diff --git a/src/common/src/util/column_index_mapping.rs b/src/common/src/util/column_index_mapping.rs
index 3a6785f64e0ad..a4b3cf50d9015 100644
--- a/src/common/src/util/column_index_mapping.rs
+++ b/src/common/src/util/column_index_mapping.rs
@@ -36,7 +36,12 @@ impl ColIndexMapping {
     /// `(0..target_size)`. Each subscript is mapped to the corresponding element.
     pub fn new(map: Vec<Option<usize>>, target_size: usize) -> Self {
         if let Some(target_max) = map.iter().filter_map(|x| *x).max_by_key(|x| *x) {
-            assert!(target_max < target_size)
+            assert!(
+                target_max < target_size,
+                "target_max: {}, target_size: {}",
+                target_max,
+                target_size
+            );
         };
         Self { target_size, map }
     }
diff --git a/src/stream/src/common/table/state_table.rs b/src/stream/src/common/table/state_table.rs
index 4a2fc89c80468..eaead15d11e4d 100644
--- a/src/stream/src/common/table/state_table.rs
+++ b/src/stream/src/common/table/state_table.rs
@@ -409,15 +409,16 @@ where
             .collect_vec();
 
         // Compute i2o mapping
+        // Note that this can be a partial mapping, since we use the i2o mapping to get
+        // any 1 of the output columns, and use that to fill the input column.
         let mut i2o_mapping = vec![None; columns.len()];
-        let mut output_column_indices = vec![];
         for (i, column) in columns.iter().enumerate() {
             if let Some(pos) = output_column_ids_to_input_idx.get(&column.column_id) {
                 i2o_mapping[i] = Some(*pos);
-                output_column_indices.push(i);
             }
         }
-        let i2o_mapping = ColIndexMapping::new(i2o_mapping, output_column_indices.len());
+        // We can prune any duplicate column indices
+        let i2o_mapping = ColIndexMapping::new(i2o_mapping, output_column_ids.len());
 
         // Compute output indices
         let (_, output_indices) = find_columns_by_ids(&columns[..], &output_column_ids);