The key learning points from this module are:

[s-shemmee]

Python Basic Concepts

Variables are symbolic names pointing to objects. After assigning an item to a variable, you may use that name. But the data is still part of the object itself.

A string is a data type consisting of letters, numbers, and spaces. Strings in Python are arrays of Unicode bytes and commonly use single or double quotation marks.

'hello' is the same as "hello".

A list can include any Python variable and additional lists. To initialise a list in Python, you can assign one with square brackets, use the list() function, generate an empty list or use a list comprehension. Python lists get declared with square brackets.

Conditional statements compare two variables to discover if they're equal. They manage programme flow via if-statements. Inputs to a function or programme may need to be within a valid range or non-negative.

Control flow is managed in a Python programme by conditional statements, loops, and function calls. Control flow statements allow us to execute specific code only if the given condition gets fulfilled. In contrast, loops repeat statements that run until it meets the requirement.

A function operates only when invoked. Functions accept data, called parameters, and the result can be data. These Python functions improve app modularity and code reuse.

An object is a collection of data (variables) and procedures (functions). These objects have qualities and behaviours (methods). In contrast, Classes are object-creation code templates.

Function arguments are the actual values supplied to the function. Parameters get initialised using arguments. Parameters in Python are variables that store the actual values the function needs. When invoking the function, these values get supplied as parameters.

Keyword arguments are values supplied to a function with particular parameter names. Parameter and = precede a keyword argument. Keyword arguments link values to keywords, like dictionaries.

Binary is a numeral system that represents numbers with a combination of one's and zero's.

The number 170 is represented as: 10101010 in binary.

A for loop is used for iterating over a sequence.

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
for x in fruits:
print(x)

The while loop we can execute a set of statements as long as a condition is true.

i = 1
while i < 6:
print(i)
i += 1

Python 3 is the first ever intentionally backwards incompatible Python release, to allow new features to be implemented.

Recursion in computer science is a method of solving a problem where the solution depends on solutions to smaller instances of the same problem.

A Recursive function in python can be defined as a routine that calls itself directly or indirectly.is a function that will continue to call itself and repeat its behavior until some condition is met to return a result.

An Iterative function in python is created by using a loop to iterate over items. Can be used to create a Fibonacci Series using a While Loop.

The Fibonacci Sequence is the series of numbers:
0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, …
The next number is found by adding up the two numbers before it.

A sorting algorithm is an algorithm that puts elements of a list in a certain order.

Insertion sort is a simple sorting algorithm that builds the final sorted array one item at a time.

Example of an insertion sort algorithm in Python:

def insertion_sort(list):
                   for index in range(1, len(list)):
                   value = list[index]
                   i = index - 1
                   while i>=0 and (value < list[i]):
                                     list[i+1] = list[i]
                                     list[i] = value
                                     i = i - 1