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← Back to Main README

Setup MongoDB for development

Installing Mongo Locally on Windows

Installing Mongo Server and Client locally on Windows involves a series of steps:

1. Download MongoDB and MongoSH Community Server

  1. Visit the MongoDB Download Center: Go to the MongoDB Download Center and MongoSH Download Center

  2. Select the Version: Choose the latest version or the one that suits your requirements.

  3. Choose Your Platform: Select "Windows".

  4. Choose Package Type: Select the ZIP package.

  5. Download: Click the "Download" button to get the installer.

2. Install MongoDB

  1. Unzip the binaries: Once the download is complete, extract your the content on your installation directory. E.g. C:\Tools\Mongo

  2. Set Data Directory*: MongoDB needs a directory to store its data. The default path is C:\data\db\. You can choose a different path if necessary, but ensure MongoDB has read and write permissions to that directory.

3. Set Up Environment Variable

  1. Add MongoDB Path to Environment Variables: To use MongoDB from the command line, you need to add the MongoDB server's binary file path to your system's PATH environment variable.

  2. Locate the Bin Directory: The bin directory is usually located in C:\InstallDir\MongoDB\Server\{version}\bin and C:\InstallDir\MongoDB\Shell\{version}\bin. Replace {version} with your installed version.

  3. Edit System Environment Variables:

    • Right-click on This PC or My Computer on your desktop or in File Explorer.
    • Click Properties.
    • Click Advanced system settings.
    • In the System Properties window, click the Environment Variables button.
    • In the System Variable section, scroll down and select the Path variable, then click Edit.
    • Click New and add the path to the MongoDB and MongoSH bin directory.
    • Click OK to close all dialog boxes.

4. Verify Installation

  1. Open Command Prompt: Open a command prompt window.

  2. Run MongoDB Version Check: Type mongod --version and mongosh --version to check if MongoDB was installed correctly. This should display the version of MongoDB that's been installed.

5. Starting MongoDB

  1. Create Data Directory: If you didn't set a custom data directory during installation, create the default directory. Run mkdir C:\data\db in the command prompt.

  2. Start MongoDB: Run mongod in the command prompt. This starts the MongoDB server.

  3. Access MongoDB Shell: Open another command prompt and type mongo. This opens the MongoDB shell connected to your local MongoDB server.

Testing Mongo Locally

To interact with your MongoDB instance, you can use the MongoDB shell, mongosh, which is a command-line client for MongoDB. It allows you to query and update data as well as perform administrative operations.

Here's how you can open the MongoDB shell:

  1. Open Command Prompt: Open a new Command Prompt window or PowerShell window.

  2. Start the MongoDB Shell: Simply type mongosh and press Enter. This command connects to your local MongoDB instance.

    mongosh

    By default, mongosh attempts to connect to a MongoDB server running on the localhost (127.0.0.1) and the default port (27017). If your MongoDB server is running with different settings, you can specify them in the command, for example:

    mongosh --host <hostname or IP> --port <port number>

  3. Using the MongoDB Shell: Once in the shell, you can start issuing commands to interact with your MongoDB databases. Here are a few basic commands to get you started:

    • Show all databases: 
      show dbs
    • Use a specific database (it will create a new one if it doesn't exist): 
      use <database_name>
    • Show all collections in the current database: 
      show collections
    • Basic query on a collection: 
      db.<collection_name>.find()

  4. Exiting the MongoDB Shell: To exit the shell, you can simply type exit and press Enter.

    exit

The MongoDB shell (mongo) is a powerful tool for interacting with your MongoDB database. It supports a wide range of operations from simple queries to complex aggregations. As you're already experienced in software engineering, you'll find the MongoDB shell's syntax straightforward, especially if you're familiar with JSON-like structures.

Remember, MongoDB uses JavaScript-like syntax for its shell commands, which can be very convenient for running quick queries or administrative tasks. You might also want to explore GUI tools like MongoDB Compass for a more visual approach to managing your MongoDB databases, especially for more complex queries and data visualization.

Installing Mongo on in a Docker container

Using MongoDB in a Docker container is a great way to set up a flexible and isolated development environment.

Step 1: Pull the MongoDB Docker Image

First, you need to pull the official MongoDB image from Docker Hub. Open your command line and run:

docker pull mongo

This command downloads the latest official MongoDB image to your local machine.

Step 2: Run MongoDB in a Docker Container

Temporary Container: To test MongoDB inside a temporary container, use the following command:

docker run --rm --name mongodb-server -d -p 27017:27017 mongo

Explanation of the parameters:

  • --rm: Creates a temporary container that gets destroyed on exit.
  • -d: Runs the container in detached mode (in the background).
  • -p 27017:27017: Maps the default MongoDB port (27017) from the container to the host machine.

Persistent Container: To run MongoDB inside a persistent container, use the following command:

docker run --name mongodb-server -d -p 27017:27017 mongo

Explanation of the parameters:

  • --name mongodb-server: Names the container "mongodb-server".
  • -d: Runs the container in detached mode (in the background).
  • -p 27017:27017: Maps the default MongoDB port (27017) from the container to the host machine.

Step 3: Verify the Container is Running

Check if the MongoDB container is running with:

docker ps

Step 4: Interacting with MongoDB

Now, MongoDB is running in a Docker container. You can interact with it just like a regular MongoDB instance.

  1. Host: Connect using mongosh: If you have mongosh installed on your host machine, you can connect to the MongoDB instance running inside the container:

    mongosh --host localhost --port 27017

  2. Container: Connect using Docker Exec: You can also connect to the MongoDB shell directly within the container:

    docker exec -it <contained_id_or_name> mongosh

    For example:

    docker exec -it mongodb-server mongosh # or container_id hash

Step 5: Managing the MongoDB Container

Temporary Container:

Server: To exit the server just do Ctrl + C in the terminal instance where mongod is running if is a non-deattached session. For a deattached session find the <container_id> with docker ps :

docker stop <container_id>

Client: To exit the shell prompt type:

exit

Consistent Container:

  • Stopping the Container: When you're done, you can stop the container:

    docker stop mongodb-server

  • Starting the Container Again: To start it again:

    docker start mongodb-server

  • Accessing Logs: To see the logs of the MongoDB container:

    docker logs mongodb-server

  • Removing the Container: If you want to remove the container:

    docker rm -f mongodb-server

Data Persistence

One important aspect of running MongoDB in Docker is data persistence. Without proper configuration, data stored in the MongoDB container will be lost when the container is removed.

To persist data, you can mount a directory from your host machine to the container:

docker run --name mongodb-server -d -p 27017:27017 -v /my/own/datadir:/data/db mongo

Replace /my/own/datadir with the path to a directory on your host machine. This directory will be used by MongoDB to store data persistently.

Conclusion

Using MongoDB in a Docker container offers a lot of flexibility, especially for development and testing. It ensures your MongoDB instance is isolated and doesn't interfere with other projects or system settings. As someone interested in new technologies and software engineering, you might find this approach very efficient for various projects and experiments.

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