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Setting private Monero testnet network

Having private Monero testnet network can be very useful, as you can play around with Monero without risking making expensive mistakes on real network. However, it is not clear how to set up a private testnet network. In this example, this is demonstrated.

The example was executed on Xubuntu 16.04 x64 using Monero 0.10.1. Instructions on how to compile Monero are avaliable here: compile-monero-09-on-ubuntu.

Testnet network

The testnet Monero network will include 3 nodes, each with its own blockchain database and a corresponding wallet on a single computer. The three testnet nodes will be listening at the following ports 28080, 38080 and 48080, respectively.

The example is based on the following reddit posts:

Also much thanks go to reddit's user o--sensei for help with setting up the initial testnet network.

Step 1: Create testnet wallets

Each of the nodes will have a corresponding wallet. Thus we create the wallets first. I assume that the wallets will be called wallet_01.bin, wallet_02.bin and wallet_03.bin. Also, I assume that the wallets will be located in ~/testnet folder.

Create the ~/testnet folder and go into it:

mkdir ~/testnet && cd ~/testnet

For the testnet network, I prefer to have fixed addresses for each wallet and no password. The reason is that it is much easier to work with such testnet wallets.

Execute the following commands to create three wallets without password.

For wallet_01.bin:

/opt/monero/monero-wallet-cli --testnet --generate-new-wallet ~/testnet/wallet_01.bin  --restore-deterministic-wallet --electrum-seed="sequence atlas unveil summon pebbles tuesday beer rudely snake rockets different fuselage woven tagged bested dented vegan hover rapid fawns obvious muppet randomly seasons randomly" --password "" --log-file ~/testnet/wallet_01.log;

Resulting address and seed:

9wviCeWe2D8XS82k2ovp5EUYLzBt9pYNW2LXUFsZiv8S3Mt21FZ5qQaAroko1enzw3eGr9qC7X1D7Geoo2RrAotYPwq9Gm8

sequence atlas unveil summon pebbles tuesday beer rudely snake rockets different fuselage woven tagged bested dented vegan hover rapid fawns obvious muppet randomly seasons randomly

The command creates a deterministic wallet and exits after its created. The reason for exit is that monero-wallet-cli may crash if the blockchain is empty.

The monero-wallet-cli options are:

  • testnet - Used to deploy testnets. The daemon must be launched with --testnet flag.
  • generate-new-wallet - Generate new wallet and save it to or .wallet by default.
  • restore-deterministic-wallet - Recover wallet using electrum-stylemnemonic.
  • electrum-seed - Specify electrum seed for wallet recovery/creation.
  • password - Wallet password.
  • log-file - Specify log file.

For wallet_02.bin:

/opt/monero/monero-wallet-cli --testnet --generate-new-wallet ~/testnet/wallet_02.bin  --restore-deterministic-wallet --electrum-seed="deftly large tirade gumball android leech sidekick opened iguana voice gels focus poaching itches network espionage much jailed vaults winter oatmeal eleven science siren winter" --password "" --log-file ~/testnet/wallet_02.log;

Resulting address and seed:

9wq792k9sxVZiLn66S3Qzv8QfmtcwkdXgM5cWGsXAPxoQeMQ79md51PLPCijvzk1iHbuHi91pws5B7iajTX9KTtJ4bh2tCh

deftly large tirade gumball android leech sidekick opened iguana voice gels focus poaching itches network espionage much jailed vaults winter oatmeal eleven science siren winter

For wallet_03.bin:

/opt/monero/monero-wallet-cli --testnet --generate-new-wallet ~/testnet/wallet_03.bin  --restore-deterministic-wallet --electrum-seed="upstairs arsenic adjust emulate karate efficient demonstrate weekday kangaroo yoga huts seventh goes heron sleepless fungal tweezers zigzags maps hedgehog hoax foyer jury knife karate" --password "" --log-file ~/testnet/wallet_03.log;

Resulting address and seed:

A2rgGdM78JEQcxEUsi761WbnJWsFRCwh1PkiGtGnUUcJTGenfCr5WEtdoXezutmPiQMsaM4zJbpdH5PMjkCt7QrXAhV8wDB

upstairs arsenic adjust emulate karate efficient demonstrate weekday kangaroo yoga huts seventh goes heron sleepless fungal tweezers zigzags maps hedgehog hoax foyer jury knife karate

Step 2: Start first node

The node will listen for connections at port 28080 and connect to the two other nodes, i.e., those on ports 38080 and 48080. It will store its blockchain in ~/testnet/node_01.

/opt/monero/monerod --testnet  --no-igd --hide-my-port --testnet-data-dir ~/testnet/node_01 --p2p-bind-ip 127.0.0.1 --log-level 0 --add-exclusive-node 127.0.0.1:38080 --add-exclusive-node 127.0.0.1:48080

The monerod options are:

  • testnet - Run on testnet. The wallet must be launched with --testnet flag.
  • no-igd - Disable UPnP port mapping.
  • hide-my-port - Do not announce yourself as peerlist candidate.
  • testnet-data-dir - Specify testnet data directory.
  • p2p-bind-ip - Interface for p2p network protocol.
  • log-level - Log level.
  • add-exclusive-node - Specify list of peers to connect to only. If this option is given the options add-priority-node and seed-node are ignored.

Step 3: Start second node

The node will listen for connections at port 38080 and connect to the two other nodes, i.e., those on ports 28080 and 48080. It will store its blockchain in ~/testnet/node_02.

/opt/monero/monerod --testnet --testnet-p2p-bind-port 38080 --testnet-rpc-bind-port 38081 --zmq-testnet-rpc-bind-port 38082 --no-igd --hide-my-port  --log-level 0 --testnet-data-dir ~/testnet/node_02 --p2p-bind-ip 127.0.0.1 --add-exclusive-node 127.0.0.1:28080 --add-exclusive-node 127.0.0.1:48080

Additional monerod options are:

  • testnet-p2p-bind-port - Port for testnet p2p network protocol.
  • testnet-rpc-bind-port - Port for testnet RPC server.

Step 4: Start third node

The node will listen for connections at port 48080 and connect to the two other nodes, i.e., those on ports 28080 and 38080. It will store its blockchain in ~/testnet/node_03.

/opt/monero/monerod --testnet --testnet-p2p-bind-port 48080 --testnet-rpc-bind-port 48081 --zmq-testnet-rpc-bind-port 48082 --no-igd --hide-my-port  --log-level 0 --testnet-data-dir ~/testnet/node_03 --p2p-bind-ip 127.0.0.1 --add-exclusive-node 127.0.0.1:28080 --add-exclusive-node 127.0.0.1:38080

Step 5: Start mining

How you mine is up to you now. You can mine only for the first wallet, and keep other two empty for now, or mine in two nodes, or all three of them.

For example, to mine into two first wallets, the following commands can be used:

in node_01 (mining to the first wallet):

start_mining  9wviCeWe2D8XS82k2ovp5EUYLzBt9pYNW2LXUFsZiv8S3Mt21FZ5qQaAroko1enzw3eGr9qC7X1D7Geoo2RrAotYPwq9Gm8 1

in node_02 (mining to the second wallet):

start_mining  9wq792k9sxVZiLn66S3Qzv8QfmtcwkdXgM5cWGsXAPxoQeMQ79md51PLPCijvzk1iHbuHi91pws5B7iajTX9KTtJ4bh2tCh 1

in node_03 (mining to the first wallet as well):

start_mining  9wviCeWe2D8XS82k2ovp5EUYLzBt9pYNW2LXUFsZiv8S3Mt21FZ5qQaAroko1enzw3eGr9qC7X1D7Geoo2RrAotYPwq9Gm8 1

As can be seen, both node_01 and node_03 mine to the first wallet. The third wallet is not used for mining in this example. The reason is that it will receive xmr, through transfers, from the remaining wallets.

Step 6: Start the wallets

wallet_01:

/opt/monero/monero-wallet-cli --testnet --trusted-daemon --wallet-file ~/testnet/wallet_01.bin --password "" --log-file ~/testnet/wallet_01.log

wallet_02:

/opt/monero/monero-wallet-cli --testnet --daemon-port 38081 --trusted-daemon --wallet-file ~/testnet/wallet_02.bin --password "" --log-file ~/testnet/wallet_02.log

wallet_03:

/opt/monero/monero-wallet-cli --testnet --daemon-port 48081 --trusted-daemon --wallet-file ~/testnet/wallet_03.bin --password "" --log-file ~/testnet/wallet_03.log

Commands' aliases

The comments used are rather long, so to speed things up, one can make aliases for them. For example, by adding the following to ~/.bashrc:

alias testmakewallet1='echo "exit" | /opt/monero/monero-wallet-cli --testnet --generate-new-wallet ~/testnet/wallet_01.bin  --restore-deterministic-wallet --electrum-seed="sequence atlas unveil summon pebbles tuesday beer rudely snake rockets different fuselage woven tagged bested dented vegan hover rapid fawns obvious muppet randomly seasons randomly" --password "" --log-file ~/testnet/wallet_01.log;  echo ""'

alias testmakewallet2='echo "exit" | /opt/monero/monero-wallet-cli --testnet --generate-new-wallet ~/testnet/wallet_02.bin  --restore-deterministic-wallet --electrum-seed="deftly large tirade gumball android leech sidekick opened iguana voice gels focus poaching itches network espionage much jailed vaults winter oatmeal eleven science siren winter" --password "" --log-file ~/testnet/wallet_02.log;  echo ""'

alias testmakewallet3='echo "exit" | /opt/monero/monero-wallet-cli --testnet --generate-new-wallet ~/testnet/wallet_03.bin  --restore-deterministic-wallet --electrum-seed="upstairs arsenic adjust emulate karate efficient demonstrate weekday kangaroo yoga huts seventh goes heron sleepless fungal tweezers zigzags maps hedgehog hoax foyer jury knife karate" --password "" --log-file ~/testnet/wallet_03.log;  echo ""'

# additional alias for making random wallet_04
alias testmakewallet4='{ echo "0"; echo "exit"; } | /opt/monero/monero-wallet-cli --testnet --generate-new-wallet ~/testnet/wallet_04.bin   --password "" --log-file ~/testnet/wallet_04.log;  echo ""'

alias testmakeallwallets="testmakewallet1; testmakewallet2; testmakewallet3; testmakewallet4"

alias testnode1="/opt/monero/monerod --testnet --no-igd --hide-my-port --testnet-data-dir ~/testnet/node_01 --p2p-bind-ip 127.0.0.1 --log-level 0 --add-exclusive-node 127.0.0.1:38080 --add-exclusive-node 127.0.0.1:48080"

alias testnode2="/opt/monero/monerod --testnet --testnet-p2p-bind-port 38080 --testnet-rpc-bind-port 38081 --no-igd --hide-my-port  --log-level 0 --testnet-data-dir ~/testnet/node_02 --p2p-bind-ip 127.0.0.1 --add-exclusive-node 127.0.0.1:28080 --add-exclusive-node 127.0.0.1:48080"

alias testnode3="/opt/monero/monerod --testnet --testnet-p2p-bind-port 48080 --testnet-rpc-bind-port 48081 --no-igd --hide-my-port  --log-level 0 --testnet-data-dir ~/testnet/node_03 --p2p-bind-ip 127.0.0.1 --add-exclusive-node 127.0.0.1:28080 --add-exclusive-node 127.0.0.1:38080"

alias teststartwallet1='/opt/monero/monero-wallet-cli --testnet --trusted-daemon --wallet-file ~/testnet/wallet_01.bin --password "" --log-file ~/testnet/wallet_01.log'

alias teststartwallet2='/opt/monero/monero-wallet-cli --testnet --daemon-port 38081 --trusted-daemon --wallet-file ~/testnet/wallet_02.bin --password "" --log-file ~/testnet/wallet_02.log'

alias teststartwallet3='/opt/monero/monero-wallet-cli --testnet --daemon-port 48081 --trusted-daemon --wallet-file ~/testnet/wallet_03.bin --password "" --log-file ~/testnet/wallet_03.log'

alias teststartwallet4='/opt/monero/monero-wallet-cli --testnet --daemon-port 48081 --wallet-file ~/testnet/wallet_04.bin --password "" --log-file ~/testnet/wallet_04.log'

alias testremove="rm -rvf ~/testnet"

alias testremoveandmkdir="rm -rvf ~/testnet; mkdir ~/testnet"

Testnet folder structure

The resulting ~/testnet folder structure should be as follows:

./testnet/
├── node_01
│   ├── bitmonero.log
│   └── lmdb
│       ├── data.mdb
│       └── lock.mdb
├── node_02
│   ├── bitmonero.log
│   └── lmdb
│       ├── data.mdb
│       └── lock.mdb
├── node_03
│   ├── bitmonero.log
│   └── lmdb
│       ├── data.mdb
│       └── lock.mdb
├── wallet_01.bin
├── wallet_01.bin.address.txt
├── wallet_01.bin.keys
├── wallet_01.log
├── wallet_02.bin
├── wallet_02.bin.address.txt
├── wallet_02.bin.keys
├── wallet_02.log
├── wallet_03.bin
├── wallet_03.bin.address.txt
├── wallet_03.bin.keys
└── wallet_03.log

6 directories, 21 files

Start nodes with mining

Optionally, each node can be started so that it starts mining automatically. With this, there is no need for manually launching the mining operation in each node. It speeds up using using the testnet.

For example, to start the three nodes so that they mine into the first two wallets (like in step 5):

in node_01 (mining to the first wallet):

/opt/monero/monerod --testnet --no-igd --hide-my-port --testnet-data-dir ~/testnet/node_01 --p2p-bind-ip 127.0.0.1 --log-level 1 --add-exclusive-node 127.0.0.1:38080 --add-exclusive-node 127.0.0.1:48080 --start-mining 9wviCeWe2D8XS82k2ovp5EUYLzBt9pYNW2LXUFsZiv8S3Mt21FZ5qQaAroko1enzw3eGr9qC7X1D7Geoo2RrAotYPwq9Gm8 --mining-threads 1

in node_02 (mining to the second wallet):

/opt/monero/monerod --testnet --testnet-p2p-bind-port 38080 --testnet-rpc-bind-port 38081 --no-igd --hide-my-port  --log-level 1 --testnet-data-dir ~/testnet/node_02 --p2p-bind-ip 127.0.0.1 --add-exclusive-node 127.0.0.1:28080 --add-exclusive-node 127.0.0.1:48080 --start-mining 9wq792k9sxVZiLn66S3Qzv8QfmtcwkdXgM5cWGsXAPxoQeMQ79md51PLPCijvzk1iHbuHi91pws5B7iajTX9KTtJ4bh2tCh --mining-threads 1

in node_03 (mining to the first wallet as well):

/opt/monero/monerod --testnet --testnet-p2p-bind-port 48080 --testnet-rpc-bind-port 48081 --no-igd --hide-my-port  --log-level 1 --testnet-data-dir ~/testnet/node_03 --p2p-bind-ip 127.0.0.1 --add-exclusive-node 127.0.0.1:28080 --add-exclusive-node 127.0.0.1:38080 --start-mining 9wviCeWe2D8XS82k2ovp5EUYLzBt9pYNW2LXUFsZiv8S3Mt21FZ5qQaAroko1enzw3eGr9qC7X1D7Geoo2RrAotYPwq9Gm8 --mining-threads 1

Making transfers

Newly mined blocks require confirmation of 60 blocks, before they can be used. So before you can make any transfers between the wallets, we need to mine at least 60 blocks. Until then, the wallets will have unlocked balance equal to 0. In contrast, for regular transfers between wallets to be unlocked it takes 6 blocks.

Example screenshots

Commands used to start the nodes and wallets: Before The above image shows the command used for each node (left column) and wallets (right column). Each row represents one node with the corresponding wallet.

After mining first few blocks: After The above image shows the state of the nodes and wallets after first few blocks mined. We see that the first two wallets already have some xmr, but their unlocked balance values are zero. For them to unlock the mined xmr, we need to mine at least 60 blocks.

After mining more than 60 blocks: After60 After mining more than 60 blocks, the unlocked balance is no longer zero and we can start mining transfers between wallets.

How can you help?

Constructive criticism, code and website edits are always good. They can be made through github.