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<h1 class="title is-size-3 is-size-4-mobile has-text-weight-normal">
一起学Java之合理的配置线程池以及线程池的监控
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<h3 id="前言"><a href="#前言" class="headerlink" title="前言"></a>前言</h3><p>使用线程池的时候,我们最迷惑的就是如何去配置线程池,一旦线程池配置不合理很可能会导致系统异常。出了异常我们就需要监控异常。下面我们一起来总结一下如何合理的配置以及如何监控。<a id="more"></a></p>
<h3 id="线程池的设置"><a href="#线程池的设置" class="headerlink" title="线程池的设置"></a>线程池的设置</h3><p>想要合理的配置线程池,就要先了解任务的特征,简单来讲,我们在判定任务的特征的时候可以从以下几个角度来分析</p>
<ol>
<li><p>任务的类型</p>
<ol>
<li><code>CUP</code>使用密集:这种类型的任务不易配置过多的线程,因为多了有可能会导致<code>CPU</code>资源耗尽,即配置尽可能小的线程,例如配置<code>CUP个数+1</code>个线程的 线程池。</li>
<li><code>IO</code>密集:由于<code>IO</code>执行需要时间,所以线程不一定是一直在执行任务,所以配置尽可能多的线程,例如配置<code>CPU个数的2倍</code>个线程的线程池</li>
<li><code>IO</code>、<code>CPU</code>混合密集:这种类型的,看看是否可以拆分,如果可以拆分就将任务拆分为一个<code>IO</code>密集任务和<code>CUP</code>密集任务,但是如果拆分后的两个任务执行时间相差很大就没必要拆分了。</li>
<li>任务是否有优先级:这种类型的任务可以使用优先级队列PriorityBlockingQueue来处理。它可以让优先级高的任务先执行。但是有一点要注意,如果设置了优先级,那么优先级低的可能永远不会执行。</li>
<li>任务大致的执行时间(长、适中、短):这种类型的任务,不同时间长的任务交给不同规模线程池处理,当然最懒的办法就是交给优先级队列处理,时间短的优先执行</li>
<li>任务是否依赖其他资源,例如第三方接口:如果依赖其他资源,表示要其他资源给的响应,等待时间越长,<code>CUP</code>空闲时间就越长,所以线程数要大些才能更好的利用<code>CPU</code>资源</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li><p>阻塞队列的选择<br><code>强烈建议使用有界的队列</code>,使用无界队列如果队列中任务堆积导致内存挂掉,那么会导致整个服务不可用,使用有界的队列可以通过设定好的策略来判断线程执行状况,如果其中一个线程耗时太久,队列不会堆积,系统正常运行,只需要解决到这个耗时太久的问题即可。不会影响服务的运行。</p>
</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="线程池的监控"><a href="#线程池的监控" class="headerlink" title="线程池的监控"></a>线程池的监控</h3><p>线程池提供了以下属性来帮我们监控</p>
<ol>
<li><code>taskCount</code>:这个参数表示线程池需要执行的任务数量。</li>
<li><code>completedTaskCount</code>:这个参数表示线程池在运行过程中已完成的任务数量,小于或等于`taskCount`。</li>
<li><code>largestPoolSize</code>:这个参数表示线程池里曾经创建过的最大线程数量。通过这个数据可以知道线程池是<br>否曾经满过。如该数值等于线程池的最大大小,则表示线程池曾经满过。</li>
<li><code>getPoolSize</code>:线程池的线程数量。如果线程池不销毁的话,这个数量只曾不减。</li>
<li><code>getActiveCount</code>:获取活动的线程数。</li>
<li>当然线程池也提供的方法让我们重写,他们分别是<code>beforeExecute</code>、<code>afterExecute</code>和<code>terminated</code>方法,可以在任务执行前、执行后和线程池关闭前执行一些代码来进行监控。例如,监控任务的平均执行时间、最大执行时间和最小执行时间等。这几个方法在线程池里是空方法。</li>
</ol>
<p>以上就是我们要了解的。希望读完这篇文章,可以让大家合理的准确是使用线程池。</p>
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<li><strong>本文标题:</strong><a href="https://blog.visutech.cn/1781080007.html">一起学Java之合理的配置线程池以及线程池的监控</a></li>
<li><strong>本文作者:</strong><a href="https://blog.visutech.cn">程振奇 | smallodd</a></li>
<li><strong>本文链接:</strong><a href="https://blog.visutech.cn/1781080007.html">https://blog.visutech.cn/1781080007.html</a></li>
<li><strong>发布时间:</strong>2019-04-24</li>
<li><strong>版权声明:</strong>本博客所有文章除特别声明外,均采用 <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.zh" rel="external nofollow" target="_blank">CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</a> 许可协议。转载请注明出处!
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