">regexlib</span></code>. The signature for the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_IPV4</span></code> constructor is the following:</p>
@@ -1348,7 +1348,7 @@ <h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_IPV4</span><
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="is-ipv6">
-<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_IPV6</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-ipv6" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_IPV6</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-ipv6" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>This validator checks if a field’s value is an IP version 6 address.</p>
 <p>The signature for the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_IPV6</span></code> constructor is the following:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">IS_IPV6</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">is_private</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span>
@@ -1395,7 +1395,7 @@ <h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_IPV6</span><
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="is-ipaddress">
-<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_IPADDRESS</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-ipaddress" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_IPADDRESS</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-ipaddress" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>This validator checks if a field’s value is an IP address (either version 4 or version 6).
 Can be set to force addresses from within a specific range.
 Checks are done using the appropriate <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_IPV4</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_IPV6</span></code> validator.</p>
@@ -1427,9 +1427,9 @@ <h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_IPADDRESS</s
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="other-validators">
-<h3>Other validators<a class="headerlink" href="#other-validators" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Other validators<a class="headerlink" href="#other-validators" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <section id="cleanup">
-<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CLEANUP</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#cleanup" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CLEANUP</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#cleanup" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>This is a filter. It never fails. By default it just removes all characters whose decimal ASCII codes
 are not in the list [10, 13, 32-127]. It always perform an initial strip (i.e. heading and trailing blank characters removal) on the value.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">requires</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">CLEANUP</span><span class="p">()</span>
@@ -1443,9 +1443,9 @@ <h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CLEANUP</span><
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="database-validators">
-<h3>Database validators<a class="headerlink" href="#database-validators" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Database validators<a class="headerlink" href="#database-validators" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <section id="is-not-in-db">
-<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_NOT_IN_DB</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-not-in-db" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_NOT_IN_DB</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-not-in-db" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>Synopsis:
 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_NOT_IN_DB(db|set,</span> <span class="pre">'table.field')</span></code></p>
 <p>Consider the following example:</p>
@@ -1481,7 +1481,7 @@ <h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_NOT_IN_DB</s
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="is-in-db">
-<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_IN_DB</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-in-db" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_IN_DB</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#is-in-db" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>Synopsis:
 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_IN_DB(db|set,</span> <span class="pre">'table.value_field',</span> <span class="pre">'%(representing_field)s',</span> <span class="pre">zero='choose</span> <span class="pre">one')</span></code>
 where the third and fourth arguments are optional.</p>
@@ -1540,7 +1540,7 @@ <h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_IN_DB</span>
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="is-in-db-and-tagging">
-<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_IN_DB</span></code> and Tagging<a class="headerlink" href="#is-in-db-and-tagging" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_IN_DB</span></code> and Tagging<a class="headerlink" href="#is-in-db-and-tagging" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_IN_DB</span></code> validator has an optional attribute <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">multiple=False</span></code>. If set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code> multiple values can be stored in one field.
 This field should be of type <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">list:reference</span></code> as discussed in <a class="reference internal" href="chapter-07.html#list-type-and-contains"><span class="std std-ref">`` Lista: &lt;type&gt; `` e `` contains``</span></a>. An explicit example of
 tagging is discussed there. Multiple references are handled automatically in create and update forms, but they are transparent to
@@ -1548,7 +1548,7 @@ <h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IS_IN_DB</span>
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="validation-functions">
-<h3>Validation functions<a class="headerlink" href="#validation-functions" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Validation functions<a class="headerlink" href="#validation-functions" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>In order to explicitly define a validation function, we pass to the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">validation</span></code> parameter a
 function that takes the form and returns a dictionary, mapping field
 names to errors. If the dictionary is non-empty, the errors will be
@@ -1616,7 +1616,7 @@ <h3>Validation functions<a class="headerlink" href="#validation-functions" title
      <label for="switch"></label>
      </span>
       
-      v: 1.20230507.1
+      v: 1.20230718.1
       <span class="fa fa-caret-down"></span>
     </span>
     <div class="rst-other-versions">
diff --git a/apps/_documentation/static/pt/chapter-13.html b/apps/_documentation/static/pt/chapter-13.html
index 0969a2517..e6b9fb7e1 100644
--- a/apps/_documentation/static/pt/chapter-13.html
+++ b/apps/_documentation/static/pt/chapter-13.html
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html class="writer-html5" lang="pt" >
 <head>
-  <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.19: https://docutils.sourceforge.io/" />
+  <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.18.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" />
 
   <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
-  <title>Authentication and authorization &mdash; Documentação py4web 1.20230507.1</title>
+  <title>Authentication and authorization &mdash; Documentação py4web 1.20230718.1</title>
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" />
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/css/theme.css" type="text/css" />
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/tabs.css" type="text/css" />
@@ -14,13 +14,13 @@
     <script src="_static/js/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
   <![endif]-->
   
-        <script src="_static/jquery.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js"></script>
-        <script data-url_root="./" id="documentation_options" src="_static/documentation_options.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/doctools.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/translations.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/js/toggle.js"></script>
+        <script src="_static/jquery.js?v=5d32c60e"></script>
+        <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js?v=2cd50e6c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/documentation_options.js?v=058a9de4"></script>
+        <script src="_static/doctools.js?v=888ff710"></script>
+        <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js?v=dc90522c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/translations.js?v=3b002d5c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/js/toggle.js?v=e1b5a5a1"></script>
     <script src="_static/js/theme.js"></script>
     <link rel="index" title="Índice" href="genindex.html" />
     <link rel="search" title="Pesquisar" href="search.html" />
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
               <img src="_static/logo.png" class="logo" alt="Logo"/>
           </a>
               <div class="version">
-                1.20230507.1
+                1.20230718.1
               </div>
 <div role="search">
   <form id="rtd-search-form" class="wy-form" action="search.html" method="get">
@@ -90,6 +90,7 @@
 <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#multiple-tags-objects">Multiple Tags objects</a></li>
 </ul>
 </li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#user-impersonation">User Impersonation</a></li>
 </ul>
 </li>
 <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="chapter-14.html">Rede</a></li>
@@ -122,7 +123,7 @@
            <div itemprop="articleBody">
              
   <section id="authentication-and-authorization">
-<h1>Authentication and authorization<a class="headerlink" href="#authentication-and-authorization" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h1>
+<h1>Authentication and authorization<a class="headerlink" href="#authentication-and-authorization" title="Link to this heading"></a></h1>
 <p>Strong authentication and authorization methods are
 vital for a modern, multiuser web application.
 While they are often used interchangeably, authentication and authorization
@@ -132,7 +133,7 @@ <h1>Authentication and authorization<a class="headerlink" href="#authentication-
 <li><p>Authorization gives those users permission to access a resource</p></li>
 </ul>
 <section id="authentication-using-auth">
-<h2>Authentication using Auth<a class="headerlink" href="#authentication-using-auth" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Authentication using Auth<a class="headerlink" href="#authentication-using-auth" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>py4web comes with a an object <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Auth</span></code> and a system of plugins for user
 authentication. It has the same name as the
 corresponding web2py one and serves the same purpose but the API and
@@ -180,7 +181,7 @@ <h2>Authentication using Auth<a class="headerlink" href="#authentication-using-a
 </ul>
 <p>Os que estão marcados com um (+) requerem um usuário conectado.</p>
 <section id="auth-ui">
-<h3>Interface de autenticação<a class="headerlink" href="#auth-ui" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Interface de autenticação<a class="headerlink" href="#auth-ui" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Você pode criar sua própria interface do usuário da web para usuários de login usando as APIs acima, mas py4web fornece um como exemplo, implementada nos seguintes arquivos:</p>
 <ul class="simple">
 <li><p>_Scaffold / templates / auth.html</p></li>
@@ -223,7 +224,7 @@ <h3>Interface de autenticação<a class="headerlink" href="#auth-ui" title="Perm
 which in turn activates the Auth action.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="using-auth-inside-actions">
-<h3>Using Auth inside actions<a class="headerlink" href="#using-auth-inside-actions" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Using Auth inside actions<a class="headerlink" href="#using-auth-inside-actions" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>There two ways to use the Auth object in an action.</p>
 <p>The first one does not force a login.  With <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&#64;action.uses(auth)</span></code>
 we tell py4web that this action should have information about the user,
@@ -246,7 +247,7 @@ <h3>Using Auth inside actions<a class="headerlink" href="#using-auth-inside-acti
 <p>Aqui `` &#64; action.uses (auth.user) `` diz py4web que essa ação requer um usuário conectado e deve redirecionar para login se nenhum usuário está logado.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="two-factor-authentication">
-<h3>Two Factor Authentication<a class="headerlink" href="#two-factor-authentication" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Two Factor Authentication<a class="headerlink" href="#two-factor-authentication" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Two factor authentication (or Two-step verification) is a way of improving authentication security. When activated an extra step is added in the login process. In the first step, users are shown the standard username/password form. If they successfully pass this challenge by submitting the correct username and password, and two factor authentication is enabled for the user, the server will present a second form before logging them in.</p>
 <p>There are a few Auth settings available to control how two factor authentication works.</p>
 <p>The follow can be specified on Auth instantiation:</p>
@@ -255,7 +256,7 @@ <h3>Two Factor Authentication<a class="headerlink" href="#two-factor-authenticat
 <li><p>two_factor_send</p></li>
 </ul>
 <section id="two-factor-required">
-<h4>two_factor_required<a class="headerlink" href="#two-factor-required" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4>two_factor_required<a class="headerlink" href="#two-factor-required" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>When you pass a method name to the two_factor_filter parameter you are telling py4web to call that method to determine whether or not this login should be use or bypass two factor authentication.  If your method returns True, then this login requires two factor.  If it returns False, two factor authentication is bypassed for this login.</p>
 <p>Sample two_factor_filter method</p>
 <p>This example shows how to allow users that are on a specific network.</p>
@@ -277,7 +278,7 @@ <h4>two_factor_required<a class="headerlink" href="#two-factor-required" title="
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="two-factor-send">
-<h4>two_factor_send<a class="headerlink" href="#two-factor-send" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4>two_factor_send<a class="headerlink" href="#two-factor-send" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>When two factor authentication is active, py4web generates a 6 digit code (using random.randint) and sends it to you. How this code is sent, is up to you. The two_factor_send argument to the Auth class allows you to specify the method that sends the two factor code to the user.</p>
 <p>This example shows how to send an email with the two factor code:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">send_two_factor_email</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">user</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">code</span><span class="p">):</span>
@@ -301,7 +302,7 @@ <h4>two_factor_send<a class="headerlink" href="#two-factor-send" title="Permalin
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="two-factor-tries">
-<h4>two_factor_tries<a class="headerlink" href="#two-factor-tries" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4>two_factor_tries<a class="headerlink" href="#two-factor-tries" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>By default, the user has 3 attempts to pass two factor authentication. You can override this after using:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">auth</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">param</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">two_factor_tries</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">5</span>
 </pre></div>
@@ -324,7 +325,7 @@ <h4>two_factor_tries<a class="headerlink" href="#two-factor-tries" title="Permal
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="auth-plugins">
-<h3>Plugins de Autenticação<a class="headerlink" href="#auth-plugins" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Plugins de Autenticação<a class="headerlink" href="#auth-plugins" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Plugins are defined in “py4web/utils/auth_plugins” and they have a
 hierarchical structure. Some are exclusive and some are not. For example,
 default, LDAP, PAM, and SAML are exclusive (the developer has to pick
@@ -335,7 +336,7 @@ <h3>Plugins de Autenticação<a class="headerlink" href="#auth-plugins" title="P
 <p>In the _scaffold/settings.py and _scaffold/common.py files you can see
 the default settings for the supported plugins.</p>
 <section id="pam">
-<h4>PAM<a class="headerlink" href="#pam" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4>PAM<a class="headerlink" href="#pam" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>Configurando PAM é o mais fácil:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">py4web.utils.auth_plugins.pam_plugin</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">PamPlugin</span>
 <span class="n">auth</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">register_plugin</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">PamPlugin</span><span class="p">())</span>
@@ -352,7 +353,7 @@ <h4>PAM<a class="headerlink" href="#pam" title="Permalink to this heading"></
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="ldap">
-<h4>LDAP<a class="headerlink" href="#ldap" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4>LDAP<a class="headerlink" href="#ldap" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <p>This is a common authentication method, especially using Microsoft Active Directory in enterprises.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">py4web.utils.auth_plugins.ldap_plugin</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">LDAPPlugin</span>
 <span class="n">LDAP_SETTING</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span>
@@ -370,7 +371,7 @@ <h4>LDAP<a class="headerlink" href="#ldap" title="Permalink to this heading">
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="oauth2-with-google">
-<h4>OAuth2 with Google<a class="headerlink" href="#oauth2-with-google" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4>OAuth2 with Google<a class="headerlink" href="#oauth2-with-google" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">py4web.utils.auth_plugins.oauth2google</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">OAuth2Google</span> <span class="c1"># TESTED</span>
 <span class="n">auth</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">register_plugin</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">OAuth2Google</span><span class="p">(</span>
     <span class="n">client_id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">CLIENT_ID</span><span class="p">,</span>
@@ -381,7 +382,7 @@ <h4>OAuth2 with Google<a class="headerlink" href="#oauth2-with-google" title="Pe
 <p>O ID de cliente e segredo do cliente deve ser fornecido pelo Google.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="oauth2-with-facebook">
-<h4>OAuth2 with Facebook<a class="headerlink" href="#oauth2-with-facebook" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4>OAuth2 with Facebook<a class="headerlink" href="#oauth2-with-facebook" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">py4web.utils.auth_plugins.oauth2facebook</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">OAuth2Facebook</span> <span class="c1"># UNTESTED</span>
 <span class="n">auth</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">register_plugin</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">OAuth2Facebook</span><span class="p">(</span>
     <span class="n">client_id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">CLIENT_ID</span><span class="p">,</span>
@@ -392,7 +393,7 @@ <h4>OAuth2 with Facebook<a class="headerlink" href="#oauth2-with-facebook" title
 <p>O ID de cliente e segredo do cliente deve ser fornecido pelo Facebook.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="oauth2-with-discord">
-<h4>OAuth2 with Discord<a class="headerlink" href="#oauth2-with-discord" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h4>
+<h4>OAuth2 with Discord<a class="headerlink" href="#oauth2-with-discord" title="Link to this heading"></a></h4>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">py4web.utils.auth_plugins.oauth2discord</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">OAuth2Discord</span>
 <span class="n">auth</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">register_plugin</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">OAuth2Discord</span><span class="p">(</span>
     <span class="n">client_id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">DISCORD_CLIENT_ID</span><span class="p">,</span>
@@ -412,12 +413,12 @@ <h4>OAuth2 with Discord<a class="headerlink" href="#oauth2-with-discord" title="
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="authorization-using-tags">
-<h2>Authorization using Tags<a class="headerlink" href="#authorization-using-tags" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Authorization using Tags<a class="headerlink" href="#authorization-using-tags" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>As already mentioned, authorization is the process of verifying what specific
 applications, files, and data a user has access to. This is accomplished
 in py4web using <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Tags</span></code>.</p>
 <section id="tags-and-permissions">
-<h3>Etiquetas e permissões<a class="headerlink" href="#tags-and-permissions" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Etiquetas e permissões<a class="headerlink" href="#tags-and-permissions" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>Py4web provides a general purpose tagging
 mechanism that allows the developer to tag any record of any table,
 check for the existence of tags, as well as checking for records
@@ -492,7 +493,7 @@ <h3>Etiquetas e permissões<a class="headerlink" href="#tags-and-permissions" ti
 <p>This means that slashes have a special meaning for tags.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="multiple-tags-objects">
-<h3>Multiple Tags objects<a class="headerlink" href="#multiple-tags-objects" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Multiple Tags objects<a class="headerlink" href="#multiple-tags-objects" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <div class="admonition note">
 <p class="admonition-title">Nota</p>
 <p>One table can have multiple associated <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Tags</span></code> objects. The
@@ -534,6 +535,25 @@ <h3>Multiple Tags objects<a class="headerlink" href="#multiple-tags-objects" tit
 <p>Aviso aqui `` permissions.find (permissão) `` gera uma consulta para todos os grupos com a permissão e que ainda filtro desses grupos para aqueles do utilizador actual é membro da. Contamos eles e se encontrarmos qualquer, então o usuário tem a permissão.</p>
 </section>
 </section>
+<section id="user-impersonation">
+<h2>User Impersonation<a class="headerlink" href="#user-impersonation" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
+<p>It is possible to impersonate a user. As an example here is an action that, when called with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">?user_id={number}</span></code>
+start impersonation and when called without <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">?user_id</span></code> will stop impersonation:</p>
+<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nd">@action</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;impersonate&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="nd">@action</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">uses</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">auth</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">user</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">switch_impersonation</span><span class="p">():</span>
+    <span class="nb">id</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">request</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">query</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;user_id&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">auth</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">is_impersonating</span><span class="p">():</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">user_id</span> <span class="ow">or</span> <span class="n">auth</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">user_id</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="n">user_id</span><span class="p">:</span>
+         <span class="n">auth</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stop_impersonation</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">next_url</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">URL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;index&quot;</span><span class="p">))</span>
+    <span class="c1"># if we are not impersonating and a user email is specificed</span>
+    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">auth</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">is_impersonating</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">user_id</span><span class="p">:</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">db</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">auth_user</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">id</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">user_id</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="n">count</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">:</span>
+             <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="n">HTTP</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">404</span><span class="p">)</span>
+        <span class="n">auth</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">impersonate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">user_id</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">next_url</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">URL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;index&quot;</span><span class="p">))</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</section>
 </section>
 
 
@@ -572,7 +592,7 @@ <h3>Multiple Tags objects<a class="headerlink" href="#multiple-tags-objects" tit
      <label for="switch"></label>
      </span>
       
-      v: 1.20230507.1
+      v: 1.20230718.1
       <span class="fa fa-caret-down"></span>
     </span>
     <div class="rst-other-versions">
diff --git a/apps/_documentation/static/pt/chapter-14.html b/apps/_documentation/static/pt/chapter-14.html
index 934dc443c..cfbff65b1 100644
--- a/apps/_documentation/static/pt/chapter-14.html
+++ b/apps/_documentation/static/pt/chapter-14.html
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html class="writer-html5" lang="pt" >
 <head>
-  <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.19: https://docutils.sourceforge.io/" />
+  <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.18.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" />
 
   <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
-  <title>Rede &mdash; Documentação py4web 1.20230507.1</title>
+  <title>Rede &mdash; Documentação py4web 1.20230718.1</title>
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" />
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/css/theme.css" type="text/css" />
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/tabs.css" type="text/css" />
@@ -14,13 +14,13 @@
     <script src="_static/js/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
   <![endif]-->
   
-        <script src="_static/jquery.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js"></script>
-        <script data-url_root="./" id="documentation_options" src="_static/documentation_options.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/doctools.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/translations.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/js/toggle.js"></script>
+        <script src="_static/jquery.js?v=5d32c60e"></script>
+        <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js?v=2cd50e6c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/documentation_options.js?v=058a9de4"></script>
+        <script src="_static/doctools.js?v=888ff710"></script>
+        <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js?v=dc90522c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/translations.js?v=3b002d5c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/js/toggle.js?v=e1b5a5a1"></script>
     <script src="_static/js/theme.js"></script>
     <link rel="index" title="Índice" href="genindex.html" />
     <link rel="search" title="Pesquisar" href="search.html" />
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
               <img src="_static/logo.png" class="logo" alt="Logo"/>
           </a>
               <div class="version">
-                1.20230507.1
+                1.20230718.1
               </div>
 <div role="search">
   <form id="rtd-search-form" class="wy-form" action="search.html" method="get">
@@ -114,12 +114,12 @@
            <div itemprop="articleBody">
              
   <section id="grid">
-<h1>Rede<a class="headerlink" href="#grid" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h1>
+<h1>Rede<a class="headerlink" href="#grid" title="Link to this heading"></a></h1>
 <p>py4web comes with a Grid object providing grid and CRUD (create, update and delete) capabilities.
 This allows you to quickly and safely provide an interface to your data. Since it’s also
 highly customizable, it’s the corner stone of most py4web’s applications.</p>
 <section id="key-features">
-<h2>Key features<a class="headerlink" href="#key-features" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Key features<a class="headerlink" href="#key-features" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <ul class="simple">
 <li><p>CRUD completa com Confirmação de exclusão</p></li>
 <li><p>Clique cabeças de coluna para classificar - clique novamente para DESC</p></li>
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ <h2>Key features<a class="headerlink" href="#key-features" title="Permalink to t
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="basic-grid-example">
-<h2>Basic grid example<a class="headerlink" href="#basic-grid-example" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Basic grid example<a class="headerlink" href="#basic-grid-example" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>In this simple example we will make a grid over the superhero table.</p>
 <p>Create a new minimal app called <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">grid</span></code>. Change it with the following content.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># in grid/__init__.py</span>
@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ <h2>Basic grid example<a class="headerlink" href="#basic-grid-example" title="Pe
 And don’t forget Jim Steil’s detailed tutorial on <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/jpsteil/grid_tutorial">https://github.com/jpsteil/grid_tutorial</a>.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="the-grid-object">
-<h2>The Grid object<a class="headerlink" href="#the-grid-object" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>The Grid object<a class="headerlink" href="#the-grid-object" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Grid</span><span class="p">:</span>
    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span>
       <span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span>
@@ -329,7 +329,7 @@ <h2>The Grid object<a class="headerlink" href="#the-grid-object" title="Permalin
 </div>
 <p>See also <a class="reference internal" href="#using-callable-parameters"><span class="std std-ref">Using callable parameters</span></a> later on.</p>
 <section id="searching-and-filtering">
-<h3>Searching and filtering<a class="headerlink" href="#searching-and-filtering" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Searching and filtering<a class="headerlink" href="#searching-and-filtering" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>There are two ways to build a search form:</p>
 <ul class="simple">
 <li><p>Fornecer uma lista search_queries</p></li>
@@ -345,7 +345,7 @@ <h3>Searching and filtering<a class="headerlink" href="#searching-and-filtering"
 <p>No entanto, se isso não lhe dá flexibilidade suficiente, você pode fornecer o seu próprio formulário de busca e lidar com toda a filtragem (construção das consultas) por si mesmo.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="crud-settings">
-<h3>CRUD settings<a class="headerlink" href="#crud-settings" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>CRUD settings<a class="headerlink" href="#crud-settings" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>The grid provides CRUD (create, read, update and delete) capabilities
 utilizing py4web Form.
 You can turn off CRUD features by setting
@@ -354,7 +354,7 @@ <h3>CRUD settings<a class="headerlink" href="#crud-settings" title="Permalink to
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="custom-columns">
-<h2>Custom columns<a class="headerlink" href="#custom-columns" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Custom columns<a class="headerlink" href="#custom-columns" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>If the grid does not involve a join but displays results from a single table
 you can specify a list of columns. Columns are highly customizable.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">py4web.utils.grid</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Column</span>
@@ -389,7 +389,7 @@ <h2>Custom columns<a class="headerlink" href="#custom-columns" title="Permalink
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="using-templates">
-<h2>Usando templates<a class="headerlink" href="#using-templates" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Usando templates<a class="headerlink" href="#using-templates" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>Use o seguinte para tornar a sua grid ou formas CRUD em seus templates.</p>
 <p>Mostrar a grid ou um formulário CRUD</p>
 <div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>[[=grid.render()]]
@@ -420,7 +420,7 @@ <h2>Usando templates<a class="headerlink" href="#using-templates" title="Permali
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="customizing-style">
-<h2>Customizing style<a class="headerlink" href="#customizing-style" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Customizing style<a class="headerlink" href="#customizing-style" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>Você pode fornecer suas próprias formstyle ou grid classes e estilo ao grid.</p>
 <ul class="simple">
 <li><p>formstyle é o mesmo que um formstyle Forma, usadas para as formas estilo CRUD.</p></li>
@@ -433,7 +433,7 @@ <h2>Customizing style<a class="headerlink" href="#customizing-style" title="Perm
 your choice. Unfortunately, one based on <strong>bootstrap</strong> is still missing.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="custom-action-buttons">
-<h2>Ação personalizada Botões<a class="headerlink" href="#custom-action-buttons" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Ação personalizada Botões<a class="headerlink" href="#custom-action-buttons" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>As with web2py, you can add additional buttons to each row in your grid.
 You do this by providing <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pre_action_buttons</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">post_action_buttons</span></code> to
 the Grid <strong>init</strong> method.</p>
@@ -446,7 +446,7 @@ <h2>Ação personalizada Botões<a class="headerlink" href="#custom-action-butto
 <p>You can build your own Action Button class to pass to pre/post action
 buttons based on the template below (this is not provided with py4web).</p>
 <section id="sample-action-button-class">
-<h3>Botão Classe Ação Amostra<a class="headerlink" href="#sample-action-button-class" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Botão Classe Ação Amostra<a class="headerlink" href="#sample-action-button-class" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">GridActionButton</span><span class="p">:</span>
  <span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span>
      <span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span>
@@ -508,7 +508,7 @@ <h3>Botão Classe Ação Amostra<a class="headerlink" href="#sample-action-butto
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="using-callable-parameters">
-<h3>Using callable parameters<a class="headerlink" href="#using-callable-parameters" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Using callable parameters<a class="headerlink" href="#using-callable-parameters" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>A recent improvement to py4web allows you to pass a <strong>callable</strong> instead of a GridActionButton. This allow you to more easily change the behaviour
 of standard and custom Actions.</p>
 <p>Callable can be used with:</p>
@@ -558,7 +558,7 @@ <h3>Using callable parameters<a class="headerlink" href="#using-callable-paramet
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="reference-fields">
-<h2>Os campos de referência<a class="headerlink" href="#reference-fields" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Os campos de referência<a class="headerlink" href="#reference-fields" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>Ao exibir campos em uma tabela PyDAL, às vezes você deseja exibir um campo mais descritivo do que um valor de chave estrangeira. Há um par de maneiras de lidar com isso com a grid py4web.</p>
 <p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">filter_out</span></code> on PyDAL field definition - here is an example of a foreign
 key field</p>
@@ -625,7 +625,7 @@ <h2>Os campos de referência<a class="headerlink" href="#reference-fields" title
      <label for="switch"></label>
      </span>
       
-      v: 1.20230507.1
+      v: 1.20230718.1
       <span class="fa fa-caret-down"></span>
     </span>
     <div class="rst-other-versions">
diff --git a/apps/_documentation/static/pt/chapter-15.html b/apps/_documentation/static/pt/chapter-15.html
index 4cbfedf84..080964f0f 100644
--- a/apps/_documentation/static/pt/chapter-15.html
+++ b/apps/_documentation/static/pt/chapter-15.html
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html class="writer-html5" lang="pt" >
 <head>
-  <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.19: https://docutils.sourceforge.io/" />
+  <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.18.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" />
 
   <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
-  <title>De web2py para py4web &mdash; Documentação py4web 1.20230507.1</title>
+  <title>De web2py para py4web &mdash; Documentação py4web 1.20230718.1</title>
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" />
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/css/theme.css" type="text/css" />
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/tabs.css" type="text/css" />
@@ -14,13 +14,13 @@
     <script src="_static/js/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
   <![endif]-->
   
-        <script src="_static/jquery.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js"></script>
-        <script data-url_root="./" id="documentation_options" src="_static/documentation_options.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/doctools.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/translations.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/js/toggle.js"></script>
+        <script src="_static/jquery.js?v=5d32c60e"></script>
+        <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js?v=2cd50e6c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/documentation_options.js?v=058a9de4"></script>
+        <script src="_static/doctools.js?v=888ff710"></script>
+        <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js?v=dc90522c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/translations.js?v=3b002d5c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/js/toggle.js?v=e1b5a5a1"></script>
     <script src="_static/js/theme.js"></script>
     <link rel="index" title="Índice" href="genindex.html" />
     <link rel="search" title="Pesquisar" href="search.html" />
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
               <img src="_static/logo.png" class="logo" alt="Logo"/>
           </a>
               <div class="version">
-                1.20230507.1
+                1.20230718.1
               </div>
 <div role="search">
   <form id="rtd-search-form" class="wy-form" action="search.html" method="get">
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@
            <div itemprop="articleBody">
              
   <section id="from-web2py-to-py4web">
-<h1>De web2py para py4web<a class="headerlink" href="#from-web2py-to-py4web" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h1>
+<h1>De web2py para py4web<a class="headerlink" href="#from-web2py-to-py4web" title="Link to this heading"></a></h1>
 <p>Este capítulo é dedicado a ajudar os usuários para portar aplicativos web2py antigos para py4web.</p>
 <p>Web2py and py4web share many similarities and some differences. For example they share the same
 database abstraction layer (pyDAL) which means pydal table definitions and queries are identical
@@ -199,9 +199,9 @@ <h1>De web2py para py4web<a class="headerlink" href="#from-web2py-to-py4web" tit
 may change in the future.</p></li>
 </ul>
 <section id="simple-conversion-examples">
-<h2>Simple conversion examples<a class="headerlink" href="#simple-conversion-examples" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>Simple conversion examples<a class="headerlink" href="#simple-conversion-examples" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <section id="hello-world-example">
-<h3>“Hello world” example<a class="headerlink" href="#hello-world-example" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>“Hello world” example<a class="headerlink" href="#hello-world-example" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p><strong>web2py</strong></p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># in controllers/default.py</span>
 <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">index</span><span class="p">():</span>
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ <h3>“Hello world” example<a class="headerlink" href="#hello-world-example" t
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="redirect-with-variables-example">
-<h3>“Redirect with variables” example<a class="headerlink" href="#redirect-with-variables-example" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>“Redirect with variables” example<a class="headerlink" href="#redirect-with-variables-example" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p><strong>web2py</strong></p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">request</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_vars</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span>
 <span class="n">request</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">post_vars</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span>
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ <h3>“Redirect with variables” example<a class="headerlink" href="#redirect-w
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="returning-variables-example">
-<h3>“Returning variables” example<a class="headerlink" href="#returning-variables-example" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>“Returning variables” example<a class="headerlink" href="#returning-variables-example" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p><strong>web2py</strong></p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">index</span><span class="p">():</span>
    <span class="n">a</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">request</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_vars</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">a</span>
@@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ <h3>“Returning variables” example<a class="headerlink" href="#returning-vari
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="returning-args-example">
-<h3>“Returning args” example<a class="headerlink" href="#returning-args-example" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>“Returning args” example<a class="headerlink" href="#returning-args-example" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p><strong>web2py</strong></p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">index</span><span class="p">():</span>
    <span class="n">a</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">b</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">c</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">request</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">args</span>
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ <h3>“Returning args” example<a class="headerlink" href="#returning-args-exam
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="return-calling-methods-example">
-<h3>“Return calling methods” example<a class="headerlink" href="#return-calling-methods-example" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>“Return calling methods” example<a class="headerlink" href="#return-calling-methods-example" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p><strong>web2py</strong></p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">index</span><span class="p">():</span>
    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">request</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">method</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">&quot;GET&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span>
@@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ <h3>“Return calling methods” example<a class="headerlink" href="#return-call
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="setting-up-a-counter-example">
-<h3>“Setting up a counter” example<a class="headerlink" href="#setting-up-a-counter-example" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>“Setting up a counter” example<a class="headerlink" href="#setting-up-a-counter-example" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p><strong>web2py</strong></p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">counter</span><span class="p">():</span>
    <span class="n">session</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">counter</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">session</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">counter</span> <span class="ow">or</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ <h3>“Setting up a counter” example<a class="headerlink" href="#setting-up-a-
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="view-example">
-<h3>“View” example<a class="headerlink" href="#view-example" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>“View” example<a class="headerlink" href="#view-example" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p><strong>web2py</strong></p>
 <div class="highlight-html notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>{{ extend &#39;layout.html&#39; }}
 <span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">div</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
@@ -328,7 +328,7 @@ <h3>“View” example<a class="headerlink" href="#view-example" title="Permalin
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="form-and-flash-example">
-<h3>“Form and flash” example<a class="headerlink" href="#form-and-flash-example" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>“Form and flash” example<a class="headerlink" href="#form-and-flash-example" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p><strong>web2py</strong></p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">define_table</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;thing&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Field</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;name&#39;</span><span class="p">))</span>
 
@@ -368,7 +368,7 @@ <h3>“Form and flash” example<a class="headerlink" href="#form-and-flash-exam
 So if you instantiate multiple Flash objects they share their data.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="grid-example">
-<h3>“grid” example<a class="headerlink" href="#grid-example" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>“grid” example<a class="headerlink" href="#grid-example" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p><strong>web2py</strong></p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">index</span><span class="p">():</span>
    <span class="n">grid</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">SQLFORM</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">grid</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">thing</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">editable</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
@@ -386,7 +386,7 @@ <h3>“grid” example<a class="headerlink" href="#grid-example" title="Permalin
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="accessing-os-files-example">
-<h3>“Accessing OS files” example<a class="headerlink" href="#accessing-os-files-example" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>“Accessing OS files” example<a class="headerlink" href="#accessing-os-files-example" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p><strong>web2py</strong></p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">file_path</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">folder</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;file.csv&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
 </pre></div>
@@ -398,7 +398,7 @@ <h3>“Accessing OS files” example<a class="headerlink" href="#accessing-os-fi
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="auth-example">
-<h3>“auth” example<a class="headerlink" href="#auth-example" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>“auth” example<a class="headerlink" href="#auth-example" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p><strong>web2py</strong></p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">auth</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Auth</span><span class="p">()</span>
 <span class="n">auth</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">define_tables</span><span class="p">()</span>
@@ -489,7 +489,7 @@ <h3>“auth” example<a class="headerlink" href="#auth-example" title="Permalin
      <label for="switch"></label>
      </span>
       
-      v: 1.20230507.1
+      v: 1.20230718.1
       <span class="fa fa-caret-down"></span>
     </span>
     <div class="rst-other-versions">
diff --git a/apps/_documentation/static/pt/chapter-16.html b/apps/_documentation/static/pt/chapter-16.html
index 41ac0c4cf..ed33513cd 100644
--- a/apps/_documentation/static/pt/chapter-16.html
+++ b/apps/_documentation/static/pt/chapter-16.html
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html class="writer-html5" lang="pt" >
 <head>
-  <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.19: https://docutils.sourceforge.io/" />
+  <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.18.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" />
 
   <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
-  <title>Advanced topics and examples &mdash; Documentação py4web 1.20230507.1</title>
+  <title>Advanced topics and examples &mdash; Documentação py4web 1.20230718.1</title>
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" />
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/css/theme.css" type="text/css" />
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/tabs.css" type="text/css" />
@@ -14,13 +14,13 @@
     <script src="_static/js/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
   <![endif]-->
   
-        <script src="_static/jquery.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js"></script>
-        <script data-url_root="./" id="documentation_options" src="_static/documentation_options.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/doctools.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/translations.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/js/toggle.js"></script>
+        <script src="_static/jquery.js?v=5d32c60e"></script>
+        <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js?v=2cd50e6c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/documentation_options.js?v=058a9de4"></script>
+        <script src="_static/doctools.js?v=888ff710"></script>
+        <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js?v=dc90522c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/translations.js?v=3b002d5c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/js/toggle.js?v=e1b5a5a1"></script>
     <script src="_static/js/theme.js"></script>
     <link rel="index" title="Índice" href="genindex.html" />
     <link rel="search" title="Pesquisar" href="search.html" />
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
               <img src="_static/logo.png" class="logo" alt="Logo"/>
           </a>
               <div class="version">
-                1.20230507.1
+                1.20230718.1
               </div>
 <div role="search">
   <form id="rtd-search-form" class="wy-form" action="search.html" method="get">
@@ -110,9 +110,9 @@
            <div itemprop="articleBody">
              
   <section id="advanced-topics-and-examples">
-<h1>Advanced topics and examples<a class="headerlink" href="#advanced-topics-and-examples" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h1>
+<h1>Advanced topics and examples<a class="headerlink" href="#advanced-topics-and-examples" title="Link to this heading"></a></h1>
 <section id="py4web-and-asyncio">
-<h2>py4web and asyncio<a class="headerlink" href="#py4web-and-asyncio" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>py4web and asyncio<a class="headerlink" href="#py4web-and-asyncio" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>Asyncio is not strictly needed, at least for most of the normal use
 cases where it will add problems more than value because of its concurrency model.
 On the other hand, we think py4web needs a built-in websocket async based solution.</p>
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ <h2>py4web and asyncio<a class="headerlink" href="#py4web-and-asyncio" title="Pe
 not all the adapters work with async.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="htmx">
-<h2>htmx<a class="headerlink" href="#htmx" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>htmx<a class="headerlink" href="#htmx" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>There are many javascript front-end frameworks available today that allow you great flexibility
 over how you design your web client. Vue, React and Angular are just a few.  However, the
 complexity in building one of these systems prevents many developers from reaping those benefits.
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ <h2>htmx<a class="headerlink" href="#htmx" title="Permalink to this heading">
 <li><p>Includes an htmx attributes plugin for the py4web grid</p></li>
 </ol>
 <section id="htmx-usage-in-form">
-<h3>htmx usage in Form<a class="headerlink" href="#htmx-usage-in-form" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>htmx usage in Form<a class="headerlink" href="#htmx-usage-in-form" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>The py4web Form class allows you to pass **kwargs to it that will be passed along as attributes to the html
 form. For example, to add the hx-post and hx-target to the &lt;form&gt; element you would use:</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">attrs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span>
@@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ <h3>htmx usage in Form<a class="headerlink" href="#htmx-usage-in-form" title="Pe
 required htmx attributes to make sure the htmx_list page is rendered inside the htmx-form-demo DIV.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="htmx-usage-in-grid">
-<h3>htmx usage in Grid<a class="headerlink" href="#htmx-usage-in-grid" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>htmx usage in Grid<a class="headerlink" href="#htmx-usage-in-grid" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>The py4web grid provides an attributes plugin system that allows you to build plugins to provide custom attributes
 for form elements, anchor elements or confirmation messages. py4web also provide an attributes plugin specifically for
 htmx.</p>
@@ -303,7 +303,7 @@ <h3>htmx usage in Grid<a class="headerlink" href="#htmx-usage-in-grid" title="Pe
 Now the forms, links and delete confirmations are all handled by htmx.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="autocomplete-widget-using-htmx">
-<h3>Autocomplete Widget using htmx<a class="headerlink" href="#autocomplete-widget-using-htmx" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>Autocomplete Widget using htmx<a class="headerlink" href="#autocomplete-widget-using-htmx" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>htmx can be used for much more than just form/grid processing. In this example we’ll take advantage of htmx and the
 py4web form widgets to build an autocomplete widget that can be used in your forms. <em>NOTE: this is just an example, none
 of this code comes with py4web</em></p>
@@ -507,18 +507,18 @@ <h3>Autocomplete Widget using htmx<a class="headerlink" href="#autocomplete-widg
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="utils-js">
-<h2>utils.js<a class="headerlink" href="#utils-js" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
+<h2>utils.js<a class="headerlink" href="#utils-js" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
 <p>Multiple times in this documentation we have mentioned utils.js which comes with the scaffolding application,
 yet we never clearly listed what is in there. So here it is.</p>
 <section id="string-format">
-<h3>string.format<a class="headerlink" href="#string-format" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>string.format<a class="headerlink" href="#string-format" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>It extends the String object prototype to allow expressions like this:</p>
 <div class="highlight-javascript notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">&quot;hello {name}&quot;</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;Max&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span>
 </pre></div>
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="the-q-object">
-<h3>The Q object<a class="headerlink" href="#the-q-object" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>The Q object<a class="headerlink" href="#the-q-object" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>The Q object can be used like a selector supporting jQuery like syntax:</p>
 <div class="highlight-javascript notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">element</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">Q</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;#element-id&quot;</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">];</span>
 <span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">selected_elements</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">Q</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;.element-class&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span>
@@ -602,7 +602,7 @@ <h3>The Q object<a class="headerlink" href="#the-q-object" title="Permalink to t
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="the-t-object">
-<h3>The T object<a class="headerlink" href="#the-t-object" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
+<h3>The T object<a class="headerlink" href="#the-t-object" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
 <p>This is a Javascript reimplementation of the Python pluralize library in Python
 which is used by the Python T object in py4web. So basically a client-side T.</p>
 <div class="highlight-javascript notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nx">T</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">translations</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="s1">&#39;dog&#39;</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">&#39;no cane&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">&#39;un case&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">2</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">&#39;{n} cani&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">10</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">&#39;tanti cani&#39;</span><span class="p">}};</span>
@@ -757,7 +757,7 @@ <h3>The T object<a class="headerlink" href="#the-t-object" title="Permalink to t
      <label for="switch"></label>
      </span>
       
-      v: 1.20230507.1
+      v: 1.20230718.1
       <span class="fa fa-caret-down"></span>
     </span>
     <div class="rst-other-versions">
diff --git a/apps/_documentation/static/pt/genindex.html b/apps/_documentation/static/pt/genindex.html
index 127eb801e..9f3ff1a45 100644
--- a/apps/_documentation/static/pt/genindex.html
+++ b/apps/_documentation/static/pt/genindex.html
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 <head>
   <meta charset="utf-8" />
   <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
-  <title>Índice &mdash; Documentação py4web 1.20230507.1</title>
+  <title>Índice &mdash; Documentação py4web 1.20230718.1</title>
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" />
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/css/theme.css" type="text/css" />
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/tabs.css" type="text/css" />
@@ -13,14 +13,14 @@
     <script src="_static/js/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
   <![endif]-->
   
-        <script src="_static/jquery.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js"></script>
-        <script data-url_root="./" id="documentation_options" src="_static/documentation_options.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/doctools.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/tabs.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/translations.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/js/toggle.js"></script>
+        <script src="_static/jquery.js?v=5d32c60e"></script>
+        <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js?v=2cd50e6c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/documentation_options.js?v=058a9de4"></script>
+        <script src="_static/doctools.js?v=888ff710"></script>
+        <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js?v=dc90522c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/tabs.js?v=3030b3cb"></script>
+        <script src="_static/translations.js?v=3b002d5c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/js/toggle.js?v=e1b5a5a1"></script>
     <script src="_static/js/theme.js"></script>
     <link rel="index" title="Índice" href="#" />
     <link rel="search" title="Pesquisar" href="search.html" /> 
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
               <img src="_static/logo.png" class="logo" alt="Logo"/>
           </a>
               <div class="version">
-                1.20230507.1
+                1.20230718.1
               </div>
 <div role="search">
   <form id="rtd-search-form" class="wy-form" action="search.html" method="get">
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ <h1 id="index">Índice</h1>
      <label for="switch"></label>
      </span>
       
-      v: 1.20230507.1
+      v: 1.20230718.1
       <span class="fa fa-caret-down"></span>
     </span>
     <div class="rst-other-versions">
diff --git a/apps/_documentation/static/pt/index.html b/apps/_documentation/static/pt/index.html
index 2e5d37860..9ec44f504 100644
--- a/apps/_documentation/static/pt/index.html
+++ b/apps/_documentation/static/pt/index.html
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html class="writer-html5" lang="pt" >
 <head>
-  <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.19: https://docutils.sourceforge.io/" />
+  <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.18.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" />
 
   <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
-  <title>py4web: o manual de referência &mdash; Documentação py4web 1.20230507.1</title>
+  <title>py4web: o manual de referência &mdash; Documentação py4web 1.20230718.1</title>
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" />
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/css/theme.css" type="text/css" />
       <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/tabs.css" type="text/css" />
@@ -14,13 +14,13 @@
     <script src="_static/js/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
   <![endif]-->
   
-        <script src="_static/jquery.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js"></script>
-        <script data-url_root="./" id="documentation_options" src="_static/documentation_options.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/doctools.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/translations.js"></script>
-        <script src="_static/js/toggle.js"></script>
+        <script src="_static/jquery.js?v=5d32c60e"></script>
+        <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js?v=2cd50e6c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/documentation_options.js?v=058a9de4"></script>
+        <script src="_static/doctools.js?v=888ff710"></script>
+        <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js?v=dc90522c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/translations.js?v=3b002d5c"></script>
+        <script src="_static/js/toggle.js?v=e1b5a5a1"></script>
     <script src="_static/js/theme.js"></script>
     <link rel="index" title="Índice" href="genindex.html" />
     <link rel="search" title="Pesquisar" href="search.html" />
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
               <img src="_static/logo.png" class="logo" alt="Logo"/>
           </a>
               <div class="version">
-                1.20230507.1
+                1.20230718.1
               </div>
 <div role="search">
   <form id="rtd-search-form" class="wy-form" action="search.html" method="get">
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@
            <div itemprop="articleBody">
              
   <section id="py4web-the-reference-manual">
-<h1>py4web: o manual de referência<a class="headerlink" href="#py4web-the-reference-manual" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h1>
+<h1>py4web: o manual de referência<a class="headerlink" href="#py4web-the-reference-manual" title="Link to this heading"></a></h1>
 <div class="toctree-wrapper compound">
 <p class="caption" role="heading"><span class="caption-text">Conteúdo:</span></p>
 <ul>
@@ -206,6 +206,7 @@ <h1>py4web: o manual de referência<a class="headerlink" href="#py4web-the-refer
 <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="chapter-13.html">Authentication and authorization</a><ul>
 <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="chapter-13.html#authentication-using-auth">Authentication using Auth</a></li>
 <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="chapter-13.html#authorization-using-tags">Authorization using Tags</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="chapter-13.html#user-impersonation">User Impersonation</a></li>
 </ul>
 </li>
 <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="chapter-14.html">Rede</a><ul>
@@ -233,7 +234,7 @@ <h1>py4web: o manual de referência<a class="headerlink" href="#py4web-the-refer
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="indices-and-tables">
-<h1>Índices e tabelas<a class="headerlink" href="#indices-and-tables" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h1>
+<h1>Índices e tabelas<a class="headerlink" href="#indices-and-tables" title="Link to this heading"></a></h1>
 <ul class="simple">
 <li><p>: Ref: <cite>genindex</cite></p></li>
 <li><p>: Ref: <cite>modindex</cite></p></li>
@@ -276,7 +277,7 @@ <h1>Índices e tabelas<a class="headerlink" href="#indices-and-tables" title="Pe
      <label for="switch"></label>
      </span>
       
-      v: 1.20230507.1
+      v: 1.20230718.1
       <span class="fa fa-caret-down"></span>
     </span>
     <div class="rst-other-versions">
diff --git a/apps/_documentation/static/pt/objects.inv b/apps/_documentation/static/pt/objects.inv
index 45d5e01e8..a25a2310d 100644
Binary files a/apps/_documentation/static/pt/objects.inv and b/apps/_documentation/static/pt/objects.inv differ
diff --git a/apps/_documentation/static/pt/search.html b/apps/_documentation/static/pt/search.html
index 5a8463000..007f18d2d 100644
--- a/apps/_documentation/static/pt/search.html
+++ b/apps/_documentation/static/pt/search.html
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 <head>
   <meta charset="utf-8" />
   <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
-  <title>Pesquisar &mdash; Documentação py4web 1.20230507.1</title>
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diff --git a/apps/_documentation/static/pt/searchindex.js b/apps/_documentation/static/pt/searchindex.js
index 483023026..34f663ba2 100644
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"calling": 14, "setting": 14, "up": 14, "view": 14, "accessing": 14, "OS": 14, "topics": 15, "asynci": 15, "htmx": 15, "usag": 15, "autocomplet": 15, "widget": 15, "utils": 15, "js": 15, "string": 15, "q": 15, "t": 15, "conte\u00fad": 16}, "envversion": {"sphinx.domains.c": 2, "sphinx.domains.changeset": 1, "sphinx.domains.citation": 1, "sphinx.domains.cpp": 8, "sphinx.domains.index": 1, "sphinx.domains.javascript": 2, "sphinx.domains.math": 2, "sphinx.domains.python": 3, "sphinx.domains.rst": 2, "sphinx.domains.std": 2, "sphinx": 57}, "alltitles": {"O que \u00e9 py4web?": [[0, "what-is-py4web"]], "Acknowledgments": [[0, "acknowledgments"]], "Ajuda, recursos e dicas": [[1, "help-resources-and-hints"]], "Recursos": [[1, "resources"]], "Este manual": [[1, "this-manual"]], "O grupo Google": [[1, "the-google-group"]], "The Discord server": [[1, "the-discord-server"]], "Tutoriais e v\u00eddeo": [[1, "tutorials-and-video"]], "As fontes no GitHub": [[1, "the-sources-on-github"]], "Dicas e sugest\u00f5es": [[1, "hints-and-tips"]], "Pr\u00e9-requisitos": [[1, "prerequisites"]], "Um local de trabalho python moderna": [[1, "a-modern-python-workplace"]], "Depura\u00e7\u00e3o py4web com VScode": [[1, "debugging-py4web-with-vscode"]], "Depura\u00e7\u00e3o py4web com PyCharm": [[1, "debugging-py4web-with-pycharm"]], "Como contribuir": [[1, "how-to-contribute"]], "Instala\u00e7\u00e3o e coloca\u00e7\u00e3o em funcionamento": [[2, "installation-and-startup"]], "Understanding the design": [[2, "understanding-the-design"]], "Plataformas e pr\u00e9-requisitos suportados": [[2, "supported-platforms-and-prerequisites"]], "Procedimentos de configura\u00e7\u00e3o": [[2, "setup-procedures"]], "Instalando a partir de bin\u00e1rios": [[2, "installing-from-binaries"]], "Instalando a partir de pip": [[2, "installing-from-pip"]], "Installing using a virtual environment": [[2, "installing-using-a-virtual-environment"]], "Instala\u00e7\u00e3o de fonte (globalmente)": [[2, "installing-from-source-globally"]], "Instalando a partir de fonte (localmente)": [[2, "installing-from-source-locally"]], "Melhoramento": [[2, "upgrading"]], "Primeira corrida": [[2, "first-run"]], "Op\u00e7\u00f5es de linha de comando": [[2, "command-line-options"]], "Op\u00e7\u00e3o `` comando call``": [[2, "call-command-option"]], "Op\u00e7\u00e3o `` comando new_app``": [[2, "new-app-command-option"]], "Op\u00e7\u00e3o `` comando run``": [[2, "run-command-option"]], "Op\u00e7\u00e3o `` comando set_password``": [[2, "set-password-command-option"]], "Op\u00e7\u00e3o `` comando setup``": [[2, "setup-command-option"]], "Op\u00e7\u00e3o `` comando shell``": [[2, "shell-command-option"]], "Op\u00e7\u00e3o `` comando version``": [[2, "version-command-option"]], "Special installations": [[2, "special-installations"]], "HTTPS": [[2, "https"]], "WSGI": [[2, "wsgi"]], "Deployment on GCloud (aka GAE - Google App Engine)": [[2, "deployment-on-gcloud-aka-gae-google-app-engine"]], "Implanta\u00e7\u00e3o em PythonAnywhere.com": [[2, "deployment-on-pythonanywhere-com"]], "Deployment on Docker/Podman": [[2, "deployment-on-docker-podman"]], "Deployment on Ubuntu": [[2, "deployment-on-ubuntu"]], "O Dashboard": [[3, "the-dashboard"]], "A p\u00e1gina Web principal": [[3, "the-main-web-page"]], "Sess\u00e3o no Dashboard": [[3, "login-into-the-dashboard"]], "Criando seu primeiro aplicativo": [[4, "creating-your-first-app"]], "Do princ\u00edpio": [[4, "from-scratch"]], "P\u00e1ginas est\u00e1ticas": [[4, "static-web-pages"]], "P\u00e1ginas web din\u00e2micas": [[4, "dynamic-web-pages"]], "Em valores de retorno": [[4, "on-return-values"]], "Rotas": [[4, "routes"]], "O objeto `` request``": [[4, "the-request-object"]], "Modelos": [[4, "templates"]], "The _scaffold app": [[4, "the-scaffold-app"]], "Copying the _scaffold app": [[4, "copying-the-scaffold-app"]], "Watch for files change": [[4, "watch-for-files-change"]], "Fixures": [[5, "fixtures"]], "Using Fixtures": [[5, "using-fixtures"]], "The Template fixture": [[5, "the-template-fixture"]], "The Inject fixture": [[5, "the-inject-fixture"]], "The Translator fixture": [[5, "the-translator-fixture"]], "O fixture flash": [[5, "the-flash-fixture"]], "The Session fixture": [[5, "the-session-fixture"]], "Client-side session in cookies": [[5, "client-side-session-in-cookies"]], "Server-side session in memcache": [[5, "server-side-session-in-memcache"]], "Server-side session in Redis": [[5, "server-side-session-in-redis"]], "Server-side session in database": [[5, "server-side-session-in-database"]], "Server-side session anywhere": [[5, "server-side-session-anywhere"]], "Sharing sessions": [[5, "sharing-sessions"]], "The Condition fixture": [[5, "the-condition-fixture"]], "The URLsigner fixture": [[5, "the-urlsigner-fixture"]], "O fixture DAL": [[5, "the-dal-fixture"]], "The Auth fixture": [[5, "the-auth-fixture"]], "Caveats about fixtures": [[5, "caveats-about-fixtures"]], "Fixtures personalizados": [[5, "custom-fixtures"]], "Multiple fixtures": [[5, "multiple-fixtures"]], "Caching e Memoize": [[5, "caching-and-memoize"]], "Decoradores de conveni\u00eancia": [[5, "convenience-decorators"]], "The Database Abstraction Layer (DAL)": [[6, "the-database-abstraction-layer-dal"]], "DAL introduction": [[6, "dal-introduction"]], "py4web model": [[6, "py4web-model"]], "Supported databases": [[6, "supported-databases"]], "The DAL: a quick tour": [[6, "the-dal-a-quick-tour"]], "Usando o DAL \u201cstand-alone\u201d": [[6, "using-the-dal-stand-alone"]], "Experimentar com o shell py4web": [[6, "experiment-with-the-py4web-shell"]], "Construtor DAL": [[6, "dal-constructor"]], "Assinatura da DAL": [[6, "dal-signature"]], "Strings de conex\u00e3o (o par\u00e2metro uri)": [[6, "connection-strings-the-uri-parameter"]], "O pool de conex\u00f5es": [[6, "connection-pooling"]], "Falhas de conex\u00e3o (par\u00e2metro tentativas)": [[6, "connection-failures-attempts-parameter"]], "Tabelas pregui\u00e7osos": 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Format``: representa\u00e7\u00e3o da ficha": [[6, "format-record-representation"]], "`` Rname``: nome real": [[6, "rname-real-name"]], "`` Primarykey``: Suporte para tabelas legadas": [[6, "primarykey-support-for-legacy-tables"]], "`` Migrate``, `` fake_migrate``": [[6, "migrate-fake-migrate"]], "`` Table_class``": [[6, "table-class"]], "`` Sequence_name``": [[6, "sequence-name"]], "`` Trigger_name``": [[6, "trigger-name"]], "`` polymodel``": [[6, "polymodel"]], "`` On_define``": [[6, "on-define"]], "Adicionando atributos para campos e tabelas": [[6, "adding-attributes-to-fields-and-tables"]], "Bancos de dados legados e tabelas com chave": [[6, "legacy-databases-and-keyed-tables"]], "Construtor Field": [[6, "field-constructor"]], "Field types and validators": [[6, "field-types-and-validators"]], "modifica\u00e7\u00e3o da tabela e campo em tempo de execu\u00e7\u00e3o": [[6, "run-time-field-and-table-modification"]], "Mais sobre envios": [[6, "more-on-uploads"]], "Migra\u00e7\u00f5es": [[6, "migrations"]], "Fixa\u00e7\u00e3o migra\u00e7\u00f5es quebrados": [[6, "fixing-broken-migrations"]], "Migra\u00e7\u00e3o resumo controle": [[6, "migration-control-summary"]], "Table methods": [[6, "table-methods"]], "`` Insert``": [[6, "insert"]], "`` Query``, `` Set``, `` Rows``": [[6, "query-set-rows"]], "`` Update_or_insert``": [[6, "update-or-insert"]], "`` Validate_and_insert``, `` validate_and_update``": [[6, "validate-and-insert-validate-and-update"]], "`` Drop``": [[6, "drop"]], "Marca\u00e7\u00e3o de registros": [[6, "tagging-records"]], "Raw SQL": [[6, "raw-sql"]], "`` executesql``": [[6, "executesql"]], "`` _Lastsql``": [[6, "lastsql"]], "Temporiza\u00e7\u00e3o de consultas": [[6, "timing-queries"]], "\u00cdndices": [[6, "indexes"]], "Generating raw SQL": [[6, "generating-raw-sql"]], "`` Comando SELECT``": [[6, "select-command"]], "Usando um seleto para uso de mem\u00f3ria inferior \u00e0 base de iterador": [[6, "using-an-iterator-based-select-for-lower-memory-use"]], "Renderizando Rows com represent": [[6, "rendering-rows-using-represent"]], "Atalhos": [[6, "shortcuts"]], "A obten\u00e7\u00e3o de um `` row``": [[6, "fetching-a-row"]], "Recursivas `` s SELECT``": [[6, "recursive-selects"]], "`` Orderby``, `` groupby``, `` limitby``, `` distinct``, `` having``, `` orderby_on_limitby``, `` join``, `` left``, `` cache``": [[6, "orderby-groupby-limitby-distinct-having-orderby-on-limitby-join-left-cache"]], "ordenar por": [[6, "orderby"]], "groupby, tendo": [[6, "groupby-having"]], "distinto": [[6, "distinct"]], "limitby": [[6, "limitby"]], "orderby_on_limitby": [[6, "orderby-on-limitby"]], "juntar-se, deixou": [[6, "join-left"]], "cache, em cache": [[6, "cache-cacheable"]], "Operadores l\u00f3gicos": [[6, "logical-operators"]], "`` Count``, `` isempty``, `` DELETE``, `` update``": [[6, "count-isempty-delete-update"]], "Express\u00f5es": [[6, "expressions"]], "`` case``": [[6, "case"]], "`` Update_record``": [[6, "update-record"]], "Inserir e atualizar a partir de um dicion\u00e1rio": [[6, "inserting-and-updating-from-a-dictionary"]], "`` `` First`` e last``": [[6, "first-and-last"]], "`` `` As_dict`` e as_list``": [[6, "as-dict-and-as-list"]], "Combinando Rows": [[6, "combining-rows"]], "`` Find``, `` exclude``, `` sort``": [[6, "find-exclude-sort"]], "Selects com cache": [[6, "caching-selects"]], "Computed and Virtual fields": [[6, "computed-and-virtual-fields"]], "Campos computados": [[6, "computed-fields"]], "Campos virtuais": [[6, "virtual-fields"]], "Campos virtuais novo estilo (experimental)": [[6, "new-style-virtual-fields-experimental"]], "Campos virtuais velho antigo": [[6, "old-style-virtual-fields"]], "Joins and Relations": [[6, "joins-and-relations"]], "Um para muitos rela\u00e7\u00e3o": [[6, "one-to-many-relation"]], "Inner join": [[6, "inner-join"]], "Left outer join": [[6, "left-outer-join"]], "Agrupamento e contando": [[6, "grouping-and-counting"]], "Many to many relation": [[6, "many-to-many-relation"]], "A auto-refer\u00eancia e aliases": [[6, "self-reference-and-aliases"]], "Outros operadores": [[6, "other-operators"]], "`` Like``, `` ilike``, `` regexp``, `` startswith``, `` endswith``, `` contains``, `` upper``, `` lower``": [[6, "like-ilike-regexp-startswith-endswith-contains-upper-lower"]], "`` Year``, `` month``, `` day``, `` hour``, `` minutes``, `` seconds``": [[6, "year-month-day-hour-minutes-seconds"]], "`` Belongs``": [[6, "belongs"]], "`` Sum``, `` avg``, `` min``, `` `` max`` e len``": [[6, "sum-avg-min-max-and-len"]], "Substrings": [[6, "substrings"]], "Os valores por defeito com `` `` coalesce`` e coalesce_zero``": [[6, "default-values-with-coalesce-and-coalesce-zero"]], "Exportar e importar dados": [[6, "exporting-and-importing-data"]], "CSV (uma tabela de cada vez)": [[6, "csv-one-table-at-a-time"]], "CSV (todas as tabelas ao mesmo tempo)": [[6, "csv-all-tables-at-once"]], "CSV e sincroniza\u00e7\u00e3o de banco de dados remoto": [[6, "csv-and-remote-database-synchronization"]], "HTML e XML (uma tabela de cada vez)": [[6, "html-and-xml-one-table-at-a-time"]], "Representa\u00e7\u00e3o de dados": [[6, "data-representation"]], "Caracter\u00edsticas avan\u00e7adas": [[6, "advanced-features"]], "`` Lista: <type> `` e `` contains``": [[6, "list-type-and-contains"]], "Heran\u00e7a de tabela": [[6, "table-inheritance"]], "`` `` Filter_in`` e filter_out``": [[6, "filter-in-and-filter-out"]], "retornos de chamada no registro de inser\u00e7\u00e3o, exclus\u00e3o e atualiza\u00e7\u00e3o": [[6, "callbacks-on-record-insert-delete-and-update"]], "Cascades no banco de dados": [[6, "database-cascades"]], "versionamento recorde": [[6, "record-versioning"]], "filtros comuns": [[6, "common-filters"]], "Personalizados `` tipos Field``": [[6, "custom-field-types"]], "Usando DAL sem definir tabelas": [[6, "using-dal-without-define-tables"]], "Transa\u00e7\u00e3o distribu\u00edda": [[6, "distributed-transaction"]], "Copiar dados de um para outro db": [[6, "copy-data-from-one-db-into-another"]], "Pegadinhas": [[6, "gotchas"]], "Nota sobre novo DAL e adaptadores": [[6, "note-on-new-dal-and-adapters"]], "SQLite": [[6, "sqlite"]], "MySQL": [[6, "mysql"]], "Google SQL": [[6, "google-sql"]], "MSSQL (Microsoft SQL Server)": [[6, "mssql-microsoft-sql-server"]], "Or\u00e1culo": [[6, "oracle"]], "Google NoSQL (Datastore)": [[6, "google-nosql-datastore"]], "The RestAPI": [[7, "the-restapi"]], "RestAPI policies and actions": [[7, "restapi-policies-and-actions"]], "RestAPI GET": [[7, "restapi-get"]], "RestAPI practical examples": [[7, "restapi-practical-examples"]], "The RestAPI response": [[7, "the-restapi-response"]], "Linguagem de template YATL": [[8, "yatl-template-language"]], "Sintaxe b\u00e1sica": [[8, "basic-syntax"]], "`` Para \u2026 in``": [[8, "for-in"]], "`` While``": [[8, "while"]], "`` If \u2026 elif \u2026 else``": [[8, "if-elif-else"]], "`` Tentar \u2026 exceto \u2026 else \u2026 finally``": [[8, "try-except-else-finally"]], "`` Def \u2026 return``": [[8, "def-return"]], "Information workflow": [[8, "information-workflow"]], "extend and include": [[8, "extend-and-include"]], "Extending using variables": [[8, "extending-using-variables"]], "Template Functions": [[8, "template-functions"]], "block and super": [[8, "block-and-super"]], "Page layout standard structure": [[8, "page-layout-standard-structure"]], "Default page layout": [[8, "default-page-layout"]], "Mobile development": [[8, "mobile-development"]], "Helpers YATL": [[9, "yatl-helpers"]], "Helpers overview": [[9, "helpers-overview"]], "Built-in helpers": [[9, "built-in-helpers"]], "`` XML``": [[9, "xml"]], "`` A``": [[9, "a"]], "`` BODY``": [[9, "body"]], "`` CAT``": [[9, "cat"]], "`` Div``": [[9, "div"]], "`` EM``": [[9, "em"]], "`` Form``": [[9, "form"]], "`` H1``, `` h2``, `` H3``, `` H4``, `` H5``, `` H6``": [[9, "h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-h6"]], "`` HEAD``": [[9, "head"]], "`` HTML``": [[9, "html"]], "`` I``": [[9, "i"]], "`` IMG``": [[9, "img"]], "`` INPUT``": [[9, "input"]], "`` Label``": [[9, "label"]], "`` LI``": [[9, "li"]], "`` OL``": [[9, "ol"]], "`` OPTION``": [[9, "option"]], "`` P``": [[9, "p"]], "`` PRE``": [[9, "pre"]], "`` SCRIPT``": [[9, "script"]], "`` SELECT``": [[9, "select"]], "`` SPAN``": [[9, "span"]], "`` STYLE``": [[9, "style"]], "`` TABLE``, `` TR``, `` TD``": [[9, "table-tr-td"]], "`` TBODY``": [[9, "tbody"]], "`` TEXTAREA``": [[9, "textarea"]], "`` TH``": [[9, "th"]], "`` THEAD``": [[9, "thead"]], "`` TITLE``": [[9, "title"]], "`` TT``": [[9, "tt"]], "`` UL``": [[9, "ul"]], "`` URL``": [[9, "url"]], "Helpers personalizados": [[9, "custom-helpers"]], "`` TAG``": [[9, "tag"]], "`` BEAUTIFY``": [[9, "beautify"]], "Server-side DOM": [[9, "server-side-dom"]], "children": [[9, "children"]], "find": [[9, "find"]], "Using Inject": [[9, "using-inject"]], "Internacionaliza\u00e7\u00e3o": [[10, "internationalization"]], "Pluralizar": [[10, "pluralize"]], "Atualizar os arquivos de 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"the-t-object"]], "py4web: o manual de refer\u00eancia": [[16, "py4web-the-reference-manual"]], "Conte\u00fado:": [[16, null]], "\u00cdndices e tabelas": [[16, "indices-and-tables"]]}, "indexentries": {}})
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+Search.setIndex({"docnames": ["chapter-01", "chapter-02", "chapter-03", "chapter-04", "chapter-05", "chapter-06", "chapter-07", "chapter-08", "chapter-09", "chapter-10", "chapter-11", "chapter-12", "chapter-13", "chapter-14", "chapter-15", "chapter-16", "index"], "filenames": ["chapter-01.rst", "chapter-02.rst", "chapter-03.rst", "chapter-04.rst", "chapter-05.rst", "chapter-06.rst", "chapter-07.rst", "chapter-08.rst", "chapter-09.rst", "chapter-10.rst", "chapter-11.rst", "chapter-12.rst", "chapter-13.rst", "chapter-14.rst", "chapter-15.rst", "chapter-16.rst", "index.rst"], "titles": ["O que \u00e9 py4web?", "Ajuda, recursos e dicas", "Instala\u00e7\u00e3o e coloca\u00e7\u00e3o em funcionamento", "O Dashboard", "Criando seu primeiro aplicativo", "Fixures", "The Database Abstraction Layer (DAL)", "The RestAPI", "Linguagem de template YATL", "Helpers YATL", "Internacionaliza\u00e7\u00e3o", "Foruml\u00e1rios", "Authentication and authorization", "Rede", "De web2py para py4web", "Advanced 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"span": 9, "style": [9, 13], "tr": 9, "td": 9, "tbody": 9, "textar": 9, "th": 9, "thead": 9, "titl": 9, "tt": 9, "ul": 9, "url": 9, "tag": 9, "beautify": 9, "dom": 9, "children": 9, "internacionaliz": 10, "pluraliz": 10, "arquiv": 10, "tradu\u00e7\u00e3": 10, "foruml\u00e1ri": 11, "constructor": 11, "minimal": 11, "without": 11, "basic": [11, 13], "upload": 11, "widgets": 11, "custom": [11, 13], "advanced": [11, 15], "manipulation": 11, "forms": 11, "sidec": 11, "paramet": 11, "valid": 11, "formul\u00e1ri": 11, "text": 11, "is_alphanumeric": 11, "is_low": 11, "is_upp": 11, "is_email": 11, "is_match": 11, "is_length": 11, "is_url": 11, "is_slug": 11, "is_json": 11, "dat": 11, "tim": 11, "is_tim": 11, "is_dat": 11, "is_datetim": 11, "is_date_in_rang": 11, "is_datetime_in_rang": 11, "rang": 11, "equality": 11, "is_equal_t": 11, "is_not_empty": 11, "is_null_or": 11, "is_empty_or": 11, "is_expr": 11, "is_decimal_in_rang": 11, "is_float_in_rang": 11, "is_int_in_rang": 11, "is_in_set": 11, 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"amostr": 13, "callabl": 13, "parameters": 13, "De": 14, "web2py": 14, "simpl": 14, "conversion": 14, "hell": 14, "world": 14, "redirect": 14, "returning": 14, "args": 14, "calling": 14, "setting": 14, "up": 14, "view": 14, "accessing": 14, "OS": 14, "topics": 15, "asynci": 15, "htmx": 15, "usag": 15, "autocomplet": 15, "widget": 15, "utils": 15, "js": 15, "string": 15, "q": 15, "t": 15, "conte\u00fad": 16}, "envversion": {"sphinx.domains.c": 3, "sphinx.domains.changeset": 1, "sphinx.domains.citation": 1, "sphinx.domains.cpp": 9, "sphinx.domains.index": 1, "sphinx.domains.javascript": 3, "sphinx.domains.math": 2, "sphinx.domains.python": 4, "sphinx.domains.rst": 2, "sphinx.domains.std": 2, "sphinx": 60}, "alltitles": {"O que \u00e9 py4web?": [[0, "what-is-py4web"]], "Acknowledgments": [[0, "acknowledgments"]], "Ajuda, recursos e dicas": [[1, "help-resources-and-hints"]], "Recursos": [[1, "resources"]], "Este manual": [[1, "this-manual"]], "O grupo Google": [[1, "the-google-group"]], "The Discord server": [[1, "the-discord-server"]], "Tutoriais e v\u00eddeo": [[1, "tutorials-and-video"]], "As fontes no GitHub": [[1, "the-sources-on-github"]], "Dicas e sugest\u00f5es": [[1, "hints-and-tips"]], "Pr\u00e9-requisitos": [[1, "prerequisites"]], "Um local de trabalho python moderna": [[1, "a-modern-python-workplace"]], "Depura\u00e7\u00e3o py4web com VScode": [[1, "debugging-py4web-with-vscode"]], "Depura\u00e7\u00e3o py4web com PyCharm": [[1, "debugging-py4web-with-pycharm"]], "Como contribuir": [[1, "how-to-contribute"]], "Instala\u00e7\u00e3o e coloca\u00e7\u00e3o em funcionamento": [[2, "installation-and-startup"]], "Understanding the design": [[2, "understanding-the-design"]], "Plataformas e pr\u00e9-requisitos suportados": [[2, "supported-platforms-and-prerequisites"]], "Procedimentos de configura\u00e7\u00e3o": [[2, "setup-procedures"]], "Instalando a partir de bin\u00e1rios": [[2, "installing-from-binaries"]], "Instalando a partir de pip": [[2, "installing-from-pip"]], "Installing using a virtual environment": [[2, "installing-using-a-virtual-environment"]], "Instala\u00e7\u00e3o de fonte (globalmente)": [[2, "installing-from-source-globally"]], "Instalando a partir de fonte (localmente)": [[2, "installing-from-source-locally"]], "Melhoramento": [[2, "upgrading"]], "Primeira corrida": [[2, "first-run"]], "Op\u00e7\u00f5es de linha de comando": [[2, "command-line-options"]], "Op\u00e7\u00e3o `` comando call``": [[2, "call-command-option"]], "Op\u00e7\u00e3o `` comando new_app``": [[2, "new-app-command-option"]], "Op\u00e7\u00e3o `` comando run``": [[2, "run-command-option"]], "Op\u00e7\u00e3o `` comando set_password``": [[2, "set-password-command-option"]], "Op\u00e7\u00e3o `` comando setup``": [[2, "setup-command-option"]], "Op\u00e7\u00e3o `` comando shell``": [[2, "shell-command-option"]], "Op\u00e7\u00e3o `` comando version``": [[2, "version-command-option"]], "Special installations": [[2, "special-installations"]], "HTTPS": [[2, "https"]], "WSGI": [[2, "wsgi"]], "Deployment on GCloud (aka GAE - Google App Engine)": [[2, "deployment-on-gcloud-aka-gae-google-app-engine"]], "Implanta\u00e7\u00e3o em PythonAnywhere.com": [[2, "deployment-on-pythonanywhere-com"]], "Deployment on Docker/Podman": [[2, "deployment-on-docker-podman"]], "Deployment on Ubuntu": [[2, "deployment-on-ubuntu"]], "O Dashboard": [[3, "the-dashboard"]], "A p\u00e1gina Web principal": [[3, "the-main-web-page"]], "Sess\u00e3o no Dashboard": [[3, "login-into-the-dashboard"]], "Criando seu primeiro aplicativo": [[4, "creating-your-first-app"]], "Do princ\u00edpio": [[4, "from-scratch"]], "P\u00e1ginas est\u00e1ticas": [[4, "static-web-pages"]], "P\u00e1ginas web din\u00e2micas": [[4, "dynamic-web-pages"]], "Em valores de retorno": [[4, "on-return-values"]], "Rotas": [[4, "routes"]], "O objeto `` request``": [[4, "the-request-object"]], "Modelos": [[4, "templates"]], "The _scaffold app": [[4, "the-scaffold-app"]], "Copying the _scaffold app": [[4, "copying-the-scaffold-app"]], "Watch for files change": [[4, "watch-for-files-change"]], "Fixures": [[5, "fixtures"]], "Using Fixtures": [[5, "using-fixtures"]], "The Template fixture": [[5, "the-template-fixture"]], "The Inject fixture": [[5, "the-inject-fixture"]], "The Translator fixture": [[5, "the-translator-fixture"]], "O fixture flash": [[5, "the-flash-fixture"]], "The Session fixture": [[5, "the-session-fixture"]], "Client-side session in cookies": [[5, "client-side-session-in-cookies"]], "Server-side session in memcache": [[5, "server-side-session-in-memcache"]], "Server-side session in Redis": [[5, "server-side-session-in-redis"]], "Server-side session in database": [[5, "server-side-session-in-database"]], "Server-side session anywhere": [[5, "server-side-session-anywhere"]], "Sharing sessions": [[5, "sharing-sessions"]], "The Condition fixture": [[5, "the-condition-fixture"]], "The URLsigner fixture": [[5, "the-urlsigner-fixture"]], "O fixture DAL": [[5, "the-dal-fixture"]], "The Auth fixture": [[5, "the-auth-fixture"]], "Caveats about fixtures": [[5, "caveats-about-fixtures"]], "Fixtures personalizados": [[5, "custom-fixtures"]], "Multiple fixtures": [[5, "multiple-fixtures"]], "Caching e Memoize": [[5, "caching-and-memoize"]], "Decoradores de conveni\u00eancia": [[5, "convenience-decorators"]], "The Database Abstraction Layer (DAL)": [[6, "the-database-abstraction-layer-dal"]], "DAL introduction": [[6, "dal-introduction"]], "py4web model": [[6, "py4web-model"]], "Supported databases": [[6, "supported-databases"]], "The DAL: a quick tour": [[6, "the-dal-a-quick-tour"]], "Usando o DAL \u201cstand-alone\u201d": [[6, "using-the-dal-stand-alone"]], "Experimentar com o shell py4web": [[6, "experiment-with-the-py4web-shell"]], "Construtor DAL": [[6, "dal-constructor"]], "Assinatura da DAL": [[6, "dal-signature"]], "Strings de conex\u00e3o (o par\u00e2metro uri)": [[6, "connection-strings-the-uri-parameter"]], "O pool de conex\u00f5es": [[6, "connection-pooling"]], "Falhas de conex\u00e3o (par\u00e2metro tentativas)": [[6, "connection-failures-attempts-parameter"]], "Tabelas pregui\u00e7osos": [[6, "lazy-tables"]], "Aplicativos de modelo-less": [[6, "model-less-applications"]], "Bancos de dados replicados": [[6, "replicated-databases"]], "Palavras-chave reservadas": [[6, "reserved-keywords"]], "Configura\u00e7\u00f5es de quoting e case e do  banco de dados": [[6, "database-quoting-and-case-settings"]], "Fazendo uma conex\u00e3o segura": [[6, "making-a-secure-connection"]], "Outros par\u00e2metros do construtor DAL": [[6, "other-dal-constructor-parameters"]], "Local de pasta do banco de dados": [[6, "database-folder-location"]], "Configura\u00e7\u00f5es padr\u00e3o de migra\u00e7\u00e3o": [[6, "default-migration-settings"]], "`` `` commit`` e rollback``": [[6, "commit-and-rollback"]], "Construtor Table": [[6, "table-constructor"]], "assinatura define_table": [[6, "define-table-signature"]], "`` Id``: Notas sobre a chave prim\u00e1ria": [[6, "id-notes-about-the-primary-key"]], "`` `` Plural`` e singular``": [[6, "plural-and-singular"]], "`` Redefine``": [[6, "redefine"]], "`` Format``: representa\u00e7\u00e3o da ficha": [[6, "format-record-representation"]], "`` Rname``: nome real": [[6, "rname-real-name"]], "`` Primarykey``: Suporte para tabelas legadas": [[6, "primarykey-support-for-legacy-tables"]], "`` Migrate``, `` fake_migrate``": [[6, "migrate-fake-migrate"]], "`` Table_class``": [[6, "table-class"]], "`` Sequence_name``": [[6, "sequence-name"]], "`` Trigger_name``": [[6, "trigger-name"]], "`` polymodel``": [[6, "polymodel"]], "`` On_define``": [[6, "on-define"]], "Adicionando atributos para campos e tabelas": [[6, "adding-attributes-to-fields-and-tables"]], "Bancos de dados legados e tabelas com chave": [[6, "legacy-databases-and-keyed-tables"]], "Construtor Field": [[6, "field-constructor"]], "Field types and validators": [[6, "field-types-and-validators"]], "modifica\u00e7\u00e3o da tabela e campo em tempo de execu\u00e7\u00e3o": [[6, "run-time-field-and-table-modification"]], "Mais sobre envios": [[6, "more-on-uploads"]], "Migra\u00e7\u00f5es": [[6, "migrations"]], "Fixa\u00e7\u00e3o migra\u00e7\u00f5es quebrados": [[6, "fixing-broken-migrations"]], "Migra\u00e7\u00e3o resumo controle": [[6, "migration-control-summary"]], "Table methods": [[6, "table-methods"]], "`` Insert``": [[6, "insert"]], "`` Query``, `` Set``, `` Rows``": [[6, "query-set-rows"]], "`` Update_or_insert``": [[6, "update-or-insert"]], "`` Validate_and_insert``, `` validate_and_update``": [[6, "validate-and-insert-validate-and-update"]], "`` Drop``": [[6, "drop"]], "Marca\u00e7\u00e3o de registros": [[6, "tagging-records"]], "Raw SQL": [[6, "raw-sql"]], "`` executesql``": [[6, "executesql"]], "`` _Lastsql``": [[6, "lastsql"]], "Temporiza\u00e7\u00e3o de consultas": [[6, "timing-queries"]], "\u00cdndices": [[6, "indexes"]], "Generating raw SQL": [[6, "generating-raw-sql"]], "`` Comando SELECT``": [[6, "select-command"]], "Usando um seleto para uso de mem\u00f3ria inferior \u00e0 base de iterador": [[6, "using-an-iterator-based-select-for-lower-memory-use"]], "Renderizando Rows com represent": [[6, "rendering-rows-using-represent"]], "Atalhos": [[6, "shortcuts"]], "A obten\u00e7\u00e3o de um `` row``": [[6, "fetching-a-row"]], "Recursivas `` s SELECT``": [[6, "recursive-selects"]], "`` Orderby``, `` groupby``, `` limitby``, `` distinct``, `` having``, `` orderby_on_limitby``, `` join``, `` left``, `` cache``": [[6, "orderby-groupby-limitby-distinct-having-orderby-on-limitby-join-left-cache"]], "ordenar por": [[6, "orderby"]], "groupby, tendo": [[6, "groupby-having"]], "distinto": [[6, "distinct"]], "limitby": [[6, "limitby"]], "orderby_on_limitby": [[6, "orderby-on-limitby"]], "juntar-se, deixou": [[6, "join-left"]], "cache, em cache": [[6, "cache-cacheable"]], "Operadores l\u00f3gicos": [[6, "logical-operators"]], "`` Count``, `` isempty``, `` DELETE``, `` update``": [[6, "count-isempty-delete-update"]], "Express\u00f5es": [[6, "expressions"]], "`` case``": [[6, "case"]], "`` Update_record``": [[6, "update-record"]], "Inserir e atualizar a partir de um dicion\u00e1rio": [[6, "inserting-and-updating-from-a-dictionary"]], "`` `` First`` e last``": [[6, "first-and-last"]], "`` `` As_dict`` e as_list``": [[6, "as-dict-and-as-list"]], "Combinando Rows": [[6, "combining-rows"]], "`` Find``, `` exclude``, `` sort``": [[6, "find-exclude-sort"]], "Selects com cache": [[6, "caching-selects"]], "Computed and Virtual fields": [[6, "computed-and-virtual-fields"]], "Campos computados": [[6, "computed-fields"]], "Campos virtuais": [[6, "virtual-fields"]], "Campos virtuais novo estilo (experimental)": [[6, "new-style-virtual-fields-experimental"]], "Campos virtuais velho antigo": [[6, "old-style-virtual-fields"]], "Joins and Relations": [[6, "joins-and-relations"]], "Um para muitos rela\u00e7\u00e3o": [[6, "one-to-many-relation"]], "Inner join": [[6, "inner-join"]], "Left outer join": [[6, "left-outer-join"]], "Agrupamento e contando": [[6, "grouping-and-counting"]], "Many to many relation": [[6, "many-to-many-relation"]], "A auto-refer\u00eancia e aliases": [[6, "self-reference-and-aliases"]], "Outros operadores": [[6, "other-operators"]], "`` Like``, `` ilike``, `` regexp``, `` startswith``, `` endswith``, `` contains``, `` upper``, `` lower``": [[6, "like-ilike-regexp-startswith-endswith-contains-upper-lower"]], "`` Year``, `` month``, `` day``, `` hour``, `` minutes``, `` seconds``": [[6, "year-month-day-hour-minutes-seconds"]], "`` Belongs``": [[6, "belongs"]], "`` Sum``, `` avg``, `` min``, `` `` max`` e len``": [[6, "sum-avg-min-max-and-len"]], "Substrings": [[6, "substrings"]], "Os valores por defeito com `` `` coalesce`` e coalesce_zero``": [[6, "default-values-with-coalesce-and-coalesce-zero"]], "Exportar e importar dados": [[6, "exporting-and-importing-data"]], "CSV (uma tabela de cada vez)": [[6, "csv-one-table-at-a-time"]], "CSV 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"using-dal-without-define-tables"]], "Transa\u00e7\u00e3o distribu\u00edda": [[6, "distributed-transaction"]], "Copiar dados de um para outro db": [[6, "copy-data-from-one-db-into-another"]], "Pegadinhas": [[6, "gotchas"]], "Nota sobre novo DAL e adaptadores": [[6, "note-on-new-dal-and-adapters"]], "SQLite": [[6, "sqlite"]], "MySQL": [[6, "mysql"]], "Google SQL": [[6, "google-sql"]], "MSSQL (Microsoft SQL Server)": [[6, "mssql-microsoft-sql-server"]], "Or\u00e1culo": [[6, "oracle"]], "Google NoSQL (Datastore)": [[6, "google-nosql-datastore"]], "The RestAPI": [[7, "the-restapi"]], "RestAPI policies and actions": [[7, "restapi-policies-and-actions"]], "RestAPI GET": [[7, "restapi-get"]], "RestAPI practical examples": [[7, "restapi-practical-examples"]], "The RestAPI response": [[7, "the-restapi-response"]], "Linguagem de template YATL": [[8, "yatl-template-language"]], "Sintaxe b\u00e1sica": [[8, "basic-syntax"]], "`` Para \u2026 in``": [[8, "for-in"]], "`` While``": [[8, "while"]], "`` 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H6``": [[9, "h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-h6"]], "`` HEAD``": [[9, "head"]], "`` HTML``": [[9, "html"]], "`` I``": [[9, "i"]], "`` IMG``": [[9, "img"]], "`` INPUT``": [[9, "input"]], "`` Label``": [[9, "label"]], "`` LI``": [[9, "li"]], "`` OL``": [[9, "ol"]], "`` OPTION``": [[9, "option"]], "`` P``": [[9, "p"]], "`` PRE``": [[9, "pre"]], "`` SCRIPT``": [[9, "script"]], "`` SELECT``": [[9, "select"]], "`` SPAN``": [[9, "span"]], "`` STYLE``": [[9, "style"]], "`` TABLE``, `` TR``, `` TD``": [[9, "table-tr-td"]], "`` TBODY``": [[9, "tbody"]], "`` TEXTAREA``": [[9, "textarea"]], "`` TH``": [[9, "th"]], "`` THEAD``": [[9, "thead"]], "`` TITLE``": [[9, "title"]], "`` TT``": [[9, "tt"]], "`` UL``": [[9, "ul"]], "`` URL``": [[9, "url"]], "Helpers personalizados": [[9, "custom-helpers"]], "`` TAG``": [[9, "tag"]], "`` BEAUTIFY``": [[9, "beautify"]], "Server-side DOM": [[9, "server-side-dom"]], "children": [[9, "children"]], "find": [[9, "find"]], "Using Inject": [[9, "using-inject"]], "Internacionaliza\u00e7\u00e3o": [[10, "internationalization"]], "Pluralizar": [[10, "pluralize"]], "Atualizar os arquivos de tradu\u00e7\u00e3o": [[10, "update-the-translation-files"]], "Foruml\u00e1rios": [[11, "forms"]], "The Form constructor": [[11, "the-form-constructor"]], "A minimal form example without a database": [[11, "a-minimal-form-example-without-a-database"]], "Basic form example": [[11, "basic-form-example"]], "File upload field": [[11, "file-upload-field"]], "Widgets": [[11, "widgets"]], "Standard widgets": [[11, "standard-widgets"]], "Custom widgets": [[11, "custom-widgets"]], "Advanced form design": [[11, "advanced-form-design"]], "Form structure manipulation": [[11, "form-structure-manipulation"]], "Custom forms": [[11, "custom-forms"]], "The sidecar parameter": [[11, "the-sidecar-parameter"]], "Valida\u00e7\u00e3o de formul\u00e1rio": [[11, "form-validation"]], "Text format validators": [[11, "text-format-validators"]], "IS_ALPHANUMERIC": [[11, "is-alphanumeric"]], "IS_LOWER": [[11, "is-lower"]], "IS_UPPER": [[11, "is-upper"]], "IS_EMAIL": [[11, "is-email"]], "IS_MATCH": [[11, "is-match"]], "IS_LENGTH": [[11, "is-length"]], "IS_URL": [[11, "is-url"]], "IS_SLUG": [[11, "is-slug"]], "IS_JSON": [[11, "is-json"]], "Date and time validators": [[11, "date-and-time-validators"]], "IS_TIME": [[11, "is-time"]], "IS_DATE": [[11, "is-date"]], "IS_DATETIME": [[11, "is-datetime"]], "IS_DATE_IN_RANGE": [[11, "is-date-in-range"]], "IS_DATETIME_IN_RANGE": [[11, "is-datetime-in-range"]], "Range, set and equality validators": [[11, "range-set-and-equality-validators"]], "IS_EQUAL_TO": [[11, "is-equal-to"]], "IS_NOT_EMPTY": [[11, "is-not-empty"]], "IS_NULL_OR": [[11, "is-null-or"]], "IS_EMPTY_OR": [[11, "is-empty-or"]], "IS_EXPR": [[11, "is-expr"]], "IS_DECIMAL_IN_RANGE": [[11, "is-decimal-in-range"]], "IS_FLOAT_IN_RANGE": [[11, "is-float-in-range"]], "IS_INT_IN_RANGE": [[11, "is-int-in-range"]], "IS_IN_SET": [[11, "is-in-set"]], "Checkbox validation": [[11, "checkbox-validation"]], "Dictionaries and tuples with IS_IN_SET": [[11, "dictionaries-and-tuples-with-is-in-set"]], "Sorted options": [[11, "sorted-options"]], "IS_IN_SET and Tagging": [[11, "is-in-set-and-tagging"]], "Complexity and security validators": [[11, "complexity-and-security-validators"]], "IS_STRONG": [[11, "is-strong"]], "CRYPT": [[11, "crypt"]], "Special type validators": [[11, "special-type-validators"]], "IS_LIST_OF": [[11, "is-list-of"]], "IS_LIST_OF_EMAILS": [[11, "is-list-of-emails"]], "ANY_OF": [[11, "any-of"]], "IS_IMAGE": [[11, "is-image"]], "IS_FILE": [[11, "is-file"]], "IS_UPLOAD_FILENAME": [[11, "is-upload-filename"]], "IS_IPV4": [[11, "is-ipv4"]], "IS_IPV6": [[11, "is-ipv6"]], "IS_IPADDRESS": [[11, "is-ipaddress"]], "Other validators": [[11, "other-validators"]], "CLEANUP": [[11, "cleanup"]], "Database validators": [[11, "database-validators"]], "IS_NOT_IN_DB": [[11, "is-not-in-db"]], "IS_IN_DB": [[11, "is-in-db"]], "IS_IN_DB and Tagging": [[11, "is-in-db-and-tagging"]], "Validation functions": [[11, "validation-functions"]], "Authentication and authorization": [[12, "authentication-and-authorization"]], "Authentication using Auth": [[12, "authentication-using-auth"]], "Interface de autentica\u00e7\u00e3o": [[12, "auth-ui"]], "Using Auth inside actions": [[12, "using-auth-inside-actions"]], "Two Factor Authentication": [[12, "two-factor-authentication"]], "two_factor_required": [[12, "two-factor-required"]], "two_factor_send": [[12, "two-factor-send"]], "two_factor_tries": [[12, "two-factor-tries"]], "Plugins de Autentica\u00e7\u00e3o": [[12, "auth-plugins"]], "PAM": [[12, "pam"]], "LDAP": [[12, "ldap"]], "OAuth2 with Google": [[12, "oauth2-with-google"]], "OAuth2 with Facebook": [[12, "oauth2-with-facebook"]], "OAuth2 with Discord": [[12, "oauth2-with-discord"]], "Authorization using Tags": [[12, "authorization-using-tags"]], "Etiquetas e permiss\u00f5es": [[12, "tags-and-permissions"]], "Multiple Tags objects": [[12, "multiple-tags-objects"]], "User Impersonation": [[12, "user-impersonation"]], "Rede": [[13, "grid"]], "Key features": [[13, "key-features"]], "Basic grid example": [[13, "basic-grid-example"]], "The Grid object": [[13, "the-grid-object"]], "Searching and filtering": [[13, "searching-and-filtering"]], "CRUD settings": [[13, "crud-settings"]], "Custom columns": [[13, "custom-columns"]], "Usando templates": [[13, "using-templates"]], "Customizing style": [[13, "customizing-style"]], "A\u00e7\u00e3o personalizada Bot\u00f5es": [[13, "custom-action-buttons"]], "Bot\u00e3o Classe A\u00e7\u00e3o Amostra": [[13, "sample-action-button-class"]], "Using callable parameters": [[13, "using-callable-parameters"]], "Os campos de refer\u00eancia": [[13, "reference-fields"]], "De web2py para py4web": [[14, "from-web2py-to-py4web"]], "Simple conversion examples": [[14, "simple-conversion-examples"]], "\u201cHello world\u201d example": [[14, "hello-world-example"]], "\u201cRedirect with variables\u201d example": [[14, "redirect-with-variables-example"]], "\u201cReturning variables\u201d example": [[14, "returning-variables-example"]], "\u201cReturning args\u201d example": [[14, "returning-args-example"]], "\u201cReturn calling methods\u201d example": [[14, "return-calling-methods-example"]], "\u201cSetting up a counter\u201d example": [[14, "setting-up-a-counter-example"]], "\u201cView\u201d example": [[14, "view-example"]], "\u201cForm and flash\u201d example": [[14, "form-and-flash-example"]], "\u201cgrid\u201d example": [[14, "grid-example"]], "\u201cAccessing OS files\u201d example": [[14, "accessing-os-files-example"]], "\u201cauth\u201d example": [[14, "auth-example"]], "Advanced topics and examples": [[15, "advanced-topics-and-examples"]], "py4web and asyncio": [[15, "py4web-and-asyncio"]], "htmx": [[15, "htmx"]], "htmx usage in Form": [[15, "htmx-usage-in-form"]], "htmx usage in Grid": [[15, "htmx-usage-in-grid"]], "Autocomplete Widget using htmx": [[15, "autocomplete-widget-using-htmx"]], "utils.js": [[15, "utils-js"]], "string.format": [[15, "string-format"]], "The Q object": [[15, "the-q-object"]], "The T object": [[15, "the-t-object"]], "py4web: o manual de refer\u00eancia": [[16, "py4web-the-reference-manual"]], "Conte\u00fado:": [[16, null]], "\u00cdndices e tabelas": [[16, "indices-and-tables"]]}, "indexentries": {}})
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/py4web/utils/auth.py b/py4web/utils/auth.py
index cb8984750..10560c5f1 100644
--- a/py4web/utils/auth.py
+++ b/py4web/utils/auth.py
@@ -526,6 +526,7 @@ def current_user(self):
         return self.get_user()
 
     def impersonate(self, impersonated_id, next_url):
+        """impersonates the new user"""
         user = self.session.get("user")
         if not user or "id" not in user:
             raise RuntimeError("Cannot impersonate if not logged in")
@@ -537,11 +538,13 @@ def impersonate(self, impersonated_id, next_url):
         redirect(next_url)
 
     def is_impersonating(self):
+        """checks if we are impersonating a user"""
         return self.session.get("user", {}).get("impersonator_id", None) != None
 
     def stop_impersonation(self, next_url):
+        """stops impersonating a user, assuming we are impersonating one"""
         user = self.session.get("user")
-        impersonator_id = (user or {}).get("inpersonator_id")
+        impersonator_id = (user or {}).get("impersonator_id")
         if impersonator_id is None:
             raise RuntimeError(
                 "Cannot stop impersonation because not impersonating anybody"