diff --git a/src/cargo/core/compiler/build_runner/compilation_files.rs b/src/cargo/core/compiler/build_runner/compilation_files.rs
index b07b59aac4c..70cba8c1993 100644
--- a/src/cargo/core/compiler/build_runner/compilation_files.rs
+++ b/src/cargo/core/compiler/build_runner/compilation_files.rs
@@ -700,6 +700,14 @@ fn compute_metadata(
         .collect::<Vec<_>>();
     dep_c_extra_filename_hashes.sort();
     dep_c_extra_filename_hashes.hash(&mut c_extra_filename_hasher);
+    // Avoid trashing the caches on RUSTFLAGS changing via `c_extra_filename`
+    //
+    // Limited to `c_extra_filename` to help with reproducible build / PGO issues.
+    if unit.mode.is_doc() || unit.mode.is_doc_scrape() {
+        unit.rustdocflags.hash(&mut c_extra_filename_hasher);
+    } else {
+        unit.rustflags.hash(&mut c_extra_filename_hasher);
+    }
 
     let c_metadata = UnitHash(c_metadata_hasher.finish());
     let c_extra_filename = UnitHash(c_extra_filename_hasher.finish());
diff --git a/src/cargo/core/compiler/fingerprint/mod.rs b/src/cargo/core/compiler/fingerprint/mod.rs
index 9b0b4d3707a..4df04f15cc4 100644
--- a/src/cargo/core/compiler/fingerprint/mod.rs
+++ b/src/cargo/core/compiler/fingerprint/mod.rs
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@
 //! Target flags (test/bench/for_host/edition) | ✓           |                     |                        |
 //! -C incremental=… flag                      | ✓           |                     |                        |
 //! mtime of sources                           | ✓[^3]       |                     |                        |
-//! RUSTFLAGS/RUSTDOCFLAGS                     | ✓           |                     |                        |
+//! RUSTFLAGS/RUSTDOCFLAGS                     | ✓           | ✓                   |                        | ✓
 //! [`Lto`] flags                              | ✓           | ✓                   | ✓                      | ✓
 //! config settings[^5]                        | ✓           |                     |                        |
 //! `is_std`                                   |             | ✓                   | ✓                      | ✓
diff --git a/tests/testsuite/config_include.rs b/tests/testsuite/config_include.rs
index 1bb7e717a57..468115dd508 100644
--- a/tests/testsuite/config_include.rs
+++ b/tests/testsuite/config_include.rs
@@ -244,7 +244,6 @@ fn works_with_cli() {
     p.cargo("check -v -Z config-include")
         .masquerade_as_nightly_cargo(&["config-include"])
         .with_stderr_data(str![[r#"
-[DIRTY] foo v0.0.1 ([ROOT]/foo): the rustflags changed
 [CHECKING] foo v0.0.1 ([ROOT]/foo)
 [RUNNING] `rustc [..]-W unsafe-code -W unused`
 [FINISHED] `dev` profile [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in [ELAPSED]s
diff --git a/tests/testsuite/freshness.rs b/tests/testsuite/freshness.rs
index e01adc6564b..60c0aec1abf 100644
--- a/tests/testsuite/freshness.rs
+++ b/tests/testsuite/freshness.rs
@@ -1337,7 +1337,6 @@ fn changing_rustflags_is_cached() {
     p.cargo("build -v")
         .env("RUSTFLAGS", "-C linker=cc")
         .with_stderr_data(str![[r#"
-[DIRTY] foo v0.0.1 ([ROOT]/foo): the rustflags changed
 [COMPILING] foo v0.0.1 ([ROOT]/foo)
 [RUNNING] `rustc [..]
 [FINISHED] `dev` profile [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in [ELAPSED]s
@@ -1347,9 +1346,7 @@ fn changing_rustflags_is_cached() {
 
     p.cargo("build -v")
         .with_stderr_data(str![[r#"
-[DIRTY] foo v0.0.1 ([ROOT]/foo): the rustflags changed
-[COMPILING] foo v0.0.1 ([ROOT]/foo)
-[RUNNING] `rustc [..] src/lib.rs [..]
+[FRESH] foo v0.0.1 ([ROOT]/foo)
 [FINISHED] `dev` profile [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in [ELAPSED]s
 
 "#]])
@@ -1357,9 +1354,7 @@ fn changing_rustflags_is_cached() {
     p.cargo("build -v")
         .env("RUSTFLAGS", "-C linker=cc")
         .with_stderr_data(str![[r#"
-[DIRTY] foo v0.0.1 ([ROOT]/foo): the rustflags changed
-[COMPILING] foo v0.0.1 ([ROOT]/foo)
-[RUNNING] `rustc [..]
+[FRESH] foo v0.0.1 ([ROOT]/foo)
 [FINISHED] `dev` profile [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in [ELAPSED]s
 
 "#]])
diff --git a/tests/testsuite/freshness_checksum.rs b/tests/testsuite/freshness_checksum.rs
index 386ee11a31a..a49f9796a3f 100644
--- a/tests/testsuite/freshness_checksum.rs
+++ b/tests/testsuite/freshness_checksum.rs
@@ -1509,7 +1509,6 @@ fn changing_rustflags_is_cached() {
         .masquerade_as_nightly_cargo(&["checksum-freshness"])
         .env("RUSTFLAGS", "-C linker=cc")
         .with_stderr_data(str![[r#"
-[DIRTY] foo v0.0.1 ([ROOT]/foo): the rustflags changed
 [COMPILING] foo v0.0.1 ([ROOT]/foo)
 [RUNNING] `rustc [..]
 [FINISHED] `dev` profile [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in [ELAPSED]s
@@ -1520,9 +1519,7 @@ fn changing_rustflags_is_cached() {
     p.cargo("build -Zchecksum-freshness -v")
         .masquerade_as_nightly_cargo(&["checksum-freshness"])
         .with_stderr_data(str![[r#"
-[DIRTY] foo v0.0.1 ([ROOT]/foo): the rustflags changed
-[COMPILING] foo v0.0.1 ([ROOT]/foo)
-[RUNNING] `rustc [..] src/lib.rs [..]
+[FRESH] foo v0.0.1 ([ROOT]/foo)
 [FINISHED] `dev` profile [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in [ELAPSED]s
 
 "#]])
@@ -1531,9 +1528,7 @@ fn changing_rustflags_is_cached() {
         .masquerade_as_nightly_cargo(&["checksum-freshness"])
         .env("RUSTFLAGS", "-C linker=cc")
         .with_stderr_data(str![[r#"
-[DIRTY] foo v0.0.1 ([ROOT]/foo): the rustflags changed
-[COMPILING] foo v0.0.1 ([ROOT]/foo)
-[RUNNING] `rustc [..]
+[FRESH] foo v0.0.1 ([ROOT]/foo)
 [FINISHED] `dev` profile [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in [ELAPSED]s
 
 "#]])
diff --git a/tests/testsuite/pgo.rs b/tests/testsuite/pgo.rs
index 631a80c9000..f0441b5889a 100644
--- a/tests/testsuite/pgo.rs
+++ b/tests/testsuite/pgo.rs
@@ -101,7 +101,6 @@ fn pgo_works() {
             ),
         )
         .with_stderr_data(str![[r#"
-[DIRTY] foo v0.0.0 ([ROOT]/foo): the rustflags changed
 [COMPILING] foo v0.0.0 ([ROOT]/foo)
 [RUNNING] `rustc [..]-Cprofile-use=[ROOT]/foo/target/merged.profdata -Cllvm-args=-pgo-warn-missing-function`
 [FINISHED] `release` profile [optimized] target(s) in [ELAPSED]s