diff --git a/package-lock.json b/package-lock.json
index bdfa1e5..56b398d 100644
--- a/package-lock.json
+++ b/package-lock.json
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
       "version": "0.0.18",
       "license": "Open BSV",
       "devDependencies": {
-        "@types/chai": "^4.3.0",
+        "@types/chai": "^5.0.1",
         "@types/expect": "^24.3.0",
         "@types/mocha": "^10.0.0",
         "@typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin": "^6.1.0",
@@ -534,9 +534,18 @@
       "dev": true
     },
     "node_modules/@types/chai": {
-      "version": "4.3.11",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@types/chai/-/chai-4.3.11.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-qQR1dr2rGIHYlJulmr8Ioq3De0Le9E4MJ5AiaeAETJJpndT1uUNHsGFK3L/UIu+rbkQSdj8J/w2bCsBZc/Y5fQ==",
+      "version": "5.0.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@types/chai/-/chai-5.0.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-5T8ajsg3M/FOncpLYW7sdOcD6yf4+722sze/tc4KQV0P8Z2rAr3SAuHCIkYmYpt8VbcQlnz8SxlOlPQYefe4cA==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@types/deep-eql": "*"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@types/deep-eql": {
+      "version": "4.0.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@types/deep-eql/-/deep-eql-4.0.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-c9h9dVVMigMPc4bwTvC5dxqtqJZwQPePsWjPlpSOnojbor6pGqdk541lfA7AqFQr5pB1BRdq0juY9db81BwyFw==",
       "dev": true
     },
     "node_modules/@types/eslint": {
@@ -1675,15 +1684,15 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/chai": {
-      "version": "5.0.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/chai/-/chai-5.0.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-HO5p0oEKd5M6HEcwOkNAThAE3j960vIZvVcc0t2tI06Dd0ATu69cEnMB2wOhC5/ZyQ6m67w3ePjU/HzXsSsdBA==",
+      "version": "5.1.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/chai/-/chai-5.1.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-aGtmf24DW6MLHHG5gCx4zaI3uBq3KRtxeVs0DjFH6Z0rDNbsvTxFASFvdj79pxjxZ8/5u3PIiN3IwEIQkiiuPw==",
       "dev": true,
       "dependencies": {
         "assertion-error": "^2.0.1",
-        "check-error": "^2.0.0",
+        "check-error": "^2.1.1",
         "deep-eql": "^5.0.1",
-        "loupe": "^3.0.0",
+        "loupe": "^3.1.0",
         "pathval": "^2.0.0"
       },
       "engines": {
@@ -1722,9 +1731,9 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/check-error": {
-      "version": "2.0.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/check-error/-/check-error-2.0.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-tjLAOBHKVxtPoHe/SA7kNOMvhCRdCJ3vETdeY0RuAc9popf+hyaSV6ZEg9hr4cpWF7jmo/JSWEnLDrnijS9Tog==",
+      "version": "2.1.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/check-error/-/check-error-2.1.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-OAlb+T7V4Op9OwdkjmguYRqncdlx5JiofwOAUkmTF+jNdHwzTaTs4sRAGpzLF3oOz5xAyDGrPgeIDFQmDOTiJw==",
       "dev": true,
       "engines": {
         "node": ">= 16"
@@ -3216,15 +3225,6 @@
         "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/sindresorhus"
       }
     },
-    "node_modules/get-func-name": {
-      "version": "2.0.2",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/get-func-name/-/get-func-name-2.0.2.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-8vXOvuE167CtIc3OyItco7N/dpRtBbYOsPsXCz7X/PMnlGjYjSGuZJgM1Y7mmew7BKf9BqvLX2tnOVy1BBUsxQ==",
-      "dev": true,
-      "engines": {
-        "node": "*"
-      }
-    },
     "node_modules/get-intrinsic": {
       "version": "1.2.2",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/get-intrinsic/-/get-intrinsic-1.2.2.tgz",
@@ -4779,13 +4779,10 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/loupe": {
-      "version": "3.0.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/loupe/-/loupe-3.0.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-phbaE2fPsRe8cQ7Cy5Ze5p9JLmpiaqGT45RCUWYYjZgYPBoeC3vqrlYPj4BQ82ln60ZtM3Iq00PPC3FyUdS4Kw==",
-      "dev": true,
-      "dependencies": {
-        "get-func-name": "^2.0.1"
-      }
+      "version": "3.1.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/loupe/-/loupe-3.1.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-23I4pFZHmAemUnz8WZXbYRSKYj801VDaNv9ETuMh7IrMc7VuVVSo+Z9iLE3ni30+U48iDWfi30d3twAXBYmnCg==",
+      "dev": true
     },
     "node_modules/lru-cache": {
       "version": "6.0.0",
@@ -7719,9 +7716,18 @@
       "dev": true
     },
     "@types/chai": {
-      "version": "4.3.11",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@types/chai/-/chai-4.3.11.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-qQR1dr2rGIHYlJulmr8Ioq3De0Le9E4MJ5AiaeAETJJpndT1uUNHsGFK3L/UIu+rbkQSdj8J/w2bCsBZc/Y5fQ==",
+      "version": "5.0.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@types/chai/-/chai-5.0.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-5T8ajsg3M/FOncpLYW7sdOcD6yf4+722sze/tc4KQV0P8Z2rAr3SAuHCIkYmYpt8VbcQlnz8SxlOlPQYefe4cA==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "requires": {
+        "@types/deep-eql": "*"
+      }
+    },
+    "@types/deep-eql": {
+      "version": "4.0.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@types/deep-eql/-/deep-eql-4.0.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-c9h9dVVMigMPc4bwTvC5dxqtqJZwQPePsWjPlpSOnojbor6pGqdk541lfA7AqFQr5pB1BRdq0juY9db81BwyFw==",
       "dev": true
     },
     "@types/eslint": {
@@ -8557,15 +8563,15 @@
       "dev": true
     },
     "chai": {
-      "version": "5.0.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/chai/-/chai-5.0.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-HO5p0oEKd5M6HEcwOkNAThAE3j960vIZvVcc0t2tI06Dd0ATu69cEnMB2wOhC5/ZyQ6m67w3ePjU/HzXsSsdBA==",
+      "version": "5.1.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/chai/-/chai-5.1.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-aGtmf24DW6MLHHG5gCx4zaI3uBq3KRtxeVs0DjFH6Z0rDNbsvTxFASFvdj79pxjxZ8/5u3PIiN3IwEIQkiiuPw==",
       "dev": true,
       "requires": {
         "assertion-error": "^2.0.1",
-        "check-error": "^2.0.0",
+        "check-error": "^2.1.1",
         "deep-eql": "^5.0.1",
-        "loupe": "^3.0.0",
+        "loupe": "^3.1.0",
         "pathval": "^2.0.0"
       }
     },
@@ -8591,9 +8597,9 @@
       }
     },
     "check-error": {
-      "version": "2.0.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/check-error/-/check-error-2.0.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-tjLAOBHKVxtPoHe/SA7kNOMvhCRdCJ3vETdeY0RuAc9popf+hyaSV6ZEg9hr4cpWF7jmo/JSWEnLDrnijS9Tog==",
+      "version": "2.1.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/check-error/-/check-error-2.1.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-OAlb+T7V4Op9OwdkjmguYRqncdlx5JiofwOAUkmTF+jNdHwzTaTs4sRAGpzLF3oOz5xAyDGrPgeIDFQmDOTiJw==",
       "dev": true
     },
     "chokidar": {
@@ -9669,12 +9675,6 @@
       "integrity": "sha512-2nk+7SIVb14QrgXFHcm84tD4bKQz0RxPuMT8Ag5KPOq7J5fEmAg0UbXdTOSHqNuHSU28k55qnceesxXRZGzKWA==",
       "dev": true
     },
-    "get-func-name": {
-      "version": "2.0.2",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/get-func-name/-/get-func-name-2.0.2.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-8vXOvuE167CtIc3OyItco7N/dpRtBbYOsPsXCz7X/PMnlGjYjSGuZJgM1Y7mmew7BKf9BqvLX2tnOVy1BBUsxQ==",
-      "dev": true
-    },
     "get-intrinsic": {
       "version": "1.2.2",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/get-intrinsic/-/get-intrinsic-1.2.2.tgz",
@@ -10731,13 +10731,10 @@
       }
     },
     "loupe": {
-      "version": "3.0.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/loupe/-/loupe-3.0.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-phbaE2fPsRe8cQ7Cy5Ze5p9JLmpiaqGT45RCUWYYjZgYPBoeC3vqrlYPj4BQ82ln60ZtM3Iq00PPC3FyUdS4Kw==",
-      "dev": true,
-      "requires": {
-        "get-func-name": "^2.0.1"
-      }
+      "version": "3.1.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/loupe/-/loupe-3.1.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-23I4pFZHmAemUnz8WZXbYRSKYj801VDaNv9ETuMh7IrMc7VuVVSo+Z9iLE3ni30+U48iDWfi30d3twAXBYmnCg==",
+      "dev": true
     },
     "lru-cache": {
       "version": "6.0.0",
diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index a830960..7d886f1 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@
   "module": "./dist/esm/index.js",
   "types": "./dist/esm/index.d.ts",
   "devDependencies": {
-    "@types/chai": "^4.3.0",
+    "@types/chai": "^5.0.1",
     "@types/expect": "^24.3.0",
     "@types/mocha": "^10.0.0",
     "@typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin": "^6.1.0",