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Purpose

The purpose of the repository is to compare build time and performances of Kotlin on various platforms:

  • Kotlin/JVM
  • Kotlin/Native
  • Kotlin/JVM compiled to native using GraalVM native image compiler
  • Kotlin/Wasm

It is based on simple program generating pairs of twin primes from https://discuss.kotlinlang.org/t/why-is-kotlin-native-much-slower-than-jvm/10226/10.

Data points

Platform Build time Execution time Artifact size Peak RSS
Kotlin/JVM 3.6s 1m13s 1.9 MB + JDK 398 MB
GraalVM CE native 15.9s 1m40s 12.4 MB 60 MB
GraalVM EE native 16.5s 1m33s 6.8 MB 59 MB
Kotlin/Native 9s 1m37s 0.57 MB 4 MB
Kotlin/Wasm preview 5s 2m49s 0.18 MB + Node 120 MB

Environment

  • Linux 5.15.85-1-lts x86_64
  • AMD Ryzen 9 5900X 12-Core Processor 32 GB RAM
  • Kotlin 1.8.0
  • Java 17.0.5 (Liberica JDK)
  • GraalVM 22.3 Java 17

Getting started

Compile and run

Notice I was not able to use a single Gradle multiplatform build due to a conflict between Kotlin/Native and Native Build Tools plugins.

Kotlin/JVM

Compile

./mvnw clean package

Run

java -jar target/prime-multiplatform-1.0-SNAPSHOT-jar-with-dependencies.jar

Kotlin/JVM with GraalVM native image

Compile

./mvnw clean native:compile

Run

target/prime-multiplatform

Kotlin/Native

Compile

./gradlew clean linkReleaseExecutableNative

Run

build/bin/native/releaseExecutable/prime-multiplatform.kexe

Kotlin/Wasm

Compile

./gradlew clean compileProductionExecutableKotlinWasm

Run

./gradlew wasmNodeProductionRun