ChangeLog

Tag name: carma4_05
Originator(s): C Bardeen
Date: 3 Jul 2023

Allow a gas to have a refractive index; fix evaporation problem.

        modified:   carma_mod.F90
        modified:   carma_types_mod.F90
        modified:   carmagas_mod.F90
  - Allow a gas to have a refractive index. This is for the optics table
    generation for groups that have water in equilibrium, but not as an
    actual element in the group (e.g. sulfates).

        modified:   evap_mono.F90
        modified:   evap_poly.F90
  - Fix a problem where a group that grows may have coremasses that don't
    evaporate back to another carma group (i.e. evap2elem is 0).

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Tag name: carma4_04
Originator(s): C Bardeen
Date: 20 Jun 2023

Updates for optical properties tables generation

M       carma_enums_mod.F90
M       carma_globaer.h
M       carma_mod.F90
M       carma_types_mod.F90
M       carmaelement_mod.F90
M       carmagroup_mod.F90
M       mie.F90
M       rhopart.F90
M       wetr.F90

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Tag name: carma4_03
Originator(s): C Bardeen
Date: 22 Mar 2023

Corrections to core mass fixer and hygroscopicity.

M       carmastate_mod.F90
M       coremasscheck.F90
A       fixcorecol.F90
M       hygroscopicity.F90
M       microfast.F90
M       newstate.F90
M       newstate_calc.F90
M       vertical.F90

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Tag name: carma4_02
Originator(s): Mike Mills, Francis Vitt
Date: 30 Jan 2023

One-line Summary: Include Vehkamaki sulfate nucleation option

Purpose of changes:

 Implement sulfate nucleation options:
    'ZhaoTurco'
        Zhao & Turco, JAS, V.26, No.5, 1995.
    'Vehkamaki'
        Vehkamaki, H., M. Kulmala, I. Napari, K.E.J. Lehtinen,
        C. Timmreck, M. Noppel and A. Laaksonen, 2002,
        An improved parameterization for sulfuric acid-water nucleation
        rates for tropospheric and stratospheric conditions,
        J. Geophys. Res., 107, 4622, doi:10.1029/2002jd002184

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Tag name: carma4_01
Originator(s): Francis Vitt
Date: 12 Oct 2022

One-line Summary: Changes needed for unstructured grids

Purpose of changes:
 . remove igridh, and xmet, ymet, scaling factors
 . replace lat lon coordinates used in the error messages with
   general xc yc coordinates

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Tag name: carma4_00
Originator(s): Mike Mills, Yunquian Zha
Date: 13 Dec 2021

One-line Summary:

Changes to support CARMA trop_strat model

Purpose of changes:

 Add hygroscopicity subroutines.
 Add core mass check to ensure the first element of the group doesn't go negative.
 Add the option that particle neutralization is controlled by the ambiance gas.

===============================================================
Tag name:
Originator(s): Francis Vitt
Date: Sep 17, 2021

One-line Summary:

Initialize an undefined parameter

Purpose of changes:

Set errabs to zero fractal_meanfield.  Otherwise, this was undefined
and could be NaNs at times which caused a floating point exception
on casper compiled with the intel compiler.

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Tag name:
Originator(s): Charles Bardeen, Pengfei Yu
Date: Aug 13, 2013

One-line Summary:

Added partial initialization and fixed problems with initialization the dry deposition code.

Purpose of changes:

When using fixed initialization, the dry deposition routines were
not getting initialized, so deposition velocities were not calculated.
That has been corrected. Also, the metric scaling was being applied
incorrectly to vd and vf when requested as output from CARMASTATE_Get.
A new option (partialinit) has been added that can be used with
fixed initialization to cause reinitialization of fall velocities and
growth kernels, but not coagulation kernels, which are the most expensive
calculate. This gives a result that is intermediate between full and
fixed initialization.

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Tag name:
Originator(s): Sean Santos
Date: Dec 27, 2013

One-line Summary:

Support for the NAG Fortran compiler within CAM (nagfor).

Purpose of changes:

Made many changes to work with the NAG compiler within CAM. These include
mostly changes to deal with kind in a standard-conforming way (as opposed
to using non-standard intrinsics), and changes to ensure that the code
contains no more than 132 characters per line.

miess.F90 has more extensive changes; this module used "equivalence" in a
way not allowed by the standard, and so much of the code had to be
re-written to work on complex numbers without associating their components
to reals.

The Makefile is not currently updated with support for nagfor.

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Tag name:
Originator(s): Chuck Bardeen
Date: Nov 15, 2013

One-line Summary:

Support for the gfortran compiler.

Purpose of changes:

Support was added to the Makefile for the gfortran compiler, and
some compatibility bugs were fixed in the code so that it would
compile and link under gfortran.

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Tag name:
Originator(s): Chuck Bardeen, Mike Mills
Date: Nov 14, 2013

One-line Summary:

Sulfates wet radius and density includes the Kelvin effect on water.

Purpose of changes:

Changed the wetr code to take into account the Kelvin effect on the
water in determining the weight percent, density and particle size.
This is a simpler alternative to the weight percent per bin approach
that MIke has used in other CARMA models.

NOTE: There was also a fix for a related bug in rhopart.F90, where
the wrong gas concentration was being used for the sulfate weight
percent calculation.

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Tag name:
Originator(s): Chuck Bardeen
Date: Nov 3, 2013

One-line Summary:

Neutralized sulfates as a function of volume fraction of core mass.

Purpose of changes:

Changes to allow for neutralization of sulfates where the neutralization
is a function of the volume fraction of the core mass. This replaces
neutralization by scaling the saturation vapor pressure. NOTE: This
solution is currently not used for ice particles or when particle
heating is being used.

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Tag name:
Originator(s): Sean Santos
Date: July 15, 2013

One-line Summary:

Set rprat to 1 for all non-fractals.

Purpose of changes:

Setting rprat to 1._r8 for I_HEXAGON and I_CYLINDER shapes will prevent
errors due to uninitialized data for the cirrus/dust model.

===============================================================
Tag name:
Originator(s): Sean Santos
Date: July 2, 2013

One-line Summary:

Fix build with debug options on and on compilers other than Intel.

Purpose of changes:

Fix several compatibility issues with PGI and Lahey. fractal_meanfield_mod
in particular used Intel compiler extensions throughout.

===============================================================
Tag name:
Originator(s): Charles Bardeen
Date: June 14, 2013

One-line Summary:

Added sulfate heterogeneous nucleation and allow sulfuric acid
vapor pressure to be adjusted for neutralization

Purpose of changes:

Add heterogeneous nucleation of sulfate aerosols to the binary
homogeneous nucleation. Also reduced the vapor pressure for
"neutralized" aerosols based upon Marti et al. 1997. Neutralization
is treated very simplistically and is either all or none and just
affects the vapor pressure.

===============================================================
Tag name:
Originator(s): Charles Bardeen
Date: May 17, 2013

One-line Summary:

Changed way optical properties are handled

Purpose of changes:

The optical properties used to be initialized by default to be
used by particle heating; however, the fractal code can take a
long time to calculate the optical properties. So only do the
internal initialization if particle heating is enabled. Added
another interface to the Group to set the optical properties to
allow them to come from an external source.

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Tag name:
Originator(s): Charles Bardeen, Pete Colarco
Date: May 13, 2013

One-line Summary:

Fixed bug in nucleation rate statistic

Purpose of changes:

Changed how the nucleation rate statistic is calculated to work
around two previous bugs that involved try to calculate the
statistic after the particle count had been updated and not
including the nucleation loss rate in the calculation.

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Tag name:
Originator(s): Eric Wolf, Charles Bardeen
Date: May 9, 2013

One-line Summary:

Added support for fractal particles.

Purpose of changes:

Allows particles to grow fractally, which means that particles are made
up of monomers of a single size that will aggregate together in patterns
that depend on the particles fractal dimension. This will affect growth,
sedimentation, coagulation, deposition and optical properties.

===============================================================
Tag name:
Originator(s): Sean Santos
Date: April 24, 2013

One-line Summary: Fix problems with different compilers and debug flags.

Purpose of changes:

Some cases where the carma_type object had "intent(inout)" were changed to
"intent(in)". This would have been required if those routines had had
explicit interfaces, because intent(in) arguments can only be passed as
arguments that are also intent(in), or as arguments with no explicitly
specified intent.

Since Fortran 90, imag and aimag are identical generic intrinsics on most
compilers. However, aimag is the name in the Fortran standards, while imag
is a compiler extension. Therefore "imag" has been changed to "aimag" and
comments that are no longer relevant have been removed.

===============================================================
Tag name:
Originator(s): Charles Bardeen, Mike Mills
Date: March 18, 2013

One-line Summary:

Some bug fixes related to sulfates, to evaporation, mie code
and coagulation kernels.

Purpose of changes:

The wet radius for sulfates was not being calculated properly, since
it was missing a dry particle density term. The new wet radius will be
roughly twice what it was before. Also made some changes to allow specification
of sulfuric acid in CARMASTATE_CreateFromReference, so that initialization
from a reference profile can be used with sulfate models. Put some limits
on calculations in sulfate utilities for practical temperature ranges.

Fixed a problem with total evaporation that affected some models.

Fixed a problem with types in the optical properties calculation when
using Bohren and Huffman.

Fixed a problem with the way the coagulation due to convection was
being calculated that caused asymmetric coagulation kernels.

===============================================================
Tag name:
Originator(s): Charles Bardeen
Date: September 7, 2012

One-line Summary:

Fix bug in pheat.F90 when no solute is specified.

Purpose of changes:

A check to exclude a calculation in the particle growth code when
no solutes are present was coded incorrectly causing the model
to crash when growth is enabled, core elements exist in the group
and no solutes are defined for the cores.

===============================================================
Tag name:
Originator(s): Charles Bardeen
Date: January 26, 2011

One-line Summary:

Add capability for clear sky processing when using in-cloud
and gridbox average particles.

Purpose of changes:

Allows two sets of microphysical calculations to be done in one
Step call. One is for the fraction of the grid box that is
in-cloud and the other is for the remaining clear sky portion.
The entire mass of particle groups that are "cloud" are only
processed in the in-cloud portion. Other groups can also
condense liquid, but be over the entire gridbox. These would
have "is cloud" as false and will be processed in both the
in-cloud and clear sky portions of the grid box. Sedimentation
is only done once on the gridbox average values, but coagulation
and growth are done twice.

Two tests have been added for this :
  - GROWINTEST  = in-cloud test
  - GROWCLRTEST = in-cloud & clear sky test

===============================================================
Tag name:
Originator(s): Charles Bardeen, Mike Mills
Date: December 1, 2011

One-line Summary:

Bug fixes for sulfate aerosols and some additional diagnostic
information.

Purpose of changes:

Fixes problems found while trying to test sulfates aerosols in
WACCM/CARMA, where every cold temperatures are possible. Also
Also producing some additional diagnostics to help diagnose the
sulfate physics.

===============================================================
Tag name:
Originator(s): Charles Bardeen
Date: November 8, 2011

One-line Summary:

Allow configurable selection of aerosol freezing method and cleanup
error messages.

Purpose of changes:

Made nucproc a bit field, so that the aerosol freezing method can
be specified without needing to modify the code, and so that it can
be combined with nucleation of glassy aerosols. Also surpress an
error message from negative temperature unless it is the last
retry. Added a test case (NUC2TEST.exe) to see at what supersaturation
aerosol freezing begins.

===============================================================
Tag name:
Originator(s): Charles Bardeen, Mike Mills
Date: October 9, 2011

One-line Summary:

Fixes to support high (thermospheric) temperatures in the sulfate
code.

Purpose of changes:

Modified some of the sulfate code to handle temperatures that
result in 0 wtpct. This was causing WACCM to crash with the
sulfate model.

===============================================================
Tag name:
Originator(s): Charles Bardeen, Tianyi Fan
Date: September 3, 2011

One-line Summary:

Added sulfate aerosols.

Purpose of changes:

Added support for sulfuric acid and sulfate aerosols. Also fixed
some problems with the way latent and particle heats were applied
when substepping was being used. Made the convergence criteria
more configurable. The sulfate aerosol code is a significantly
modified version of code from that provided by Tianyi Fan. Her
code started with work done by Mike Mills and then was modified
by Jason English, Tianyi Fan and Chuck Bardeen.

===============================================================
Tag name:
Originator(s): Charles Bardeen
Date: August 19, 2011

One-line Summary:

Bug fixes and enhancements to the particle heating code.

Purpose of changes:

Fixed a few bugs found running in the debugger, and changed
dry deposition so that surface friction and aerodynamic resistance
are provided and used per land surface type.

===============================================================
Tag name:
Originator(s): Charles Bardeen
Date: August 9, 2011

One-line Summary:

Enhancements to the particle heating code.

Purpose of changes:

Added band integrals for the planck function to provide a more
accurate estimate of outgoing radiation for particle heating. Also
modified the test case to start the SW band at a non-zero wavelength.

===============================================================
Tag name:
Originator(s): Charles Bardeen
Date: August 4, 2011

One-line Summary:

Enhancements to the particle heating code.

Purpose of changes:

Added the ability to flag overlap bands in for the particle heating
calculation. These are bands which have added energy coming in; however,
the emission should only be done in one of the bands. This is needed
for the CAM radiation bands. Added the Bohren and Huffman mie routine,
to provide a routine that handles a broader array of sizes and refractive
indicies. Also changed the output from particle temperature to the difference
in particle temperature, since that is more relevant to the impact on
growth rates and temperatures may change for other reasons making it hard
to do the difference later.

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Tag name:
Originator(s): Charles Bardeen
Date: July 14, 2011

One-line Summary:

Setup tests to be run as regression tests.

Purpose of changes:

Added two new scripts run-all.csh and run-regress.csh. run-regress.csh
runs the tests and then compares the answer to previously generated
results in tests/bench. An error is generated if the results differ.
To make this usable, all of the tests have be modified to have minimal
output to the screen for normal operation.

===============================================================
Tag name:
Originator(s): Charles Bardeen
Date: July 13, 2011

One-line Summary:

Support for particle heating and some bug fixes

Purpose of changes:

Added support for passing radiative intensity into CARMA and
having that affect the particle growth rates and partcile
temperature.This is exercised by carma_pheattest.F90. Changed
initialization, so pkernel is only calcualted once to speed
things up a little. Made area ratio and radius ratio group
properties, so there is more flexibility for setting group
shape.

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Tag name:
Originator(s): Charles Bardeen
Date: June 8, 2011

One-line Summary:

Support for PGI and g95 compilers

Purpose of changes:

Some Fortran compilers have preprocessors that failed to correctly handle
the macros because they recursively tried to replace the name multiple
times. To prevent this, the field names have been changes to have f_XXX
so they don't conflict with the macro name XXX.

===============================================================

Tag name: 3.0.1
Originator(s): Tianyi Fan, Charles Bardeen
Date: December 1, 2010

One-line Summary:

Add wet deposition to sedimentation.

Purpose of changes:

Added support for dry deposition to the sedimentation routine in CARMA.
Surface friction and land fraction are supplied by the parent model.

===============================================================

Tag name: 3.0.0
Originator(s): Charles Bardeen
Date: August 11, 2010

One-line Summary:

Initial release of the F90 version of CARMA based upon F77 CARMA 2.3

Purpose of changes:

A major revision of CARMA 2.3, with design goals of porting it to
Fortran 90, and designing it to be embedded in other models like CAM
and GEOS.

Changes for F90:
- All code converted to F90 (wrappers to keep core code similar to F77 code)
- Use modules to replace common blocks
- Dynamic memory allocation
- Thread safe
- Use array operations when possible
- Use implicit none

Changes for embedded models:
- Single column
- Programmatic interface to define microphysical model
- Initialize from parent model state (mks units)
- Step() can be multithreaded
- Generate optical properties (mie coefficients)
- Scale for cloud fraction
- Detrain particles
- Store information about CARMA needed for parent models (e.g. wet deposition coefficients, diagnostic group, ...)
- Allow a fixed defintion of latent heat, consitent with parent model

Updated algortihms:
- Aerosol freezing (Koop 2000)
- Water saturation vapor pressure (Murphy & Koop 2005)

New algorithms:
- Nucleation of glassy aerosols (Murray et al. 2010)
- Ice particle density as a function of size (Heymsfield & Schmitt, 2010)
- Ice fall velocity (Heymsfield & Westbrook, 2010)
- Particle swelling with relative humidity, wet radius (Gerber 1985; Fitzgerald 1975)
- Brownian Diffusion

New features:
- Allow specification of minimum mass rather than just radius
- Variable density (per bin) within an element
- Determine sedimentation to the surface
- Dynamically allocate ACAP in miess based upon NXM1

Performance:
- Only initialize the components needed for the model configuration
- Add retry logic to newstate/microfast, to minimize the number of substeps needed
- Reduce size of data structures used by CARMA
- Reorder some operations for faster array access
- Optional initialization to a fixed reference temperature profile
- Optional explicit sedimentation (substepped)
- Reuse allocated memory in CARMASTATE to reduce memory allocation

Bugs fixed:
- Mass & energy conservation
- Various bugs in fall velocity calculation
- Scaling problems with rlheat
- Optional Initialize every timestep for maximum accuracy
- Various problems with setting up the model configuration (nucleation tables, scrit, nucgas, ...)
- Improved growth stability and convergence
- Improved stability of aerosol freezing (tabazadeh 2000)
- Evaporation bugs (cmf not getting set, total evaporation ncore=0)
- Modified growth equation for better approximation
- Correct usage of SMALL_PC and FEW_PC

Algorithms eliminated:
- Horizontal advection
- Hydrostatic approximation
- Eddy diffusion
- Mixed phase particles
- Radiative Transfer

Known Issues:
- PPM advection code has noisy sedimentation when using hybrid coordinates
- Growth code is not mass or energy conserving, so rlheat and gc are recalculated based upon condensed mass change
- PPM advection code does not return fluxes out the top and bottom of the column, so a kludge was added to get flux out the bottom as column difference
- Estimates for the number of substeps needed (ntsubsteps) are not very accurate
- Full initialization (rather than to reference T) can be very slow, particularly for coagulation
- Parameterizations for latent heats give odd values at low temperatures, use fixed values instead
- Standard fall velocity routine has odd kinks in areas where it transitions between different Reynolds regimes
- Standard shape fall velocity routine is not handling all shapes and aspect ratios correctly
- Mie calculation code can still exceed IACAP estimates even though dynamically allocating ACAP
- Core mass is sometimes larger than total mass, can happen from parent model advection, but perhaps other sources
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