diff --git a/src/common/src/catalog/column.rs b/src/common/src/catalog/column.rs
index 2731cb0b4876c..98fdd758090fc 100644
--- a/src/common/src/catalog/column.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/catalog/column.rs
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ use risingwave_pb::plan_common::{
 };
 
 use super::row_id_column_desc;
-use crate::catalog::Field;
+use crate::catalog::{Field, ROW_ID_COLUMN_ID};
 use crate::error::ErrorCode;
 use crate::types::DataType;
 
@@ -51,6 +51,12 @@ impl ColumnId {
     pub const fn next(self) -> Self {
         Self(self.0 + 1)
     }
+
+    pub fn apply_delta_if_not_row_id(&mut self, delta: i32) {
+        if self.0 != ROW_ID_COLUMN_ID.get_id() {
+            self.0 += delta;
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 impl From<i32> for ColumnId {
@@ -291,6 +297,36 @@ impl ColumnCatalog {
     }
 }
 
+pub fn columns_extend(preserved_columns: &mut Vec<ColumnCatalog>, columns: Vec<ColumnCatalog>) {
+    debug_assert_eq!(ROW_ID_COLUMN_ID.get_id(), 0);
+    let mut max_incoming_column_id = ROW_ID_COLUMN_ID.get_id();
+    columns.iter().for_each(|column| {
+        let column_id = column.column_id().get_id();
+        if column_id > max_incoming_column_id {
+            max_incoming_column_id = column_id;
+        }
+    });
+    preserved_columns.iter_mut().for_each(|column| {
+        column
+            .column_desc
+            .column_id
+            .apply_delta_if_not_row_id(max_incoming_column_id)
+    });
+
+    preserved_columns.extend(columns);
+}
+
+pub fn is_column_ids_dedup(columns: &[ColumnCatalog]) -> bool {
+    let mut column_ids = columns
+        .iter()
+        .map(|column| column.column_id().get_id())
+        .collect_vec();
+    column_ids.sort();
+    let original_len = column_ids.len();
+    column_ids.dedup();
+    column_ids.len() == original_len
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 pub mod tests {
     use risingwave_pb::plan_common::ColumnDesc as ProstColumnDesc;
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/handler/create_source.rs b/src/frontend/src/handler/create_source.rs
index a3f33d168e1c8..d1dbca29fbc2a 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/handler/create_source.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/src/handler/create_source.rs
@@ -16,7 +16,9 @@ use std::collections::HashMap;
 
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use pgwire::pg_response::{PgResponse, StatementType};
-use risingwave_common::catalog::{ColumnCatalog, ColumnDesc, ROW_ID_COLUMN_ID};
+use risingwave_common::catalog::{
+    columns_extend, is_column_ids_dedup, ColumnCatalog, ColumnDesc, ROW_ID_COLUMN_ID,
+};
 use risingwave_common::error::ErrorCode::{self, ProtocolError};
 use risingwave_common::error::{Result, RwError};
 use risingwave_common::types::DataType;
@@ -159,7 +161,8 @@ pub(crate) async fn resolve_source_schema(
                 )));
             }
 
-            columns.extend(
+            columns_extend(
+                columns,
                 extract_protobuf_table_schema(protobuf_schema, with_properties.clone()).await?,
             );
 
@@ -188,7 +191,10 @@ pub(crate) async fn resolve_source_schema(
                 )));
             }
 
-            columns.extend(extract_avro_table_schema(avro_schema, with_properties.clone()).await?);
+            columns_extend(
+                columns,
+                extract_avro_table_schema(avro_schema, with_properties.clone()).await?,
+            );
 
             StreamSourceInfo {
                 row_format: RowFormatType::Avro as i32,
@@ -294,7 +300,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn resolve_source_schema(
                 let _ = full_columns.remove(index);
             }
 
-            columns.extend(full_columns);
+            columns_extend(columns, full_columns);
             StreamSourceInfo {
                 row_format: RowFormatType::DebeziumAvro as i32,
                 row_schema_location: avro_schema.row_schema_location.0.clone(),
@@ -394,6 +400,8 @@ pub async fn handle_create_source(
     )
     .await?;
 
+    debug_assert!(is_column_ids_dedup(&columns));
+
     let watermark_descs =
         bind_source_watermark(&session, name.clone(), stmt.source_watermarks, &columns)?;
     // TODO(yuhao): allow multiple watermark on source.