diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 0507b78..bd48a0f 100755
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ Write a graph to a file:
 
 ## RDF 1.2
 
-Both reader and writer include provisional support for [RDF 1.2][] quoted triples.
+Both reader and writer include provisional support for [RDF 1.2][] triple terms.
 
 Both reader and writer include provisional support for [RDF 1.2][] directional language-tagged strings, which are literals of type `rdf:dirLangString` having both a `language` and `direction`.
 
@@ -46,15 +46,16 @@ Internally, an `RDF::Statement` is treated as another resource, along with `RDF:
 
 **Note: This feature is subject to change or elimination as the standards process progresses.**
 
-### Serializing a Graph containing quoted triples
+### Serializing a Graph containing reified triples
 
     require 'rdf/turtle'
-    statement = RDF::Statement(RDF::URI('bob'), RDF::Vocab::FOAF.age, RDF::Literal(23))
-    graph = RDF::Graph.new << [statement, RDF::URI("ex:certainty"), RDF::Literal(0.9)]
+    triple = RDF::Statement(RDF::URI('bob'), RDF::Vocab::FOAF.age, RDF::Literal(23))
+    graph = RDF::Graph.new << [RDF::URI('r'), RDF::URI("ex:certainty"), RDF::Literal(0.9)]
+    graph << RDF::Statement(RDF::URI('r'), RDF.reifies, triple)
     graph.dump(:ttl, validate: false, standard_prefixes: true)
     # => '<<<bob> foaf:age 23>> <ex:certainty> 9.0e-1 .'
 
-### Reading a Graph containing quoted triples
+### Reading a Graph containing reified triples
 
 By default, the Turtle reader will reject a document containing a subject resource.
 
@@ -73,7 +74,7 @@ Readers support a boolean valued `rdfstar` option; only one statement is asserte
     graph = RDF::Graph.new do |graph|
       RDF::Turtle::Reader.new(ttl, rdfstar: true) {|reader| graph << reader}
     end
-    graph.count #=> 1
+    graph.count #=> 2
 
 ### Reading a Graph containing statement annotations
 
@@ -88,7 +89,21 @@ where the subject is the the triple ending with that annotation.
     graph = RDF::Graph.new do |graph|
       RDF::Turtle::Reader.new(ttl) {|reader| graph << reader}
     end
-    # => RDF::ReaderError
+    # => RDF::Graph.new do |g|
+      triple = RDF::Statement.new(RDF::URI('bob'), RDF::FOAF.age, RDF::Literal(23))
+      bn = RDF::Node.new('anno)
+      g << triple
+      g << RDF::Statement.new(bn, RDF.reifies, triple)
+      g << RDF::Statement.new(bn, RDF::URI("http://example.com/certainty"), RDF::Literal.new(9.0e-1))
+    end
+
+Annotations can also have a reifier identifier
+
+    ttl = %(
+      @prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
+      @prefix ex: <http://example.com/> .
+      <bob> foaf:age 23 ~ ex:anno {| ex:certainty 9.0e-1 |} .
+    )
 
 Note that this requires the `rdfstar` option to be set.
 
diff --git a/etc/turtle.bnf b/etc/turtle.bnf
index 24edb03..4c870ed 100644
--- a/etc/turtle.bnf
+++ b/etc/turtle.bnf
@@ -5,13 +5,15 @@ prefixID              ::= '@prefix' PNAME_NS IRIREF '.'
 base                  ::= '@base' IRIREF '.'
 sparqlPrefix          ::=	"PREFIX" PNAME_NS IRIREF
 sparqlBase            ::=	"BASE" IRIREF
-triples               ::= subject predicateObjectList | blankNodePropertyList predicateObjectList?
+triples               ::= subject predicateObjectList
+                        | blankNodePropertyList predicateObjectList?
+                        | reifiedTriple predicateObjectList?
 predicateObjectList   ::= verb objectList (';' (verb objectList)? )*
-objectList            ::= object annotation* ( ',' object annotation* )*
+objectList            ::= object annotation ( ',' object annotation )*
 verb                  ::= predicate | 'a'
-subject               ::= iri | BlankNode | collection | reifier
+subject               ::= iri | BlankNode | collection
 predicate             ::= iri
-object                ::= iri | BlankNode | collection | blankNodePropertyList | literal | tripleTerm | reifier
+object                ::= iri | BlankNode | collection | blankNodePropertyList | literal | tripleTerm | reifiedTriple
 literal               ::= RDFLiteral | NumericLiteral | BooleanLiteral
 blankNodePropertyList ::= '[' predicateObjectList ']'
 collection            ::= '(' object* ')'
@@ -23,10 +25,12 @@ String                ::= STRING_LITERAL_QUOTE | STRING_LITERAL_SINGLE_QUOTE
 iri                   ::= IRIREF | PrefixedName
 PrefixedName          ::= PNAME_LN | PNAME_NS
 BlankNode             ::= BLANK_NODE_LABEL | ANON
-reifier               ::= '<<' ((iri | BlankNode) '|' )? subject predicate object '>>'
-tripleTerm            ::= '<<(' subject predicate ttObject ')>>'
+reifier               ::= '~' (iri | BlankNode)?
+reifiedTriple         ::= '<<' ttSubject predicate ttObject reifier* '>>'
+tripleTerm            ::= '<<(' ttSubject predicate ttObject ')>>'
+ttSubject             ::=	iri | BlankNode
 ttObject              ::=	iri | BlankNode | literal | tripleTerm
-annotation            ::= '{|' ( (iri | BlankNode) '|' )? predicateObjectList '|}'
+annotation            ::= (reifier | '{|' predicateObjectList '|}')*
 
 @terminals
 
@@ -45,7 +49,6 @@ STRING_LITERAL_LONG_SINGLE_QUOTE  ::= "'''" ( ( "'" | "''" )? ( [^'\] | ECHAR |
 STRING_LITERAL_LONG_QUOTE         ::= '"""' ( ( '"' | '""' )? ( [^"\] | ECHAR | UCHAR ) )* '"""'
 UCHAR             ::= ( '\u' HEX HEX HEX HEX ) | ( '\U' HEX HEX HEX HEX HEX HEX HEX HEX )
 ECHAR             ::= ('\' [tbnrf\"'])
-NIL               ::= '(' WS* ')'
 WS                ::= #x20 | #x9 | #xD | #xA /* #x20=space #x9=character tabulation #xD=carriage return #xA=new line */
 ANON              ::= '[' WS* ']'
 PN_CHARS_BASE     ::= ([A-Z]
diff --git a/lib/rdf/turtle/reader.rb b/lib/rdf/turtle/reader.rb
index 622e5c9..94e4ecc 100644
--- a/lib/rdf/turtle/reader.rb
+++ b/lib/rdf/turtle/reader.rb
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ class Reader < RDF::Reader
     # String terminals
     terminal(nil,                               %r(
                                                     <<\(|\)>>
-                                                  | [\(\),.;\[\]Aa]
+                                                  | [\(\),.;~\[\]Aa]
                                                   | \^\^
                                                   | \{\|
                                                   | \|\}
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ class Reader < RDF::Reader
 
     terminal(:PREFIX,                           PREFIX)
     terminal(:BASE,                             BASE)
-    terminal(:LANG_DIR,                          LANG_DIR)
+    terminal(:LANG_DIR,                         LANG_DIR)
 
     ##
     # Reader options
@@ -340,6 +340,9 @@ def read_triples
           # blankNodePropertyList predicateObjectList? 
           subject = read_blankNodePropertyList || error("Failed to parse blankNodePropertyList", production: :triples, token: @lexer.first)
           read_predicateObjectList(subject) || subject
+        when '<<'
+          subject = read_reifiedTriple || error("Failed to parse reifiedTriple", production: :triples, token: @lexer.first)
+          read_predicateObjectList(subject) || subject
         else
           # subject predicateObjectList
           subject = read_subject || error("Failed to parse subject", production: :triples, token: @lexer.first)
@@ -383,7 +386,7 @@ def read_objectList(subject, predicate)
           last_object = object
 
           # If object is followed by annotations, read them.
-          read_annotations(subject, predicate, object)
+          read_annotation(subject, predicate, object)
 
           break unless @lexer.first === ','
           @lexer.shift while @lexer.first === ','
@@ -410,7 +413,7 @@ def read_verb
       end
     end
 
-    #   subject ::= iri | BlankNode | collection | reifier
+    #   subject ::= iri | BlankNode | collection
     #
     # @return [RDF::Resource]
     def read_subject
@@ -418,7 +421,6 @@ def read_subject
         read_iri ||
         read_BlankNode ||
         read_collection ||
-        read_reifier ||
         error( "Expected subject", production: :subject, token: @lexer.first)
       end
     end
@@ -427,7 +429,7 @@ def read_subject
     # Read object
     #
     #      object ::= iri | BlankNode | collection | blankNodePropertyList
-    #               | literal | tripleTerm | reifier
+    #               | literal | tripleTerm | reifiedTriple
     #
     # @return [void]
     def read_object(subject = nil, predicate = nil)
@@ -438,7 +440,7 @@ def read_object(subject = nil, predicate = nil)
           read_blankNodePropertyList ||
           read_literal ||
           read_tripleTerm ||
-          read_reifier
+          read_reifiedTriple
 
           add_statement(:object, RDF::Statement(subject, predicate, object)) if subject && predicate
           object
@@ -447,38 +449,34 @@ def read_object(subject = nil, predicate = nil)
     end
 
     ##
-    # Read reifier
+    # Read reifiedTriple
     #
-    #      reifier ::= '<<' ((iri | BlankNode) '|' )? subject predicate object '>>'
+    #      reifiedTriple ::= '<<' ttSubject predicate ttObject reifier? '>>'
     #
     # @return [RDF::Term]
-    def read_reifier
+    def read_reifiedTriple
       return unless @options[:rdfstar]
       if @lexer.first.value == '<<'
-        prod(:reifier) do
+        prod(:reifiedTriple) do
           @lexer.shift # eat <<
-          # Optional identifier for reifier
-          id = read_iri || read_BlankNode
-          if id && @lexer.first.value == '|'
-            @lexer.shift # eat |
-            subject = read_subject || error("Failed to parse subject", production: :reifier, token: @lexer.first)
-          elsif @lexer.first.value == '|'
-            error("Failed to parse reifier identifier", production: :reifier, token: @lexer.first)
-          else
-            # No ID read or missing separator
-            subject = id || read_subject || error("Failed to parse subject", production: :reifier, token: @lexer.first)
-            id = bnode
-          end
-          predicate = read_verb || error("Failed to parse predicate", production: :reifier, token: @lexer.first)
-          object = read_object || error("Failed to parse object", production: :reifier, token: @lexer.first)
+          subject = read_ttSubject || error("Failed to parse subject", production: :reifiedTriple, token: @lexer.first)
+          predicate = read_verb || error("Failed to parse predicate", production: :reifiedTriple, token: @lexer.first)
+          object = read_ttObject || error("Failed to parse object", production: :reifiedTriple, token: @lexer.first)
+          tt = RDF::Statement(subject, predicate, object, tripleTerm: true)
+
+          # An optional reifier. If not specified it is a new blank node.
+          id = if @lexer.first.value == '~'
+            @lexer.shift
+            read_iri || read_BlankNode
+          end || bnode
+
+          statement = RDF::Statement(id, RDF.to_uri + 'reifies', tt)
+          add_statement('reifiedTriple', statement)
+
           unless @lexer.first.value == '>>'
-            error("Failed to end of triple occurence", production: :reifier, token: @lexer.first)
+            error("Failed to end of triple occurence", production: :reifiedTriple, token: @lexer.first)
           end
           @lexer.shift
-          tt = RDF::Statement(subject, predicate, object, tripleTerm: true)
-          ## XXX replacement for rdf:reifies
-          statement = RDF::Statement(id, RDF.to_uri + 'reifies', tt)
-          add_statement('tripleOccurence', statement)
           id
         end
       end
@@ -487,15 +485,15 @@ def read_reifier
     ##
     # Read triple term
     #
-    #      tripleTerm ::= '<<(' subject predicate ttObject ')>>'
+    #      tripleTerm ::= '<<(' ttSubject predicate ttObject ')>>'
     #
-    # @return [RDF::Term]
+    # @return [RDF::Statement]
     def read_tripleTerm
       return unless @options[:rdfstar]
       if @lexer.first.value == '<<('
         prod(:tripleTerm) do
           @lexer.shift # eat <<(
-          subject = read_subject || error("Failed to parse subject", production: :tripleTerm, token: @lexer.first)
+          subject = read_ttSubject || error("Failed to parse subject", production: :tripleTerm, token: @lexer.first)
           predicate = read_verb || error("Failed to parse predicate", production: :tripleTerm, token: @lexer.first)
           object = read_ttObject || error("Failed to parse object", production: :tripleTerm, token: @lexer.first)
           unless @lexer.first.value == ')>>'
@@ -508,6 +506,19 @@ def read_tripleTerm
       end
     end
 
+    ##
+    # Read ttSubject
+    #
+    #      ttSubject::=	iri | BlankNode
+    #
+    # @return [RDF::Term]
+    def read_ttSubject
+      prod(:ttSubject) do
+        read_iri ||
+        read_BlankNode
+      end
+    end
+
     ##
     # Read ttObject
     #
@@ -526,46 +537,42 @@ def read_ttObject(subject = nil, predicate = nil)
     ##
     # Read an annotation on a triple
     #
-    #      annotation := ('{|' ( (iri | BlankNode) '|' )? predicateObjectList '|}')*
-    def read_annotations(subject, predicate, object)
+    #      annotation := (reifier | '{|' predicateObjectList '|}')*
+    #
+    # The `reifier` becomes the identifier for a subsequent annotation block (if it exists). If there is no reifier, then a blank node is created.
+    def read_annotation(subject, predicate, object)
       error("Unexpected end of file", production: :annotation) unless @lexer.first
-      while @lexer.first === '{|'
-        prod(:annotation, %(|})) do
-          @lexer.shift
-          # Optional identifier for reifier
-          tt = RDF::Statement(subject, predicate, object, tripleTerm: true)
-          id = read_iri || read_BlankNode
-          if id && @lexer.first.value == '|'
-            @lexer.shift # eat |
-            progress("anotation", depth: options[:depth]) {"identifier: #{id.to_ntriples}"}
-            # Parsed annotation identifier
-          elsif @lexer.first.value == '|'
-            # expected annotation identifier
-            error("Failed to parse annotation identifier", production: :annotation, token: @lexer.first)
-          elsif id
-            error("Expected IRI to use as predicate in predicateObjectList",
-                  production: :annotation,
-                  token: id) if id.node?
-            # Remember any IRI that was read anticipating that it would be an identifier to use as the verb of a prdicateObjectList.
-            @cached_verb = id if id
-            # No identifier, use a new blank node
-            id = bnode
-          else
-            # No identifier, use a new blank node
-            id = bnode
-          end
 
-          statement = RDF::Statement(id, RDF.reifies, tt)
-          add_statement('annotation', statement)
+      tt = RDF::Statement(subject, predicate, object, tripleTerm: true)
+      id = nil
 
-          # id becomes subject for predicateObjectList
-          read_predicateObjectList(id) ||
-            error("Expected predicateObjectList", production: :annotation, token: @lexer.first)
-          error("annotation", "Expected closing '|}'") unless @lexer.first === '|}'
-          @lexer.shift
+      while %w(~ {|).include? @lexer.first.to_s
+        if @lexer.first === '~'
+          prod(:annotation, %(~})) do
+            @lexer.shift # eat '~'
+            # Emit any pending reifiedTriple if there was no annotation block
+            add_statement('annotation', RDF::Statement(id, RDF.reifies, tt)) if id
+            id = read_iri || read_BlankNode || bnode
+          end
+        else
+          prod(:annotation, %({||})) do
+            @lexer.shift # eat '{|'
+            id ||= bnode
+            # Emit the reifiedTriple
+            add_statement('annotation', RDF::Statement(id, RDF.reifies, tt))
+
+            # id becomes subject for predicateObjectList
+            read_predicateObjectList(id) ||
+              error("Expected predicateObjectList", production: :annotation, token: @lexer.first)
+            error("annotation", "Expected closing '|}'") unless @lexer.first === '|}'
+            @lexer.shift # eat '|}'
+            id = nil
+          end
         end
       end
 
+      # Emit any pending reifiedTriple if there was no annotation block
+      add_statement('annotation', RDF::Statement(id, RDF.reifies, tt)) if id
     end
 
     # @return [RDF::Literal]
diff --git a/script/tc b/script/tc
index b5ba0b0..a630931 100755
--- a/script/tc
+++ b/script/tc
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ def run_tc(tc, **options)
     else
       begin
         graph << reader
-        raise RDF::ReaderError, "quoted triple" if graph.statements.any? {|s| s.to_a.any?(&:statement?)}
+        raise RDF::ReaderError, "triple term" if graph.statements.any? {|s| s.to_a.any?(&:statement?)}
         STDERR.puts "Expected exception" if options[:verbose]
         result = "failed"
       rescue RDF::ReaderError
diff --git a/spec/ntriples_spec.rb b/spec/ntriples_spec.rb
index d0a2109..63ed3c6 100644
--- a/spec/ntriples_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ntriples_spec.rb
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
               else
                 expect {
                   graph << reader
-                  raise RDF::ReaderError, "quoted triple" if graph.statements.any? {|s| s.to_a.any?(&:statement?)}
+                  raise RDF::ReaderError, "triple term" if graph.statements.any? {|s| s.to_a.any?(&:statement?)}
                   #expect(graph.dump(:ntriples).should produce("", t.debug)
                 }.to raise_error RDF::ReaderError
               end
diff --git a/spec/reader_spec.rb b/spec/reader_spec.rb
index 467bb2a..0e35de1 100644
--- a/spec/reader_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/reader_spec.rb
@@ -927,167 +927,296 @@
   end
 
   context "triple reifications" do
-    {
-      "subject-iii" => [
-        %(
-          @prefix ex: <http://example/> .
-          <<ex:s1 ex:p1 ex:o1>> ex:p ex:o .
-        ),
-        %(
-          _:anon <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#reifies> <<(<http://example/s1> <http://example/p1> <http://example/o1>)>> .
-          _:anon <http://example/p> <http://example/o> .
-        )
-      ],
-      "subject-iib": [
-        %(
-          @prefix ex: <http://example/> .
-          <<ex:s1 ex:p1 _:o1>> ex:p ex:o .
-        ),
-        %(
-          _:anon <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#reifies> <<(<http://example/s1> <http://example/p1> _:o1)>> .
-          _:anon <http://example/p> <http://example/o> .
-        )
-      ],
-      "subject-iil": [
-        %(
-          @prefix ex: <http://example/> .
-          <<ex:s1 ex:p1 "o1">> ex:p ex:o .
-        ),
-        %(
-          _:anon <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#reifies> <<(<http://example/s1> <http://example/p1> "o1")>> .
-          _:anon <http://example/p> <http://example/o> .
-        )
-      ],
-      "subject-iia": [
-        %(
-          @prefix ex: <http://example/> .
-          <<ex:s1 ex:p1 []>> ex:p ex:o .
-        ),
-        %(
-          _:anon <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#reifies> <<(<http://example/s1> <http://example/p1> _:o1)>> .
-          _:anon <http://example/p> <http://example/o> .
-        )
-      ],
-      "subject-bii": [
-        %(
-          @prefix ex: <http://example/> .
-          <<_:s1 ex:p1 ex:o1>> ex:p ex:o .
-        ),
-        %(
-          _:anon <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#reifies> <<(_:s1 <http://example/p1> <http://example/o1>)>> .
-          _:anon <http://example/p> <http://example/o> .
-        )
-      ],
-      "subject-bib": [
-        %(
-          @prefix ex: <http://example/> .
-          <<_:s1 ex:p1 _:o1>> ex:p ex:o .
-        ),
-        %(
-          _:anon <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#reifies> <<(_:s1 <http://example/p1> _:o1)>> .
-          _:anon <http://example/p> <http://example/o> .
-        )
-      ],
-      "subject-bil": [
-        %(
-          @prefix ex: <http://example/> .
-          <<_:s1 ex:p1 "o1">> ex:p ex:o .
-        ),
-        %(
-          _:anon <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#reifies> <<(_:s1 <http://example/p1> "o1")>> .
-          _:anon <http://example/p> <http://example/o> .
-        )
-      ],
-      "subject-bia": [
-        %(
-          @prefix ex: <http://example/> .
-          <<_:s1 ex:p1 []>> ex:p ex:o .
-        ),
-        %(
-          _:anon <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#reifies> <<(_:s1 <http://example/p1> _:o1)>> .
-          _:anon <http://example/p> <http://example/o> .
-        )
-      ],
-      "object-iii":  [
-        %(
-          @prefix ex: <http://example/> .
-          ex:s ex:p <<ex:s1 ex:p1 ex:o1>> .
-        ),
-        %(
-          _:anon <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#reifies> <<(<http://example/s1> <http://example/p1> <http://example/o1>)>> .
-          <http://example/s> <http://example/p> _:anon .
-        )
-      ],
-      "object-iib":  [
-        %(
-          @prefix ex: <http://example/> .
-          ex:s ex:p <<ex:s1 ex:p1 _:o1>> .
-        ),
-        %(
-          _:anon <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#reifies> <<(<http://example/s1> <http://example/p1> _:o1)>> .
-          <http://example/s> <http://example/p> _:anon .
-        )
-      ],
-      "object-iil":  [
-        %(
-          @prefix ex: <http://example/> .
-          ex:s ex:p <<ex:s1 ex:p1 "o1">> .
-        ),
-        %(
-          _:anon <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#reifies> <<(<http://example/s1> <http://example/p1> "o1")>> .
-          <http://example/s> <http://example/p> _:anon .
-        )
-      ],
-      "object-iia":  [
-        %(
-          @prefix ex: <http://example/> .
-          ex:s ex:p <<ex:s1 ex:p1 []>> .
-        ),
-        %(
-          _:anon <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#reifies> <<(<http://example/s1> <http://example/p1> _:o1)>> .
-          <http://example/s> <http://example/p> _:anon .
-        )
-      ],
-      "recursive-subject": [
-        %(
-          @prefix ex: <http://example/> .
-          <<
-            <<ex:s2 ex:p2 ex:o2>>
-              ex:p1 ex:o1 >>
-            ex:p ex:o .
-        ),
-        %(
-          _:a1 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#reifies> <<(_:a2 <http://example/p1> <http://example/o1>)>> .
-          _:a2 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#reifies> <<(<http://example/s2> <http://example/p2> <http://example/o2>)>> .
-          _:a1 <http://example/p> <http://example/o> .
-        )
-      ],
-      "IRI identifier":  [
-        %(
-          @prefix ex: <http://example/> .
-          ex:s ex:p <<ex:id | ex:s1 ex:p1 []>> .
-        ),
-        %(
-          <http://example/s> <http://example/p> <http://example/id> .
-          <http://example/id> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#reifies> <<(<http://example/s1> <http://example/p1> _:o1)>> .
-        )
-      ],
-      "BNode identifier":  [
-        %(
-          @prefix ex: <http://example/> .
-          ex:s ex:p <<_:id | ex:s1 ex:p1 []>> .
-        ),
-        %(
-          <http://example/s> <http://example/p> _:id .
-          _:id <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#reifies> <<(<http://example/s1> <http://example/p1> _:o1)>> .
-        )
-      ],
-    }.each do |name, (ttl, nt)|
-      it name do
-        expect_graph = RDF::Graph.new {|g| g << RDF::NTriples::Reader.new(nt, rdfstar: true)}
-        g = parse(ttl, rdfstar: true, validate: true)
-        #require 'byebug'; byebug
-        expect(parse(ttl, rdfstar: true, validate: true)).to be_equivalent_graph(expect_graph, logger: @logger)
+    context "triple terms" do
+      {
+        "subject-iii" => [
+          %(
+            @prefix ex: <http://example/> .
+            <<(ex:s1 ex:p1 ex:o1)>> ex:p ex:o .
+          ),
+          RDF::ReaderError
+        ],
+        "subject-iib": [
+          %(
+            @prefix ex: <http://example/> .
+            <<(ex:s1 ex:p1 _:o1)>> ex:p ex:o .
+          ),
+          RDF::ReaderError
+        ],
+        "subject-iil": [
+          %(
+            @prefix ex: <http://example/> .
+            <<(ex:s1 ex:p1 "o1")>> ex:p ex:o .
+          ),
+          RDF::ReaderError
+        ],
+        "subject-iia": [
+          %(
+            @prefix ex: <http://example/> .
+            <<(ex:s1 ex:p1 [])>> ex:p ex:o .
+          ),
+          RDF::ReaderError
+        ],
+        "subject-bii": [
+          %(
+            @prefix ex: <http://example/> .
+            <<_(:s1 ex:p1 ex:o1)>> ex:p ex:o .
+          ),
+          RDF::ReaderError
+        ],
+        "subject-bib": [
+          %(
+            @prefix ex: <http://example/> .
+            <<(_:s1 ex:p1 _:o1)>> ex:p ex:o .
+          ),
+          RDF::ReaderError
+        ],
+        "subject-bil": [
+          %(
+            @prefix ex: <http://example/> .
+            <<(_:s1 ex:p1 "o1")>> ex:p ex:o .
+          ),
+          RDF::ReaderError
+        ],
+        "subject-bia": [
+          %(
+            @prefix ex: <http://example/> .
+            <<(_:s1 ex:p1 [])>> ex:p ex:o .
+          ),
+          RDF::ReaderError
+        ],
+        "object-iii":  [
+          %(
+            @prefix ex: <http://example/> .
+            @prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
+            ex:s rdf:reifies <<(ex:s1 ex:p1 ex:o1)>> .
+          ),
+          %(
+            <http://example/s> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#reifies> <<(<http://example/s1> <http://example/p1> <http://example/o1>)>> .
+          )
+        ],
+        "object-iib":  [
+          %(
+            @prefix ex: <http://example/> .
+            @prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
+            ex:s rdf:reifies <<(ex:s1 ex:p1 _:o1)>> .
+          ),
+          %(
+            <http://example/s> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#reifies> <<(<http://example/s1> <http://example/p1> _:o1)>> .
+          )
+        ],
+        "object-iil":  [
+          %(
+            @prefix ex: <http://example/> .
+            @prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
+            ex:s rdf:reifies <<(ex:s1 ex:p1 "o1")>> .
+          ),
+          %(
+            <http://example/s> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#reifies> <<(<http://example/s1> <http://example/p1> "o1")>> .
+          )
+        ],
+        "object-iia":  [
+          %(
+            @prefix ex: <http://example/> .
+            @prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
+            ex:s rdf:reifies <<(ex:s1 ex:p1 [])>> .
+          ),
+          %(
+            <http://example/s> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#reifies> <<(<http://example/s1> <http://example/p1> _:o1)>> .
+          )
+        ],
+      }.each do |name, (ttl, nt)|
+        it name do
+          if nt.is_a?(String)
+            expect_graph = RDF::Graph.new {|g| g << RDF::NTriples::Reader.new(nt, rdfstar: true)}
+            g = parse(ttl, rdfstar: true, validate: true)
+            expect(parse(ttl, rdfstar: true, validate: true)).to be_equivalent_graph(expect_graph, logger: @logger)
+          else
+            expect { parse(ttl, rdfstar: true, validate: true) }.to raise_error(nt)
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "reified triples" do
+      {
+        "subject-iii" => [
+          %(
+            @prefix ex: <http://example/> .
+            <<ex:s1 ex:p1 ex:o1>> ex:p ex:o .
+          ),
+          %(
+            _:anon <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#reifies> <<(<http://example/s1> <http://example/p1> <http://example/o1>)>> .
+            _:anon <http://example/p> <http://example/o> .
+          )
+        ],
+        "subject-iib": [
+          %(
+            @prefix ex: <http://example/> .
+            <<ex:s1 ex:p1 _:o1>> ex:p ex:o .
+          ),
+          %(
+            _:anon <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#reifies> <<(<http://example/s1> <http://example/p1> _:o1)>> .
+            _:anon <http://example/p> <http://example/o> .
+          )
+        ],
+        "subject-iil": [
+          %(
+            @prefix ex: <http://example/> .
+            <<ex:s1 ex:p1 "o1">> ex:p ex:o .
+          ),
+          %(
+            _:anon <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#reifies> <<(<http://example/s1> <http://example/p1> "o1")>> .
+            _:anon <http://example/p> <http://example/o> .
+          )
+        ],
+        "subject-iia": [
+          %(
+            @prefix ex: <http://example/> .
+            <<ex:s1 ex:p1 []>> ex:p ex:o .
+          ),
+          %(
+            _:anon <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#reifies> <<(<http://example/s1> <http://example/p1> _:o1)>> .
+            _:anon <http://example/p> <http://example/o> .
+          )
+        ],
+        "subject-bii": [
+          %(
+            @prefix ex: <http://example/> .
+            <<_:s1 ex:p1 ex:o1>> ex:p ex:o .
+          ),
+          %(
+            _:anon <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#reifies> <<(_:s1 <http://example/p1> <http://example/o1>)>> .
+            _:anon <http://example/p> <http://example/o> .
+          )
+        ],
+        "subject-bib": [
+          %(
+            @prefix ex: <http://example/> .
+            <<_:s1 ex:p1 _:o1>> ex:p ex:o .
+          ),
+          %(
+            _:anon <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#reifies> <<(_:s1 <http://example/p1> _:o1)>> .
+            _:anon <http://example/p> <http://example/o> .
+          )
+        ],
+        "subject-bil": [
+          %(
+            @prefix ex: <http://example/> .
+            <<_:s1 ex:p1 "o1">> ex:p ex:o .
+          ),
+          %(
+            _:anon <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#reifies> <<(_:s1 <http://example/p1> "o1")>> .
+            _:anon <http://example/p> <http://example/o> .
+          )
+        ],
+        "subject-bia": [
+          %(
+            @prefix ex: <http://example/> .
+            <<_:s1 ex:p1 []>> ex:p ex:o .
+          ),
+          %(
+            _:anon <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#reifies> <<(_:s1 <http://example/p1> _:o1)>> .
+            _:anon <http://example/p> <http://example/o> .
+          )
+        ],
+        "object-iii":  [
+          %(
+            @prefix ex: <http://example/> .
+            ex:s ex:p <<ex:s1 ex:p1 ex:o1>> .
+          ),
+          %(
+            _:anon <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#reifies> <<(<http://example/s1> <http://example/p1> <http://example/o1>)>> .
+            <http://example/s> <http://example/p> _:anon .
+          )
+        ],
+        "object-iib":  [
+          %(
+            @prefix ex: <http://example/> .
+            ex:s ex:p <<ex:s1 ex:p1 _:o1>> .
+          ),
+          %(
+            _:anon <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#reifies> <<(<http://example/s1> <http://example/p1> _:o1)>> .
+            <http://example/s> <http://example/p> _:anon .
+          )
+        ],
+        "object-iil":  [
+          %(
+            @prefix ex: <http://example/> .
+            ex:s ex:p <<ex:s1 ex:p1 "o1">> .
+          ),
+          %(
+            _:anon <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#reifies> <<(<http://example/s1> <http://example/p1> "o1")>> .
+            <http://example/s> <http://example/p> _:anon .
+          )
+        ],
+        "object-iia":  [
+          %(
+            @prefix ex: <http://example/> .
+            ex:s ex:p <<ex:s1 ex:p1 []>> .
+          ),
+          %(
+            _:anon <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#reifies> <<(<http://example/s1> <http://example/p1> _:o1)>> .
+            <http://example/s> <http://example/p> _:anon .
+          )
+        ],
+        "recursive-subject": [
+          %(
+            @prefix ex: <http://example/> .
+            <<
+              <<ex:s2 ex:p2 ex:o2>>
+                ex:p1 ex:o1 >>
+              ex:p ex:o .
+          ),
+          RDF::ReaderError
+        ],
+        "IRI identifier":  [
+          %(
+            @prefix ex: <http://example/> .
+            ex:s ex:p <<ex:s1 ex:p1 [] ~ex:id>> .
+          ),
+          %(
+            <http://example/s> <http://example/p> <http://example/id> .
+            <http://example/id> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#reifies> <<(<http://example/s1> <http://example/p1> _:o1)>> .
+          )
+        ],
+        "BNode identifier":  [
+          %(
+            @prefix ex: <http://example/> .
+            ex:s ex:p <<ex:s1 ex:p1 [] ~_:id>> .
+          ),
+          %(
+            <http://example/s> <http://example/p> _:id .
+            _:id <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#reifies> <<(<http://example/s1> <http://example/p1> _:o1)>> .
+          )
+        ],
+        "no identifier":  [
+          %(
+            @prefix ex: <http://example/> .
+            ex:s ex:p <<ex:s1 ex:p1 [] ~>> .
+          ),
+          %(
+            <http://example/s> <http://example/p> _:anon .
+            _:anon <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#reifies> <<(<http://example/s1> <http://example/p1> _:o1)>> .
+          )
+        ],
+        "multiple identifiers":  [
+          %(
+            @prefix ex: <http://example/> .
+            ex:s ex:p <<ex:s1 ex:p1 [] ~ ex:r1 ~ ex:r2>> .
+          ),
+          RDF::ReaderError
+        ],
+      }.each do |name, (ttl, nt)|
+        it name do
+          if nt.is_a?(String)
+            expect_graph = RDF::Graph.new {|g| g << RDF::NTriples::Reader.new(nt, rdfstar: true)}
+            g = parse(ttl, rdfstar: true, validate: true)
+            expect(parse(ttl, rdfstar: true, validate: true)).to be_equivalent_graph(expect_graph, logger: @logger)
+          else
+            expect { parse(ttl, rdfstar: true, validate: true) }.to raise_error(nt)
+          end
+        end
       end
     end
 
@@ -1107,7 +1236,7 @@
         "IRI identifier":  [
           %(
           PREFIX : <http://example/>
-          :s :p :o {| :id | :r :z |} .
+          :s :p :o ~:id {| :r :z |} .
           ),
           %(
             <http://example/s> <http://example/p> <http://example/o> .
@@ -1118,7 +1247,7 @@
         "BNode identifier":  [
           %(
             PREFIX : <http://example/>
-            :s :p :o {| _:id | :r :z |} .
+            :s :p :o ~ _:id {| :r :z |} .
           ),
           %(
             <http://example/s> <http://example/p> <http://example/o> .
@@ -1153,7 +1282,7 @@
         'multiple annotations' => [
           %(
             PREFIX : <http://example/>
-            :s :p :o {| :id1 | :r :z |} {| :id2 | :s :w |}.
+            :s :p :o ~ :id1 {| :r :z |} ~ :id2 {| :s :w |}.
           ),
           %(
             <http://example/s> <http://example/p> <http://example/o> .
@@ -1163,10 +1292,27 @@
             <http://example/id2> <http://example/s> <http://example/w> .
           )
         ],
+        'multiple reifiers' => [
+          %(
+            PREFIX : <http://example/>
+            :s :p :o ~ :id1 ~:id2 ~ .
+          ),
+          %(
+            <http://example/s> <http://example/p> <http://example/o> .
+            <http://example/id1> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#reifies> <<(<http://example/s> <http://example/p> <http://example/o>)>> .
+            <http://example/id2> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#reifies> <<(<http://example/s> <http://example/p> <http://example/o>)>> .
+            _:anon <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#reifies> <<(<http://example/s> <http://example/p> <http://example/o>)>> .
+          )
+        ],
       }.each do |name, (ttl, nt)|
         it name do
-          expect_graph = RDF::Graph.new {|g| g << RDF::NTriples::Reader.new(nt, rdfstar: true)}
-          expect(parse(ttl, rdfstar: true, validate: true)).to be_equivalent_graph(expect_graph, logger: @logger)
+          if nt.is_a?(String)
+            expect_graph = RDF::Graph.new {|g| g << RDF::NTriples::Reader.new(nt, rdfstar: true)}
+            g = parse(ttl, rdfstar: true, validate: true)
+            expect(parse(ttl, rdfstar: true, validate: true)).to be_equivalent_graph(expect_graph, logger: @logger)
+          else
+            expect { parse(ttl, rdfstar: true, validate: true) }.to raise_error(nt)
+          end
         end
       end
     end
diff --git a/spec/star_spec.rb b/spec/star_spec.rb
index cd82f5b..a50d8de 100644
--- a/spec/star_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/star_spec.rb
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@
               else
                 expect {
                   graph << reader
-                  raise RDF::ReaderError, "quoted triple" if graph.statements.any? {|s| s.to_a.any?(&:statement?)}
+                  raise RDF::ReaderError, "triple term" if graph.statements.any? {|s| s.to_a.any?(&:statement?)}
                   expect(graph.dump(:ntriples)).to produce("not this", t)
                 }.to raise_error(RDF::ReaderError)
               end