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Memento

Purpose

It provides the ability to restore an object to it's previous state (undo via rollback) or to gain access to state of the object, without revealing it's implementation (i.e., the object is not required to have a function to return the current state).

The memento pattern is implemented with three objects: the Originator, a Caretaker and a Memento.

Memento – an object that contains a concrete unique snapshot of state of any object or resource: string, number, array, an instance of class and so on. The uniqueness in this case does not imply the prohibition existence of similar states in different snapshots. That means the state can be extracted as the independent clone. Any object stored in the Memento should be a full copy of the original object rather than a reference to the original object. The Memento object is a "opaque object" (the object that no one can or should change).

Originator – it is an object that contains the actual state of an external object is strictly specified type. Originator is able to create a unique copy of this state and return it wrapped in a Memento. The Originator does not know the history of changes. You can set a concrete state to Originator from the outside, which will be considered as actual. The Originator must make sure that given state corresponds the allowed type of object. Originator may (but not should) have any methods, but they they can't make changes to the saved object state.

Caretaker controls the states history. He may make changes to an object; take a decision to save the state of an external object in the Originator; ask from the Originator snapshot of the current state; or set the Originator state to equivalence with some snapshot from history.

Examples

  • The seed of a pseudorandom number generator
  • The state in a finite state machine
  • Control for intermediate states of ORM Model before saving

UML Diagram

Alt Momento UML Diagram

Code

You can also find this code on GitHub

Memento.php

.. literalinclude:: Memento.php
   :language: php
   :linenos:

State.php

.. literalinclude:: State.php
   :language: php
   :linenos:

Ticket.php

.. literalinclude:: Ticket.php
   :language: php
   :linenos:

Test

Tests/MementoTest.php

.. literalinclude:: Tests/MementoTest.php
   :language: php
   :linenos: