diff --git a/quantus/__init__.py b/quantus/__init__.py
index c29dc0a35..485b9d851 100644
--- a/quantus/__init__.py
+++ b/quantus/__init__.py
@@ -26,4 +26,4 @@
 from quantus.helpers.model import *
 
 # Expose the helpers utils.
-from quantus.helpers.utils import *
\ No newline at end of file
+from quantus.helpers.utils import *
diff --git a/quantus/evaluation.py b/quantus/evaluation.py
index 75d628ee3..8c37a24a7 100644
--- a/quantus/evaluation.py
+++ b/quantus/evaluation.py
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ def evaluate(
         return None
 
     if call_kwargs is None:
-        call_kwargs = {'call_kwargs_empty': {}}
+        call_kwargs = {"call_kwargs_empty": {}}
     elif not isinstance(call_kwargs, Dict):
         raise TypeError("xai_methods type is not Dict[str, Dict].")
 
@@ -92,11 +92,9 @@ def evaluate(
         "xai_methods type is not in: Dict[str, Callable], Dict[str, Dict], Dict[str, np.ndarray]."
 
     for method, value in xai_methods.items():
-
         results[method] = {}
 
         if callable(value):
-
             explain_funcs[method] = value
             explain_func = value
 
@@ -116,7 +114,6 @@ def evaluate(
             asserts.assert_attributions(a_batch=a_batch, x_batch=x_batch)
 
         elif isinstance(value, Dict):
-
             if explain_func_kwargs is not None:
                 warnings.warn(
                     "Passed explain_func_kwargs will be ignored when passing type Dict[str, Dict] as xai_methods."
@@ -140,7 +137,6 @@ def evaluate(
             a_batch = value
 
         else:
-
             raise TypeError(
                 "xai_methods type is not in: Dict[str, Callable], Dict[str, Dict], Dict[str, np.ndarray]."
             )
@@ -148,12 +144,10 @@ def evaluate(
         if explain_func_kwargs is None:
             explain_func_kwargs = {}
 
-        for (metric, metric_func) in metrics.items():
-
+        for metric, metric_func in metrics.items():
             results[method][metric] = {}
 
-            for (call_kwarg_str, call_kwarg) in call_kwargs.items():
-
+            for call_kwarg_str, call_kwarg in call_kwargs.items():
                 if progress:
                     print(
                         f"Evaluating {method} explanations on {metric} metric on set of call parameters {call_kwarg_str}..."
diff --git a/quantus/functions/explanation_func.py b/quantus/functions/explanation_func.py
index d34260f3f..fbc4de9ba 100644
--- a/quantus/functions/explanation_func.py
+++ b/quantus/functions/explanation_func.py
@@ -385,7 +385,6 @@ def generate_tf_explanation(
         )
 
     elif method == "SmoothGrad":
-
         num_samples = kwargs.get("num_samples", 5)
         noise = kwargs.get("noise", 0.1)
         explainer = tf_explain.core.smoothgrad.SmoothGrad()
diff --git a/quantus/functions/loss_func.py b/quantus/functions/loss_func.py
index 69181e1f3..bd0723645 100644
--- a/quantus/functions/loss_func.py
+++ b/quantus/functions/loss_func.py
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ def mse(a: np.array, b: np.array, **kwargs) -> float:
 
     if normalise:
         # Calculate MSE in its polynomial expansion (a-b)^2 = a^2 - 2ab + b^2.
-        return np.average(((a ** 2) - (2 * (a * b)) + (b ** 2)), axis=0)
+        return np.average(((a**2) - (2 * (a * b)) + (b**2)), axis=0)
     # If no need to normalise, return (a-b)^2.
 
     return np.average(((a - b) ** 2), axis=0)
diff --git a/quantus/functions/normalise_func.py b/quantus/functions/normalise_func.py
index 2d518aad4..5ad7f8145 100644
--- a/quantus/functions/normalise_func.py
+++ b/quantus/functions/normalise_func.py
@@ -231,13 +231,13 @@ def normalise_by_average_second_moment_estimate(
 
     # Check that square root of the second momment estimatte is nonzero.
     second_moment_sqrt = np.sqrt(
-        np.sum(a ** 2, axis=normalise_axes, keepdims=True)
+        np.sum(a**2, axis=normalise_axes, keepdims=True)
         / np.prod([a.shape[n] for n in normalise_axes])
     )
 
     if all(second_moment_sqrt != 0):
         a /= np.sqrt(
-            np.sum(a ** 2, axis=normalise_axes, keepdims=True)
+            np.sum(a**2, axis=normalise_axes, keepdims=True)
             / np.prod([a.shape[n] for n in normalise_axes])
         )
     else:
diff --git a/quantus/functions/similarity_func.py b/quantus/functions/similarity_func.py
index 88d19a9a7..93ffe8832 100644
--- a/quantus/functions/similarity_func.py
+++ b/quantus/functions/similarity_func.py
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ def lipschitz_constant(
     b: np.array,
     c: Union[np.array, None],
     d: Union[np.array, None],
-    **kwargs
+    **kwargs,
 ) -> float:
     """
     Calculate non-negative local Lipschitz abs(||a-b||/||c-d||), where a,b can be f(x) or a(x) and c,d is x.
diff --git a/quantus/helpers/__init__.py b/quantus/helpers/__init__.py
index eafc68d63..e4d00f57e 100644
--- a/quantus/helpers/__init__.py
+++ b/quantus/helpers/__init__.py
@@ -8,4 +8,4 @@
 
 # Import files dependent on package installations.
 __EXTRAS__ = util.find_spec("captum") or util.find_spec("tf_explain")
-__MODELS__ = util.find_spec("torch") or util.find_spec("tensorflow")
\ No newline at end of file
+__MODELS__ = util.find_spec("torch") or util.find_spec("tensorflow")
diff --git a/quantus/helpers/model/models.py b/quantus/helpers/model/models.py
index 38d0ca004..2feb32c55 100644
--- a/quantus/helpers/model/models.py
+++ b/quantus/helpers/model/models.py
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@
 
 # Import different models depending on which deep learning framework is installed.
 if util.find_spec("torch"):
-
     import torch
     import torch.nn as nn
 
diff --git a/quantus/helpers/model/pytorch_model.py b/quantus/helpers/model/pytorch_model.py
index cd422931f..b79442cb8 100644
--- a/quantus/helpers/model/pytorch_model.py
+++ b/quantus/helpers/model/pytorch_model.py
@@ -86,8 +86,11 @@ def _get_model_with_linear_top(self) -> torch.nn:
             if isinstance(named_module[1], torch.nn.Softmax):
                 setattr(linear_model, named_module[0], torch.nn.Identity())
 
-                logging.info("Argument softmax=False passed, but the passed model contains a module of type "
-                             "torch.nn.Softmax. Module {} has been replaced with torch.nn.Identity().", named_module[0])
+                logging.info(
+                    "Argument softmax=False passed, but the passed model contains a module of type "
+                    "torch.nn.Softmax. Module {} has been replaced with torch.nn.Identity().",
+                    named_module[0],
+                )
                 break
 
         return linear_model
@@ -118,8 +121,10 @@ def get_softmax_arg_model(self) -> torch.nn:
             return self.model  # Case 1
 
         if self.softmax and not last_softmax:
-            logging.info("Argument softmax=True passed, but the passed model contains no module of type "
-                         "torch.nn.Softmax. torch.nn.Softmax module is added as the output layer.")
+            logging.info(
+                "Argument softmax=True passed, but the passed model contains no module of type "
+                "torch.nn.Softmax. torch.nn.Softmax module is added as the output layer."
+            )
             return torch.nn.Sequential(self.model, torch.nn.Softmax(dim=-1))  # Case 3
 
         if not self.softmax and not last_softmax:
@@ -133,12 +138,14 @@ def get_softmax_arg_model(self) -> torch.nn:
         )  # Warning for cases 2, 4, 5
 
         if self.softmax and last_softmax != -1:
-            logging.info("Argument softmax=True passed. The passed model contains a module of type "
-                         "torch.nn.Softmax, but it is not the last in the list of model's children ("
-                         "self.model.modules()). torch.nn.Softmax module is added as the output layer."
-                         "Make sure that the torch.nn.Softmax layer is the last module in the list "
-                         "of model's children (self.model.modules()) if and only if it is the actual last module "
-                         "applied before output.")
+            logging.info(
+                "Argument softmax=True passed. The passed model contains a module of type "
+                "torch.nn.Softmax, but it is not the last in the list of model's children ("
+                "self.model.modules()). torch.nn.Softmax module is added as the output layer."
+                "Make sure that the torch.nn.Softmax layer is the last module in the list "
+                "of model's children (self.model.modules()) if and only if it is the actual last module "
+                "applied before output."
+            )
 
             return torch.nn.Sequential(self.model, torch.nn.Softmax(dim=-1))  # Case 2
 
@@ -337,7 +344,6 @@ def add_mean_shift_to_first_layer(
             The resulting model with a shifted first layer.
         """
         with torch.no_grad():
-
             new_model = deepcopy(self.model)
 
             modules = [l for l in new_model.named_modules()]
@@ -364,7 +370,6 @@ def get_hidden_representations(
         layer_names: Optional[List[str]] = None,
         layer_indices: Optional[List[int]] = None,
     ) -> np.ndarray:
-
         """
         Compute the model's internal representation of input x.
         In practice, this means, executing a forward pass and then, capturing the output of layers (of interest).
diff --git a/quantus/helpers/model/tf_model.py b/quantus/helpers/model/tf_model.py
index 7a1769147..c72b06860 100644
--- a/quantus/helpers/model/tf_model.py
+++ b/quantus/helpers/model/tf_model.py
@@ -360,7 +360,6 @@ def get_hidden_representations(
         layer_indices: Optional[List[int]] = None,
         **kwargs,
     ) -> np.ndarray:
-
         """
         Compute the model's internal representation of input x.
         In practice, this means, executing a forward pass and then, capturing the output of layers (of interest).
diff --git a/quantus/helpers/plotting.py b/quantus/helpers/plotting.py
index 4fa305713..fd504556a 100644
--- a/quantus/helpers/plotting.py
+++ b/quantus/helpers/plotting.py
@@ -245,7 +245,6 @@ def plot_model_parameter_randomisation_experiment(
 
             plt.plot(layers, [np.mean(v) for k, v in scores.items()], label=method)
     else:
-
         layers = list(results.keys())
         scores = {k: [] for k in layers}
         # samples = len(results)
diff --git a/quantus/helpers/utils.py b/quantus/helpers/utils.py
index 196bdb33f..0ec29da91 100644
--- a/quantus/helpers/utils.py
+++ b/quantus/helpers/utils.py
@@ -764,7 +764,6 @@ def infer_attribution_axes(a_batch: np.ndarray, x_batch: np.ndarray) -> Sequence
         for start in range(0, len(x_shape) - len(a_shape) + 1)
     ]
     if x_subshapes.count(a_shape) < 1:
-
         # Check that attribution dimensions are (consecutive) subdimensions of inputs
         raise ValueError(
             "Attribution dimensions are not (consecutive) subdimensions of inputs:  "
@@ -773,7 +772,6 @@ def infer_attribution_axes(a_batch: np.ndarray, x_batch: np.ndarray) -> Sequence
             )
         )
     elif x_subshapes.count(a_shape) > 1:
-
         # Check that attribution dimensions are (unique) subdimensions of inputs.
         # Consider potentially expanded dims in attributions.
 
@@ -783,7 +781,6 @@ def infer_attribution_axes(a_batch: np.ndarray, x_batch: np.ndarray) -> Sequence
                 for start in range(0, len(np.shape(a_batch)[1:]) - len(a_shape) + 1)
             ]
             if a_subshapes.count(a_shape) == 1:
-
                 # Inferring channel shape.
                 for dim in range(len(np.shape(a_batch)[1:]) + 1):
                     if a_shape == np.shape(a_batch)[1:][dim:]: