diff --git a/src/meta/src/rpc/election/etcd.rs b/src/meta/src/rpc/election/etcd.rs
index 78e066bc49669..f30d8253cb95d 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/rpc/election/etcd.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/rpc/election/etcd.rs
@@ -349,7 +349,8 @@ mod tests {
     use tokio::sync::watch::Sender;
     use tokio::time;
 
-    use crate::rpc::election_client::{ElectionClient, EtcdElectionClient, META_ELECTION_KEY};
+    use crate::rpc::election::etcd::EtcdElectionClient;
+    use crate::rpc::election::{ElectionClient, META_ELECTION_KEY};
 
     type ElectionHandle = (Sender<()>, Arc<dyn ElectionClient>);
 
diff --git a/src/meta/src/rpc/election/sql.rs b/src/meta/src/rpc/election/sql.rs
index 6567857d857ec..4d4124036bda9 100644
--- a/src/meta/src/rpc/election/sql.rs
+++ b/src/meta/src/rpc/election/sql.rs
@@ -52,10 +52,10 @@ pub(crate) trait SqlDriverCommon {
     const ELECTION_LEADER_TABLE_NAME: &'static str = "election_leader";
     const ELECTION_MEMBER_TABLE_NAME: &'static str = "election_members";
 
-    fn election_table_name(&self) -> &'static str {
+    fn election_table_name() -> &'static str {
         Self::ELECTION_LEADER_TABLE_NAME
     }
-    fn member_table_name(&self) -> &'static str {
+    fn member_table_name() -> &'static str {
         Self::ELECTION_MEMBER_TABLE_NAME
     }
 }
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ ON CONFLICT (id, service)
 DO
    UPDATE SET last_heartbeat = EXCLUDED.last_heartbeat;
 "#,
-            table = self.member_table_name()
+            table = Self::member_table_name()
         ))
         .bind(id)
         .bind(service_name)
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ ON CONFLICT (service)
             END
 RETURNING service, id, last_heartbeat;
 "#,
-            table = self.election_table_name()
+            table = Self::election_table_name()
         ))
             .bind(service_name)
             .bind(id)
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ RETURNING service, id, last_heartbeat;
     async fn leader(&self, service_name: &str) -> MetaResult<Option<ElectionRow>> {
         let row = sqlx::query_as::<_, ElectionRow>(&format!(
             r#"SELECT service, id, last_heartbeat FROM {table} WHERE service = $1;"#,
-            table = self.election_table_name()
+            table = Self::election_table_name()
         ))
         .bind(service_name)
         .fetch_optional(&self.pool)
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ RETURNING service, id, last_heartbeat;
     async fn candidates(&self, service_name: &str) -> MetaResult<Vec<ElectionRow>> {
         let row = sqlx::query_as::<_, ElectionRow>(&format!(
             r#"SELECT service, id, last_heartbeat FROM {table} WHERE service = $1;"#,
-            table = self.member_table_name()
+            table = Self::member_table_name()
         ))
         .bind(service_name)
         .fetch_all(&self.pool)
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ RETURNING service, id, last_heartbeat;
             r#"
         DELETE FROM {table} WHERE service = $1 AND id = $2;
         "#,
-            table = self.election_table_name()
+            table = Self::election_table_name()
         ))
         .bind(service_name)
         .bind(id)
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ RETURNING service, id, last_heartbeat;
             r#"
         DELETE FROM {table} WHERE service = $1 AND id = $2;
         "#,
-            table = self.member_table_name()
+            table = Self::member_table_name()
         ))
         .bind(service_name)
         .bind(id)
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ VALUES(?, ?, NOW())
 ON duplicate KEY
    UPDATE last_heartbeat = VALUES(last_heartbeat);
 "#,
-            table = self.member_table_name()
+            table = Self::member_table_name()
         ))
         .bind(id)
         .bind(service_name)
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ ON duplicate KEY
         id: &str,
         ttl: i64,
     ) -> MetaResult<ElectionRow> {
-        let row = sqlx::query::<MySql>(&format!(
+        let _ = sqlx::query::<MySql>(&format!(
             r#"INSERT
     IGNORE
 INTO {table} (service, id, last_heartbeat)
@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ ON duplicate KEY
            last_heartbeat = if(id =
                                VALUES(id),
                                VALUES(last_heartbeat), last_heartbeat);"#,
-            table = self.election_table_name()
+            table = Self::election_table_name()
         ))
         .bind(service_name)
         .bind(id)
@@ -229,11 +229,9 @@ ON duplicate KEY
         .execute(&self.pool)
         .await?;
 
-        println!("row {:?}", row);
-
         let row = sqlx::query_as::<MySql, ElectionRow>(&format!(
             r#"SELECT service, id, last_heartbeat FROM {table} WHERE service = ?;"#,
-            table = self.election_table_name(),
+            table = Self::election_table_name(),
         ))
         .bind(service_name)
         .fetch_one(&self.pool)
@@ -245,7 +243,7 @@ ON duplicate KEY
     async fn leader(&self, service_name: &str) -> MetaResult<Option<ElectionRow>> {
         let row = sqlx::query_as::<MySql, ElectionRow>(&format!(
             r#"SELECT service, id, last_heartbeat FROM {table} WHERE service = ?;"#,
-            table = self.election_table_name()
+            table = Self::election_table_name()
         ))
         .bind(service_name)
         .fetch_optional(&self.pool)
@@ -257,7 +255,7 @@ ON duplicate KEY
     async fn candidates(&self, service_name: &str) -> MetaResult<Vec<ElectionRow>> {
         let row = sqlx::query_as::<MySql, ElectionRow>(&format!(
             r#"SELECT service, id, last_heartbeat FROM {table} WHERE service = ?;"#,
-            table = self.member_table_name()
+            table = Self::member_table_name()
         ))
         .bind(service_name)
         .fetch_all(&self.pool)
@@ -272,7 +270,7 @@ ON duplicate KEY
             r#"
         DELETE FROM {table} WHERE service = ? AND id = ?;
         "#,
-            table = self.election_table_name()
+            table = Self::election_table_name()
         ))
         .bind(service_name)
         .bind(id)
@@ -283,7 +281,7 @@ ON duplicate KEY
             r#"
         DELETE FROM {table} WHERE service = ? AND id = ?;
         "#,
-            table = self.member_table_name()
+            table = Self::member_table_name()
         ))
         .bind(service_name)
         .bind(id)
@@ -306,7 +304,7 @@ ON CONFLICT (id, service)
 DO
    UPDATE SET last_heartbeat = EXCLUDED.last_heartbeat;
 "#,
-            table = self.member_table_name()
+            table = Self::member_table_name()
         ))
         .bind(id)
         .bind(service_name)
@@ -338,7 +336,7 @@ ON CONFLICT (service)
             END
 RETURNING service, id, last_heartbeat;
 "#,
-            table = self.election_table_name()
+            table = Self::election_table_name()
         ))
             .bind(service_name)
             .bind(id)
@@ -346,15 +344,13 @@ RETURNING service, id, last_heartbeat;
             .fetch_one(&self.pool)
             .await?;
 
-        println!("row {:?}", row);
-
         Ok(row)
     }
 
     async fn leader(&self, service_name: &str) -> MetaResult<Option<ElectionRow>> {
         let row = sqlx::query_as::<Postgres, ElectionRow>(&format!(
             r#"SELECT service, id, last_heartbeat FROM {table} WHERE service = $1;"#,
-            table = self.election_table_name()
+            table = Self::election_table_name()
         ))
         .bind(service_name)
         .fetch_optional(&self.pool)
@@ -366,7 +362,7 @@ RETURNING service, id, last_heartbeat;
     async fn candidates(&self, service_name: &str) -> MetaResult<Vec<ElectionRow>> {
         let row = sqlx::query_as::<Postgres, ElectionRow>(&format!(
             r#"SELECT service, id, last_heartbeat FROM {table} WHERE service = $1;"#,
-            table = self.member_table_name()
+            table = Self::member_table_name()
         ))
         .bind(service_name)
         .fetch_all(&self.pool)
@@ -381,7 +377,7 @@ RETURNING service, id, last_heartbeat;
             r#"
         DELETE FROM {table} WHERE service = $1 AND id = $2;
         "#,
-            table = self.election_table_name()
+            table = Self::election_table_name()
         ))
         .bind(service_name)
         .bind(id)
@@ -392,7 +388,7 @@ RETURNING service, id, last_heartbeat;
             r#"
         DELETE FROM {table} WHERE service = $1 AND id = $2;
         "#,
-            table = self.member_table_name()
+            table = Self::member_table_name()
         ))
         .bind(service_name)
         .bind(id)
@@ -417,8 +413,6 @@ where
     async fn run_once(&self, ttl: i64, stop: Receiver<()>) -> MetaResult<()> {
         let stop = stop.clone();
 
-        let mut election_ticker = tokio::time::interval(Duration::from_secs(1));
-
         let member_refresh_driver = self.driver.clone();
 
         let id = self.id.clone();
@@ -431,6 +425,7 @@ where
             loop {
                 tokio::select! {
                     _ = ticker.tick() => {
+
                         if let Err(e) = member_refresh_driver
                             .update_heartbeat(META_ELECTION_KEY, id.as_str())
                             .await {
@@ -456,13 +451,15 @@ where
 
         let mut is_leader = false;
 
+        let mut election_ticker = time::interval(Duration::from_secs(1));
+
         loop {
             tokio::select! {
-                    _ = election_ticker.tick() => {
-                        let election_row = self
-                            .driver
-                            .try_campaign(META_ELECTION_KEY, self.id.as_str(), ttl)
-                            .await?;
+                _ = election_ticker.tick() => {
+                    let election_row = self
+                        .driver
+                        .try_campaign(META_ELECTION_KEY, self.id.as_str(), ttl)
+                        .await?;
 
                         assert_eq!(election_row.service, META_ELECTION_KEY);
 
@@ -472,13 +469,12 @@ where
                                 is_leader = true;
                             }
                         } else if is_leader {
-                                tracing::warn!("leader has been changed to {}", election_row.id);
-                                break;
-
+                            tracing::warn!("leader has been changed to {}", election_row.id);
+                            break;
                         }
 
-                        timeout_ticker.reset();
-                    }
+                    timeout_ticker.reset();
+                }
                 _ = timeout_ticker.tick() => {
                     tracing::error!("member {} election timeout", self.id);
                     break;
@@ -497,7 +493,6 @@ where
                 }
             }
         }
-
         self.is_leader_sender.send_replace(false);
 
         return Ok(());
@@ -539,3 +534,91 @@ where
         *self.is_leader_sender.borrow()
     }
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use std::sync::Arc;
+
+    use sqlx::sqlite::SqlitePoolOptions;
+    use sqlx::SqlitePool;
+    use tokio::sync::watch;
+
+    use crate::rpc::election::sql::{SqlBackendElectionClient, SqlDriverCommon, SqliteDriver};
+    use crate::{ElectionClient, MetaResult};
+
+    async fn prepare_sqlite_env() -> MetaResult<SqlitePool> {
+        let pool = SqlitePoolOptions::new().connect("sqlite::memory:").await?;
+        let _ = sqlx::query(
+            &format!("CREATE TABLE {table} (service VARCHAR(256) PRIMARY KEY, id VARCHAR(256), last_heartbeat DATETIME)",
+                     table = SqliteDriver::election_table_name()))
+            .execute(&pool).await?;
+
+        let _ = sqlx::query(
+            &format!("CREATE TABLE {table} (service VARCHAR(256), id VARCHAR(256), last_heartbeat DATETIME, PRIMARY KEY (service, id))",
+                     table = SqliteDriver::member_table_name()))
+            .execute(&pool).await?;
+
+        Ok(pool)
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_sql_election() {
+        let id = "test_id".to_string();
+        let pool = prepare_sqlite_env().await.unwrap();
+
+        let provider = SqliteDriver { pool };
+        let (sender, _) = watch::channel(false);
+        let sql_election_client: Arc<dyn ElectionClient> = Arc::new(SqlBackendElectionClient {
+            id,
+            driver: Arc::new(provider),
+            is_leader_sender: sender,
+        });
+        let (stop_sender, _) = watch::channel(());
+
+        let stop_receiver = stop_sender.subscribe();
+
+        let mut receiver = sql_election_client.subscribe();
+        let client_ = sql_election_client.clone();
+        tokio::spawn(async move { client_.run_once(10, stop_receiver).await.unwrap() });
+
+        loop {
+            receiver.changed().await.unwrap();
+            if *receiver.borrow() {
+                assert!(sql_election_client.is_leader().await);
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_sql_election_multi() {
+        let (stop_sender, _) = watch::channel(());
+
+        let mut clients = vec![];
+
+        let pool = prepare_sqlite_env().await.unwrap();
+        for i in 1..3 {
+            let id = format!("test_id_{}", i);
+            let provider = SqliteDriver { pool: pool.clone() };
+            let (sender, _) = watch::channel(false);
+            let sql_election_client: Arc<dyn ElectionClient> = Arc::new(SqlBackendElectionClient {
+                id,
+                driver: Arc::new(provider),
+                is_leader_sender: sender,
+            });
+
+            let stop_receiver = stop_sender.subscribe();
+            let client_ = sql_election_client.clone();
+            tokio::spawn(async move { client_.run_once(10, stop_receiver).await.unwrap() });
+            clients.push(sql_election_client);
+        }
+
+        let mut is_leaders = vec![];
+
+        for client in clients {
+            is_leaders.push(client.is_leader().await);
+        }
+
+        assert!(is_leaders.iter().filter(|&x| *x).count() <= 1);
+    }
+}